Written analysis of one Felice. Tvir analysis of one Derzhavin Felitsa. How the image of Katerina is created

The ode “Felitsa” was written in 1782, dating back to the early period of G. Derzhavin’s work. This is why I became a famous singer. Before the work, the author submits a clarification subtitle “Ode to the wise Kyrgyz-Kaisak princess Felice, written by Tatarsky Murza, who long ago settled in Moscow...”. With these clarifications, the author points to “The Tale of Prince Chlorus,” written by Catherine II, from which the name of the main character is taken. Under the images of Felitsa and the nobles, Empress Catherine II herself and the court nobility were “captured”. An ode not to glorify them, but to mock them.

The theme of the poem is a poignant depiction of the life of the empress and her neighbors. The idea of ​​the ode “Felicia” is unique: the author distorts the vices of the queen, presenting an idealized image of Felicia and, at the same time, shows what evils the monarch’s mother is guilty of. The sounding idea of ​​the work is complemented by a show of knowledge.

The central place in the ode is occupied by the image of Queen Felicia, in which all the beautiful qualities of a woman and a monarch are sung: kindness, simplicity, generosity, bright wisdom. The portrait of the princess is not a “holy-tide” one, but an everyday one, but it doesn’t suck, but it’s important to be closer to the people and readers. The queen is alive, lushly and righteously, without “tidying up her predilections”, eats simple food, sleeps little, giving importance to reading and writing... She has a lot of virtues, but you can tell what lies behind the mask of the Kyrgyz-Kaisak king They want the Russian Empire as an image of idealization. The idealization of this dress is a tool of satire.

Enough respect is given to those close to the princess, who are attracted by wealth, fame, and respect. The portraits created by Gavriil Derzhavin in the analysis are easily recognizable as Potomkin, Narishkin, Oleksiy Orlov, Panin and others. The portraits are characterized by caustic satire, having dared to publish them, Derzhavin even scorned, but knew that the Empress was putting herself before the new cool.

The lyrical hero is lost in a seemingly incomprehensible middle of the gallery of bright satirical images, and his setting to the image is clearly visible. Sometimes we dare to say for the sake of the Tsarina-Empress herself: “From separation - year // And from passions of fierce happiness // You can only do so much.” At the end of his voice, the praise of Felicia and the blessing of all blessings sound (such an ending is traditional for one).

Metaphors, rhymes, reverence, hyperbole – all these mystical ways have found their place in the “Felitsa” poem, but they attract respect not to the stench, but to the appreciation of the high style and the low. The work has a mixture of bookish and informal vocabulary, loose.

The ode consists of 26 stanzas, 10 rows each. The first few rows of the verse have a cross-cut line, then there are two rows with a parallel line, and the remaining four lines have a ring line. The most common size is an iambic tetrameter with pyrrhichium. The intonation of the little one corresponds to the ode genre: praises are sometimes accompanied by shouty propositions.

Ode “Felitsa” is the first infusion of the Russian culture with the “copper Russian warehouse”, as Derzhavin himself said about the creative ones.

History of creation. Ode “Felitsa” (1782), the first poem that made the name of Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin famous. It became a bright glimpse of the new style of Russian poetry. The subtitle specifies: “Ode to the wise Kyrgyz-Kaisak princess Felice, written by the Tatar Murza, who long ago settled in Moscow, and lives near his right in St. Petersburg. Translated from Arabic language." This novel took its unusual name from the name of the heroine “Tales about Prince Chlorus,” the author of which was Catherine II herself. Tsim im'yam, translated from Latin as meaning happiness, is named in Derzhavin’s ode, which glorifies the Empress and satirically characterizes her extremity. It appears that at first Derzhavin does not want to destroy this world and take over the authorship, fearing the revenge of the most powerful nobles who satirically depicted him. In 1783, after the emergence of a wide expansion and for the marriage of Princess Dashkova, a close empress, it was published in the magazine “Spravozmovnik of lovers of the Russian word”, in which Catherine II herself spoke. Years ago, Derzhavin guessed that this action had so devastated the Empress that Dashkova found her in tears. Catherine II encouraged us to know who wrote the verse and who depicted it so accurately. For the last time, the author sent this gold snuffbox with five hundred ducats and a striking inscription on the package: “From Orenburg to the Kirghiz Princess to Murza Derzhavin.” From that day on, Derzhavin received literary fame, something that Russian singers had never known before. Mainly topics and ideas. Versh “Felitsa”, written as a sarcastic depiction of the life of the Empress and its extremeness, at the same time destroys even important problems. On the one hand, in the ode “Felitsa” a completely traditional image of a “god-like queen” is created, in which the expression of a song about the ideal of a sanctified monarch is infused. Obviously idealizing the real Catherine II, Derzhavin at the same time believed in the image he painted: On the other hand, at the top, the thought sounds not only about the wisdom of the ruler, but also about the carelessness of the Viconavians, seeking their own benefit: By itself this idea was not new , but behind the images of nobles painted by Odyaz, the pictures of real people clearly appeared: In these images, the poet’s companions could easily recognize the leader of the Empress Potyomkina, and her close friends Oleksiy Orlova, Panin, Naryshkina. Their tiny, brightly satirical portraits, Derzhavin showed great humility - even if any of the nobles he captivated could argue with the author. The more pretentious installation of Katerina was betrayed by Derzhavin. But the Empress is obliged to comply with the law that both the kings and their subjects are subject to: This beloved thought of the State sounded smiling, and was explained by the simplicity and wisdom of mine. The end will end with the traditional praise of the Empress and the bestowal of all her blessings: Artistic excellence. Having defended classicism, combining high ode and satire into one work, which extends to low genres, but Derzhavin is not just condensed in the characteristics of various personalities, introduced in odyssey; for that hour. Breaking the traditions of the genre of laudatory odes, Derzhavin widely introduces her informal vocabulary and vernacular words, but most importantly - he paints not a ceremonial portrait of the empress, but depicts her human likeness. Because of this, everyday scenes appear in the ode, the still life “Godlike” Felitsya, like other characters in the ode, also shows everyday life (“Do not value your peace, / You read, you write under the naked ...”). At the same time, such details do not detract from her image, but rather make her seem more real, human, almost exactly copied from nature. Reading the verse “Felitsa”, you reconsider what the State of Justice was able to bring to the poetry, boldly taken from life and creating the individual characters of real people, as shown in the colorfully depicted everyday situations. It is important to keep your actions bright, so that they are memorable and sensible. I create meaning. Derzhavin himself has said for a long time that one of his main merits is that he “smiled in a funny Russian movie about the honesty of Felicia’s voice.” As the successor to the creativity of the poet V.F. Khodasevich, Derzhavin wrote “not to the one who crooked Katerina’s honesty, but to the one who first spoke with the “copper Russian warehouse.” We understand that this ode is more than an artist’s impression of the Russian life, and that this ode is the germ of our novel. And, perhaps,” Khodasevich develops his thought, “if “old Derzhavin” had lived to see the first chapter of “Onegin,” he would have felt his own spirit in it.”

One of the main achievements of R.R. Derzhavin is his ode “Felitsa”. This one was written in the name of the beast of the “acting Murzi” before the Kyrgyz-Kaisak princess Felice. Oda first dared the presenters to talk about Derzhavin as he sings of significance. First of all, after cultivating the world of 1789. Whose reader has the ability to avoid both praise and condemnation at the same time.

Main heroine

In the analysis of the ode “Felitsa” it is clear that it was dedicated to Empress Catherine II. Tvir is written in iambic tetrameter. The image of the ruler in the creation is intellectual and traditional, behind its spirit it is reminiscent of a portrait in the classicism style. It is also noteworthy that Derzhavin wants the empress to be not just a ruler, but a living person:

“… And the simplest thing

I’m at your table...”

Novelty creation

In his work, Derzhavin portrays the virtuous Felitsa among nobles and nobles. Also in the analysis of the ode “Felitsa” it is important to note that the very top of the leaks is new. Even the image of the main character is also similar to others, for example, from the works of Lomonosov. Mikhail Vasilyovich’s image of Elizabeth is very vague. The state requests specific certificates from the ruler from its ruler. The same can be said about the intercession of trade and industry: “Tell them to love trade and science.”

Before Derzhavin’s ode was written, the image of the empress was depicted in poetry following her own laws. For example, Lomonosov depicted the ruler as an earthly deity, who stepped from distant heavens to earth, a cry of endless wisdom and boundless mercy. Ale Derzhavin is proud to follow this tradition. Vin shows a rich and full-blooded image of a ruler - a sovereign figure and a prominent person.

Roles of nobles, condemned by Derzhavin

Conducting an analysis of the ode “Felitsa”, it is clear that Derzhavin condemns the horses and other lands of the court nobles in a satirical style. Let’s talk about the waterfall, and about the Kartyarsk forest, and about trips to buy new-fangled clothes to Kratsi. Gavrilo Romanovich allows himself to destroy the purity of the genre in his work. And in the ode it is not only about praising the empress, but also about exterminating the vices of their non-turbocharged underlings.

Special ear in one

And also in the analysis of “Felitsa” the study can also be taken into account by the fact that Derzhavin introduced a special cob into it. And in the ode there is also an image of Murzi, who is sometimes cunning and sometimes cunning. In the form of nobles, the members of the party could easily recognize those close to Katerina, as it happened. Derzhavin also adds richly: “I’m so dissolute, Felice! “The whole world is alike to me.” Autoirony rarely occurs in odes. And the description of Derzhavin’s mystical “I” will be clearly demonstrated.

Who does Felitsya refer to?

There are few new facts that can be discovered during the process of analysis of “Felitsa”. Versh is richly ahead of his time. There is also a description of the lazy nobleman and the image of one of the main characters in Pushkin’s work - Evgen Onegin. For example, you can read that after waking up late, the courtier lazily indulges in a pipe and dreams of glory. The day consists of banquets and love affairs, lovemaking and haircuts. The nobleman spends the evening walking on the Neva River, and in the warm little hut on New Year’s Day, as before, he celebrates family joys and peaceful reading.

Besides the lazy Murzi, Katerina is also identified with her deceased companion - Peter III, which can also be indicated in the analysis of the song “Felitsa”. In a nutshell, you can put it this way: in front of the person, she was thinking about the good of the country. Regardless of those that the Empress was dumb, write all your decrees and do them in Russian fashion. Katerina also defiantly wore a Russian sundress. In her performances, she clearly looked like a man who felt every ounce of ill-health.

Character of the Empress

Derzhavin does not provide portrait descriptions of the Empress. However, this is not enough to compensate for these enemies, as the ruler copes with his exile. Pragne sings to encourage her most important yakosti. If it is necessary to analyze the song “Felitsa” briefly, then we can describe such ideas as follows: it is inconspicuous, simple, democratic, and also welcoming.

Images in one

It should be noted that all the time we go through the image of Prince Chlorus. This character comes from “Tales about Prince Chlorus,” written by the Empress herself. The ode begins with the retelling of this fairy tale, present such images as Felitsa, Strichka, Murza, Chlor, Rose without hairpins. And the story ends, as it should, with the praise of the noble and merciful ruler. Just as it happens in mythical works, the images in one are intellectual and allegorical. Ale in Gavril Romanovich the stench is given in a new manner. The empress sings as if she were not just a goddess, but those who are strangers to human life.

Analysis of "Felitsa" behind the plan

The study plan can be approximately as follows:

• The author is the same name.
• The history of creation, to whom it is dedicated.
• Composition one.
• Vocabulary.
• Features of the main character.
• My position is up to date.

Whom did the author view?

Those who need to carry out a report analysis of the ode “Felitsa” can describe the nobles whom Derzhavin saw in his work. For example, this is Grigory Potyomkin, who, despite his generosity, was transformed into amiability and amiability. The favorites of the ruler Oleksia and Grigory Orlov, revelers and lovers of horse riding are also seen in this ode.

Count Orlov was a champion of fist fights, a woman's man, a gambling thinker, and the alleged assassin of Peter III and the leader of his squad. This is how the memory of the people of today was lost, and this is how Derzhavin’s work lost its descriptions:

“...Or, tell the turbo about everything

Having lost it, I go to the water

And I will add to the barking of dogs...”

You can also guess about Semyon Narishkin, who was the Jägermeister at Catherine’s court and expressed his overwhelming love to music. And Gavrilo Romanovich also puts himself in line with her. He did not realize his responsibility to the stake, but instead said that he must also wait until the stake.

Image of nature

In the same way, Derzhavin also explores wonderful natural landscapes, with which the image of the hallowed monarch is in harmony. The landscapes he describes are very similar to the scenes from tapestries that embellish the vital St. Petersburg nobility. Derzhavin, who also splurged on paintings, not without reason called poetry “a robin’s egg, what can I say.” His chosen Derzhavin talks about the “high mountain” and the “Troyand without thorns.” These images help make the image of Felicia even greater.

Ode “Felitsa” (1782) is the first poem that made Gavrili Romanovich Derzhavin famous, becoming a symbol of the new style in Russian poetry.

The ode took its name from the name of the heroine of “Tales about Prince Chlorus,” whose author was Catherine II herself. Tsim im'yam, translated from Latin as meaning happiness, is named in Derzhavin’s ode, which glorifies the Empress and satirically characterizes her extremity.

The history of this revolution is very impressive and impressive. It was written a few days before publication, but Derzhavin himself did not want to betray anyone and took over the authorship. І raptom in 1783 r. A novelty spread around St. Petersburg: the anonymous ode “Felitsa” appeared, which was presented in a heated form to the famous nobles close to Catherine II, which ode was dedicated. The residents of St. Petersburg were delighted by the humor of the unknown author. The ode was written, read, and rewritten. Princess Dashkova, a close friend of the Empress, dared to perform an ode, and in the magazine where Catherine II herself sang.

The next day, Dashkova found the Empress in tears, and in her hands was a magazine with a sovereign ode. The Empress chuckled, having written the poem to whom, as she herself said, she portrayed them so accurately that she brought them to tears. This is how this history of Derzhavin reveals itself.

Effectively, breaking the traditions of the genre of laudatory odes, Derzhavin widely introduces her informal vocabulary and vernacular words, but most importantly, he paints not a ceremonial portrait of the empress, but depicts her human likeness. Why do everyday scenes and still life appear in Odyaz:

Your Murzas will not inherit,

You often walk these pishki,

And the simplest thing

Is at your table.

Having defended classicism, it is possible to combine high ode and satire into one work, which rises to low genres. Ale Derzhavin doesn’t just follow them in the characteristics of various individuals bred in the ode, but he didn’t work at all at that time. “God-like” Felitsya, like other characters in his story, is also shown in a unique way (“You often move your steps...”). At the same time, such details do not detract from her image, but rather are real, human, or exactly drawn from nature.

But not everyone in this world has been honored as much as the empress. The Derzhavin's many lifelong companions swelled and stirred. What was there in this new one that was so unexpected and so unsafe?

On the one hand, in the ode “Felitsa” a completely traditional image of a “god-like queen” is created, in which the expression of the song about the ideal of the Right Reverend monarch is infused. Clearly idealizing the real Catherine II, Derzhavin immediately believed in the image he painted:

Give me some food, Felitsa:

How to write and truthfully live,

Yak tidy up addictions hvilyuvannya

And should we be happy in the world?

On the other hand, at the top of the poet there is a thought not only about the wisdom of the ruler, but also about the goodness of the Viconavians, who sought their profit:

Through the sweetness and forest life,

I plow all desires and suppress them.

Where is honesty alive?

Is the Trojan growing without thorns?

The idea itself was not new, but behind the images of nobles daubed in robes, the images of real people clearly appeared:

I mix my thoughts in chimeras:

Then I steal full of Persians,

Then I fire at the Turks;

Those who dreamed that I was a sultan,

I glance at the world;

Then rapt, calmly embraced,

I'll gallop along the captan to the edge.

In these images, the poet’s companions easily recognized the leader of the Empress Potomkin, and his close friends Oleksiy Orlova, Panin, Naryshkin. Their tiny, brightly satirical portraits, Derzhavin showed great humility - even if any of the nobles he captivated could argue with the author. The more pretentious installation of Katerina was betrayed by Derzhavin.

In addition, the Empress Vyn is obliged to comply with the law that both kings and their subjects are subject to:

You are the only one who is more than decent,

Princess, create light out of darkness;

Dilyachi Chaos on the sphere stringko,

The union will honor their integrity;

From separation - year

And from passions of fierce happiness

You can only do so much.

This beloved thought of Derzhavin sounded smiling and was explained by the simplicity and wisdom of mine.

The end will end with the traditional praise of the Empress and the bestowal of all her blessings:

I ask heaven for strength,

So, their expanse of safir krills,

They save you invisibly

From all illnesses, hardships and sorrows;

So will your descendants hear sounds,

Like the stars in the sky, shine.

Thus, in “Felitsa” Derzhavin acted as a brave innovator, who combines the style of praise with the individualization of characters and satire, introducing elements of low styles to the high genre. Zgodom himself sings the genre of “Felitsi” as a “mixed ode”. Derzhavin asserted that, in contrast to the tradition of classicism, sovereign individuals and military leaders were praised, they were trained in the locality, in a “mixed outfit,” “we can talk about everything.”

Reading the verse “Felitsa”, you reconsider what Derzhavin, effectively, tried to bring into poetry, boldly taken from life or creating the distinct individual characters of real people, as shown in the colorfully depicted everyday situations . It is important to make sure that your actions are bright, such that they are memorable and sensible, not only for people of this hour. And now we can happily read the verses of this wonderful song, amplified before us at a great distance two and a half centuries ago.

A poet's reputation is formed through his life. In reality, the understanding of this poetry and its place in literary development is determined by history. A clear illustration of this pattern is Derzhavin’s creativity.

Fame came to Derzhavin in 1783, when in the first issue of the magazine “Spiritual Book of Lovers of the Russian Word” his ode “Felitsa” was written. Versh, who grew up before Catherine II, became empress, the author of heaps of gold snuffbox and 500 ducats.

It was at a time of growing crisis for classicism that it survived. The rules of normative poetics of goiters required that they be followed by expressions (in fact, they would inherit Lomonosov’s odes).

Derzhavin acted as a much-praised champion of the aesthetic system of classicism, a brave innovator, who introduced new trends in Russian poetry.

What did Derzhavin do? “The path is untrodden and you have chosen a new one.” And in this way, his originality was revealed: preserving a high topic - the core “honesty” of the Empress - he was inspired by rhetoric and in a simple manner, defining his special setting before Catherine II and precisely: “You, with your simplicity, were able to bring us among you.”

In her early odes, “Felitsa” is especially famous, as well as revenge on the eminence of the queen for the high integrity of her ruler. Of the 26 ten verses of “Felitsa” (lyrical meditation in 260 verses) 19 reveal such extended and richly in what yet praise.

But the author of this one began to create at that hour, when the need for the colossal thought, the power of “orthodox” classicism, began to be wasted, when the differentiation of a special cob was already to blame, which would be aroused by the crisis of the old state of supremacy and Yogo Vladi. This led to complete destruction in the sphere of artistic “light-gazing”, to the enhancement of its civil-moralistic abstraction and, finally, to a significant increase in objective imagery in the genre of the colossal ode. Derzhavin, who performed at this place, sings as an innovator - inspiring his companions with the same “high” and urban genre of motives for the humorous depiction of private life.

In “Felitsa”, after 4 stanzas of introduction and the first praises of the queen’s harsh life, the contrast with them is followed by 7 stanzas that slightly mock the image of the free and turbo-free life of the most lyrical subject, one of the queen’s closest ones. , and in tension - і її nobles In these stanzas, substantive imagery arises from the creation of certain moments of the noble life of the nobles, and it directly outweighs meditativeness. However, it is still ordered by the dark, ironic intonation of the description. And syntactically, as many as five stanzas of such a description are connected with each other by anaphoric repetitions of the conjunction “chi” (“For in the banquet I am rich, // De holy I give, // De brighten the table with silver and gold, // Ten thousand different strav..." "," "Or in the middle of the nut of the beautiful, / / ​​At the altanza, where the fountain is making noise..." etc.). 'The queens and their leaders are on an abstract-meditative plane.