Decoding markings and informational signs. Product Marking

Federal Customs Service

State educational institution

higher vocational education

"Russian Customs Academy"

Vladivostok branch

On discipline: "Commodity and examination in customs"

"Types of information signs used in food labeling"

111 student groups

faculty of Customs

Rodimtsev Alexey Vladimirovich

Lecturer: Solovyov L.P.

Vladivostok 2011

Introduction

In the proposed form of work, I need to study the types, methods and regulations for labeling various foods. I believe that first of all it is necessary to study in detail the types of marking and their functions. After we get a detailed idea of the types of labeling, it will be possible to break into the study of the requirements and established regulations, enshrined in the regulatory and legal acts, and the labeling of food products.

It should be noted that this issue is very relevant for future customs officers. Representatives of the customs service must be very well versed in these matters, since, when serving, they will often have to face the determination of the authenticity or falsification of the labeling of various goods that will be indicated by the declarant in the documents provided. The customs officer should, as soon as possible, determine whether a particular brand of goods and the authenticity of the data specified in the documents, and in cases if any data will cause him to doubt, then send the goods for examination.

1. Marking and its main functions

Marking is the text, symbols and (or) the product, as well as other auxiliary means designed to identify the product or its individual properties, to inform the consumer about the manufacturers of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the product.

The main functions of labeling: informational, identifying, motivational and emotional.

The information function of marking as one of the means of commodity information is the main one. The largest share falls on the basic and consumer information, the smaller - on the commercial. At the same time, the basic information on the label duplicates the same type of information in the shipping documents (TSD). The discrepancy of the basic information data may be a consequence of the falsification of goods.

The need for such duplication is due to the common identification function of marking and TSD. However, unlike the TSD, labeling is intended for all subjects of commercial activity, and for the majority of consumers is practically the only available means of commodity information. Therefore, in the labeling the proportion of commercial information is much less.

The identifying function of marking is extremely important, as it ensures the traceability of consignments at all stages of the distribution.

Emotional and motivational functions of labeling are interrelated. Colorfully decorated markings, explanatory texts, the use of generally accepted symbols evoke positive emotions in the consumer and serve as an important motivation for making the decision to purchase goods.

2. Types of marking

Depending on the place of application, there is a distinction between production and trade markings.

Marking must comply with the requirements of standards and other regulatory documents. Requirements for production labeling are set mainly by the standards for labeling and packaging, as well as the general technical conditions of product standards. Trade mark requirements are less developed than production labels. Separate trademark labeling requirements are established by the Rules of sale of certain groups of food and non-food products, as well as regional retail trade rules.

Marking presents the general for the product information and emotional and motivational functions of marking. General requirements are governed by the Federal Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

Marking-specific requirements: clear text and illustrations; visibility, uniqueness of the text, its compliance with consumer properties of the goods; Accuracy - the information on the label must not mislead the recipient and the consumer regarding the quantity, quality, manufacturer, country of origin; use for marking indelible dyes permitted for use by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

Trade Marks are text, symbols or a drawing, printed by the manufacturer on the goods or cash receipts, packages and (or) goods.

The carriers of trade marks are price tags, commodity and cash receipts. In contrast to the production trade marks are applied not to the goods, but to the indicated carriers or operational documents.

Another difference between the trademark and the production one is that its identifying function is more connected with the indication of data on the seller, and to a lesser extent with information about the product. Requirements for the content of trademarks are governed by a number of regulations: Rules for the sale of certain types of food and non-food items, Model Regulations on the use of cash registers (details of a cash receipt).

A production label is a text, symbols, or a drawing made by the manufacturer (performer) on the product and (or) packaging and (or) other information carriers.

The carriers of the production marking may be labels, tangers, inserts, labels, tags, control tapes, stamps, stamps.

3. Marking structure

Marking may include three elements:

1. text (specific gravity from 50 to 100%), it is more preferable;

2. drawing (not always present, but its specific weight can be up to 50%);

3. information signs (IZ) - identification of the characteristics of the product, up to 30%.

These components differ in the ratio and degree of availability of commodity information, the breadth of distribution and different functions.

Text as a form of written information is the most common element of production and trade markings. It is characterized by a high degree of availability of product information for all subjects of market relations. The text can perform all the basic functions of marking, but it is most informative and identifying.

Drawing is not always present on the label. To the greatest degree it is inherent in industrial marking, in the smallest - trade. As an element of marking, a drawing is distinguished, as a rule, by a high degree of accessibility and performs mainly emotional and motivational functions, less often informational and identifying. Although there are exceptions, for example, when the labeling of packaging and inserts in the form of drawings gives information on the use or use of the goods.

Information signs are characterized by brevity, expressiveness, clarity and quick recognition.

The brevity is due to the fact that individual words, letters, numbers, pictures and other symbols can be used as information signs.

The expressiveness and visibility of information signs are determined by their shape, color, combination of individual characters that meet the specific aesthetic requirements of consumers. At the same time, some firms aimed at a specific segment of consumers tend to take their interests into account in their trademarks. For example, information signs on sports goods, clothing and footwear for young people contain symbols of famous sports societies, teams, etc.

The rapid recognition of information signs is achieved by using common symbols, images of which are often decoded without special knowledge. This is different international symbols depicted on the labels and packaging of textiles.

Compliance marks are designations that are applied to the product and (or) packaging to confirm the quality of the product meets the requirements of regulatory or technical documents. Compliance marks are classified into international, regional and national. An example of a regional mark of conformity can serve as a sign of the European Economic Community "CE" (Fig. 3).

Handling marks are applied mainly to shipping containers or packaging. These signs give instructions for loading and unloading operations (Fig. 4).

Ecological signs are applied to those goods that can harm the environment during the production, use, recycling and burial of goods.

The ecological sign "Green Dot" (Fig. 6 a) is used in the system of measures to prevent environmental pollution by waste. Such a sign on the packaging indicates the possibility of its processing or return. Products marked with the "Blue Angel" sign (Fig. 6 b) comply with the established requirements, the fulfillment of which guarantees environmental safety. Other environmental signs inform the consumer about various indicators of the environmental properties of the goods sold, which often serves as the main criterion for their choice.

merchandising food product labeling

Bar code (CC) is a sign intended for automated identification and recording of information about a product encoded in the form of numbers and strokes (Fig. 1).

The barcode is applied to the transport or consumer packaging of many imported and domestic goods by typographical method or using a label or a label that is glued. Information on some of the most significant parameters of products is encrypted using a barcode. The most common are the American Universal Product Code UPC and the European EAN Coding System (see figure).

According to one or another system, each type of product is assigned its own number, consisting most often of 13 digits (EAN-13). Take, for example, the digital code: 5601721110013. The first two digits (56) indicate the country of origin (manufacturer or seller) of the product, the next five (01721) are the manufacturer, another five (11001) are the product name, its consumer properties, dimensions , mass, color. The last digit (3) is a check, used to verify the correctness of reading strokes by the scanner.

For item code:

1 figure: the name of the product

2 figure: consumer properties,

3 figure: dimensions, weight,

4 figure: ingredients,

5 figure: color.

The first 3 digits of the EAN code are called the prefix of the National Organization. There is a misconception that the first digit of the bar code can determine the country of origin of the goods. This opinion is erroneous.

The barcode cannot serve as evidence of the country of origin of the goods. The prefix can be defined only in which National organization a particular enterprise is registered.

The EAN · UCC system is optional and voluntary in its status. Nowhere in the world (with the exception of Tatarstan and Ukraine) there are no regulatory acts obligating one or another enterprise (company) to join EAN and put bar codes on packaging.

An enterprise has the right to determine the national organization of which country it should join, and it can also join several national organizations at the same time. For example, one of the German pharmaceutical companies exporting drugs to different countries joined national organizations that are members of GS1 importing countries and for each country manufactures product packaging with its own bar code (for example, for Russia with prefixes 460, for Belgium, with prefixes 540 -549, etc.).

The registration number obtained by your company in UNISCAN / GS1 Russia (for example, 460700952) is unique. Nowhere else in the world will there be another company with the same number.

3. Food Labeling Requirements

Requirements for labeling food products are set by state standards for packaging and labeling. They relate mainly to the text part. It should be indicated that the unity of the marking is an obligatory requirement under art. 7 of the Federal Law "On Standardization". In this regard, all the information on the label can be divided into defining and additional. .

The defining data for all types of food products include: name of the product or its type, variety (if there is division into varieties), net weight or capacity (volume), designation of the regulatory document for this type of product. These requirements should be considered mandatory for labeling all foods.

Additional data on consumer packaging labels may include nutritional information, condition and shelf life, shift number and production date, recipe, and a brief description of the product.

On the labeling of alcoholic beverages indicated: name of the organization, which includes the manufacturer, strength, sugar content, brigade number, dates of bottling.

The marking of canned food applied to the bottom of cans includes: an index of an industry or system that includes an enterprise, an OKPO enterprise identification number, an assortment number or a sign of canned food by OKP (All-Russian Classifier of Industrial and Agricultural Products), the shift number and the date of production.

The information data of the text labeling element may be supplemented with pictures and information signs, which also refer to additional ones. Among them, it is worth mentioning the indication on the marking of a mark of conformity, which is optional, but very important, as it serves as one of the ways to confirm compliance with safety indicators in the absence of a certificate.

Food labeling is placed mainly on the packaging, since specifying a large amount of information on the product itself is difficult. Directly on products, labeling is carried out by stamping with stamps, seals (meat) or stamping letters (cheeses), but the possibilities of such marking are limited. The label is applied to transport and consumer packaging, and many informational data, especially fundamental, are duplicate. Such duplication is fully justified, since it allows identifying the goods without opening the shipping container, as well as after clearing it (unpacking).

Additional data on the shipping container markings include: stacker number, packing date, can number (only for meat, meat and vegetable, canned fish and preserves from fish and seafood), the number of units (bottles, cans, pieces, etc.) in the container . For products in glass containers must be indicated by the handling sign "Caution, fragile!" On the labeling of shipping containers for dried vegetables with low humidity, the mass fraction of moisture is additionally indicated. On the transport container with canned food are applied handling signs: "Top, do not turn over", "Afraid of dampness", "Afraid of heating".

4. Features of the labeling of various types of food

4.2 Features labeling canned

Marking of canned food, as well as a list of information data on it, are determined by the type of packaging and the location of this data on the packaging.

Metal, glass and polymeric containers are used for canning. Common to all types of tare label carriers are labels that are glued to the cans or applied in a lithographic manner on the case or cover. The list of defining and additional information on the labels was given earlier. In addition, the cover and (or) the bottom are applied symbols that carry certain information about canned food, the fullness of which is different for different types of containers.

On the covers of unlitographed metal cans of most types of canned food, symbols of symbols are put in two or three rows depending on the area of the lid in the following order: the number of the production date is two digits (0 is up to the ninth inclusive); month of production - two digits (up to the ninth inclusive, 0 is put ahead); year of production - the last two digits; The shift number is one digit, the assortment number is one to three digits. For top grade canned meat, the letter “В

Legend index system:

M - dairy industry;

A - meat "industry;

KP - food industry;

K - fruit and vegetable farm;

CA - consumer operation;

MS - agricultural industry

LH - forestry;

P - fish industry.

The system index can sometimes define a group of canned food (meat, fish, fruit and vegetable, dairy), if the industry index coincides with the type of canned food, but this criterion is unreliable, since enterprises of different systems can produce canned food of different groups (for example, the KP index can have meat and canned fruits and vegetables).

150896 or 150896 or 150896

1 183 A 15 1 183 on the cover 1 183

A 15 on the bottom A 15

Explanation of the legend: canned food was released on August 15, 1996 in the first shift. The assortment number of canned food is 183. The manufacturer has number fifteen of the meat industry.

The following symbols are applied on the covers of lithographed cans by the method of embossed marking or indelible paint: the date (day, month, year) of the production of canned food and the number of the shift.

Decoding: canned food was made on August 25, 1996 on the first shift. Differences in the completeness of the legend information on lithographed and non-lithographed banks are explained by the identifying purpose of the marking. In this regard, canned foods are distinguished from most food products by the presence of a clear identification of not only the name of the product and the manufacturer, but also of each commodity batch, determined by the date of production and the number of the shift.

The symbols applied to the lid and bottom of the can by the method of embossed marking or indelible paint symbols completely exclude the possibility of falsification of belonging to a particular consignment.

On the non-litographed banks, the legend on the lid contains duplicate information (information about the name in the form of an assortment number, the manufacturer), which allows you to fully identify canned goods even if you lose the paper label or replace it in the event of falsification.

On lithographed cans, the label is applied with indelible ink, therefore it cannot be lost. This allows you to exclude duplicate information in the legend on the lid and bottom.

4.2 Veterinary and commodity labeling of meat and meat products

Commodity stamps and stamps are most often used for veterinary and commodity stamping of meat and meat products (by-products) of all types of agricultural and wild animals, including poultry. Branding with veterinary stamps and stamps is mandatory and regulated by the Federal Law "On Veterinary Medicine", the Instructions for Veterinary Meat Branding, approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia on September 1, 1992 and the Instructions for Merchandising Meat Labeling, approved by the Committee of the Russian Federation on Food and Processing Industry.

The branding of meat and meat products with an oval stamp is carried out by veterinarians and paramedics who are on the staff of organizations and institutions of the state veterinary network who have been certified in the prescribed manner.

Veterinarians and medical assistants of other organizations during the veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products obtained at household slaughter and at slaughter stations and sent for processing at meat-packing plants (shops, factories) or for sale in the markets under the control of the State Veterinary Service, are stigmatized with the "Preliminary examination" stamp .

Branding of meat is carried out only after a veterinary-sanitary examination.

For the marking of meat using paints permitted by the authorities of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

Merchandise marking of meat in carcasses, half carcasses or quarters of all types of slaughter animals, as well as carcasses of poultry and rabbits, is carried out only with the stamp or stamp of the State Veterinary Service, indicating the direction of the use of meat for food purposes.

Merchandising assessment and labeling of meat is carried out by specialists who have been trained and are on the staff of the department of the chief technologist or production department of enterprises and organizations of the meat and poultry processing industry, at meat processing enterprises of the consumer cooperation system.

The objects of merchandise labeling are meat in carcasses, half carcasses or quarters of all types of slaughter animals, as well as poultry and rabbit carcasses, developed in accordance with the technological instructions at the specified enterprises.

When marking carcasses, birds are sometimes replaced with an electric label with pink or green paper labels.

Veterinary and merchandising stamps, stamps carry a fairly extensive information about the product.

In the veterinary stamps are indicated: the ordinal number of the Republic of the Russian Federation, cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg - the first two digits; the ordinal number of the district, the city - the second two digits; the serial number of the organization - the third two digits; national (Russian Federation) and departmental affiliation of the organization: State veterinary authority - on the oval stamp, the Veterinary Service - on the rectangular stamp.

The form, inscriptions, color and size of stamps and stamps on meat carcasses carry a significant information load, complemented by verbal and digital information.

As already mentioned, the departmental affiliation of the organization conducting the branding of meat and meat products can be distinguished by the form of the stigma (oval - Gosvetnadzor and rectangular - Vetluzhba) and supplementary inscriptions with the indicated names.

Conclusion

In the course of studying the chosen topic, I got acquainted with the types of labeling, its functions and regulations for labeling food products. It can be concluded that the main function of product labeling is to provide information about the product, to inform the consumer (supplier, seller, etc.) and customs authorities when crossing the border about the consumer properties of the product, the country of origin, the conditions and modes storage, transportation, use and disposal of goods. The manufacturer and / or seller is responsible for the full compliance of the goods with the information declared about him. We receive all this information from marking, with the help of information signs. All these signs carry great information about the product, which must be taken into account in all aspects of customs clearance and declaration.

Bibliography

1. Nikolaev M.A. Theoretical foundations of commodity science: a textbook for universities M .: Norma, 2007. - 448 p.

2. Nikolaev M.M. Commodity consumer goods. Theoretical basis. Textbook for universities. M .: Publishing house NORMA, 1999

3. Merchandising non-food products: a textbook / V.E. Sytsko, M.I. Drozd, G.S. Hraban et al .; under total Ed. V.E. Sycko. 2nd ed. - Mn .: Your. school, 2006. - 669 p.

4. Dramshev S.T. The theoretical foundations of the commodity science of food products. M. - 2005. - 189 p.

Product labeling provides the consumer with a set of necessary product information. The informational marking function is the main one; in addition, the marking is

assigned to identify the goods, and should also cause positive emotions from the buyer and motivate them to make decisions about the purchase of goods.

The goods are labeled with text, brief annotation, symbol, drawing, etc. There are production marking and trade marking. Production labeling can be made on labels, inserts, labels, control tapes, etc. Trade marks are made on price tags, cash vouchers, packaging bags, etc.

Production marking may contain symbols or information signs that require special decoding. In informational signs, common, easily recognizable characters are also used. Information signs include trademarks, marks of conformity or quality, handling, warning, dimensional, signs of appellation of origin, operational, environmental.

Dimensional signs are signs for designation of physical quantities (mass, volume) determining the quantitative characteristic of a product.

The actual size of this quantity in the accepted units of measurement is added to the symbol of the physical quantity.

So, for the designation of the net mass, the dimension sign E is used (from English exactly, German exakt - exactly, equal).

Handling signs are signs informing about the ways of handling goods. These signs are applied mainly on the transport packaging, at least - on the consumer.

Ecological signs inform the consumer about the environmental cleanliness of consumer goods, about how to use or dispose of packaging. The most common eco-sign is the German “green dot” sign (“Der griine Punkt”).

This sign indicates that the package is covered by the guarantee of its return, acceptance and recycling.

Trademark - the designation by which you can distinguish the goods of one manufacturer from another. A trademark is registered by the patent office in the State Register of Trademarks and Service Marks of the Russian Federation (RF Law "On Trademarks of Services and Appellations of Origin of Goods" dated September 23, 1992). A trademark can be a graphic image, the original name, a combination of letters, numbers or words. When purchasing a product, many buyers are guided by a trademark (corporate) mark. Different types of trademarks are known in our country and abroad.

A pictorial sign is a designation in the form of figures, any forms, spots, lines on a plane and in space.

Sound - designed for the perception of the hearing organs, but not related to human speech.

Volumetric - having the form of a three-dimensional object; and trademarks: integrated, descriptive, embossed, simple, planar, color, black and white.

Word mark (logo) - the most common, it is easier to create and reproduce. It is a combination of letters or words. Verbal trademarks: “Gifts of the Sea”, beer “Baltika”, “Mouth Front” (confectionery products).

A trademark is like a brand (brand) of products, it highlights branded products on the market of similar goods, and allows them to be sold at prices 20-30% higher. The absence of a trademark on the product reduces the price by 10-20%.

By degree of importance trademarks are divided into ordinary and prestigious. A prestigious badge is awarded to a firm for special services to the state.

In Russia in 1997 a provision was developed on the program “One Hundred Best Products of Russia”. Enterprises with such products were awarded the sign of the laureate of the contest “One Hundred Best Goods of Russia” (fig.).

Fig. Badge of the winner of the contest "Hundred best goods of Russia"

To improve the quality of goods, a contest of the Government of the Russian Federation Prize was announced (Fig.). This is a quality mark of the XXI century.

Fig. Badge of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of quality

Russia has developed a national program for the quality of goods “Russian brand” (Fig.). Periodical exhibitions and competitions are held, as a result of which the winners of the competitions are awarded the prestigious signs: platinum, gold, silver and bronze.

Fig. Badge of the winner of the contest "Russian brand"

Quality marks are assigned for two years. After this period the company must confirm the mark, or it loses the award. Assigns quality marks to the All-Russian Center for Testing and Certification Gosstandart. An enterprise nominated for a platinum quality mark receives a passport “Reliable Enterprise of the Russian Federation”.

Marking uses component marks, such as those intended for information about food additives. Food additives are used to improve certain consumer properties (appearance, product persistence, consistency, etc.) of products.

Most often, food additives are denoted by the letter E (Europe) and a three-digit or four-digit numeric code. Food additives classification:

E100-182 dyes;

And also used are acidulants, disintegrating agents, glazes, propellants (for aerosol products, etc.).

Currently, each country has a regulatory approved list of approved and prohibited for use of food additives. For the consumer is very important information about the food additives on the product label, as from their presence in the product may have harmful effects. In our country, the list of permitted additives and their maximum permissible concentrations are regulated by the "Medical-biological requirements and sanitary standards for the quality of food raw materials and food products" and "Sanitary rules for the use of food additives."

Food labeling should contain basic information:

Product name;

Information about the manufacturer;

Standards to which the product meets;

Certification information;

Shelf life and shelf life;

Basic consumer properties (mass, volume, composition, including food additives);

Nutritional value (calorie);

Contraindications;

Storage conditions.

Marking must comply with the standards.

Requirements for trademarks are established by the “Rules for the sale of certain groups of food products”, as well as the “Rules for retail trade”.

General labeling requirements:

Reliability of information: they should not mislead the buyer regarding the manufacturer, country of origin, quantity and quality of the goods;

Accessibility: information should be in the state language or the language of the majority of consumers; the information should be clear; the terms and definitions used should not require explanations and definitions;

Sufficiency of information: labeling should not be incomplete, but excessive information may contain useless information without causing consumer interest.

The marking must have a clear text, be clearly and colorfully framed.

Introduction 3

Consumer Information 4

Marking: definition, functions, types 5

Product Marking Structure 13

Information signs used for marking goods 15

Conclusion 19

References 20

Appendix 1 21

Appendix 2 22

Appendix 3 23

Introduction

Every day in our market there are more and more new products. New in terms of composition, technological performance, additives used, fillers, etc. How can a buyer, inexperienced in the intricacies of new technologies, correctly and consciously choose the product that he needs? Not easy, but the only way: be careful about labeling, learn to read the label, or, as they call it now - "information for the consumer." In addition, today's consumer is more attentive to the purchased products than a few years ago. It is not surprising, because in the course of several years of the emergence of a market economy, Russians faced a considerable amount of low-quality goods. Therefore, the buyer who carefully examines the product, its packaging and labeling before making a purchase, today is not uncommon.

The importance of marking today is obvious to all, and the list of mandatory information for marking is constantly increasing. For example, today many retail networks refuse to work with suppliers, on the basis of the absence of a logo, label, barcode or other information on a product. This applies not only food, but also non-food items. Information for consumers is regulated by the State Standards of the Russian Federation (GOST). (GOST on "Non-food goods. Information for the consumer. General requirements" are presented in Appendix No. 3).

But labeling is not so much a need for compliance with regulations, as an urgent need for all market participants for reliable information, and this is a more effective factor in business development.

Consumer Information

The seller or service provider must always and must sell us the goods or provide the service with high quality and safe for the life and health of the consumer. The consumer’s right to information is the right to protection in case of fraudulently false or misleading information, advertising, writing on goods, or other practices and to summarizing the facts necessary to improve the reasonable and correct choice of goods or services.

The provisions of Article 8 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" speaks about the Consumer's Right to information about the manufacturer, performer, seller, products and services rendered.

The consumer has the right to require the provision of necessary and reliable information about the manufacturer, the performer and the seller, the mode of his work and the goods sold by him, about the work performed, the services rendered.

In accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the seller is obliged to provide the buyer with reliable information about the product, necessary for its effective use for its intended purpose. Moreover, if for the safe use of the product, its storage, transportation and disposal, special rules must be observed, the manufacturer must bring these rules to consumers. Requirements for the content and methods of providing such information, depending on the type of product, are established by the relevant laws, other legal acts and regulatory and technical documents for specific types or groups of products. Advertising information in the composition of the marking must comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation on advertising.

Marking: definition, functions, types

Marking (from him. Markieren - mark, put a mark) - drawing conventional symbols, letters, numbers or inscriptions on the object. It serves to distinguish it from other objects, reports on its special properties, as well as communicates to the consumer information about the manufacturers (performers), quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the product, Or - marking - a set of information in the form of text, individual graphic, color symbols ( symbols) and their combinations, which are applied, depending on the specific conditions, directly on the product, package (container), label (tag) or label, which ensures the consumer's right to make an informed choice of the goods being purchased. Marking (information about the product) may be of the following types: consumer; precautionary; confirming conformity (marks of conformity, quality, approval); environmental (environmental signs and statements); transport; special protective; in the form of trademarks, service marks and appellations of origin

The main marking functions are:

1. informational;

2. identifying;

3. motivational;

4. emotional.

The information function of marking as one of the means of commodity information is the main one. The largest share falls on information for consumers, the smaller - on commercial. At the same time, the basic information on the label duplicates the same type of information in the shipping documents (TSD). The discrepancy of the basic information data may be a consequence of the falsification of goods. The need for such duplication is due to the common identification function of marking and TSD. However, unlike the TSD, labeling is intended for all subjects of commercial activity, and for the majority of consumers is practically the only available means of commodity information. Therefore, in the labeling the proportion of commercial information is much less.

The identifying function of marking is extremely important because it allows you to track the consignment at all stages of the distribution.

Depending on the place of application, there is a distinction between production and trade markings. Consider each of them in more detail.

Marking must comply with the requirements of standards and other regulatory documents. Requirements for production labeling are set mainly by the standards for labeling and packaging, as well as the general technical conditions of product standards. Requirements for trade markings are less developed than for production ones. Separate trademark labeling requirements are established by the Rules of sale of certain groups of food and non-food products, as well as regional retail trade rules. Marking has general and specific requirements for product information. General requirements are governed by the Federal Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".

General requirements for labeling goods:

1. labeling must be provided by the supplier of the goods, whether it is the manufacturer, importer or other organization that is responsible for the quality of the labeling and the accuracy of the information contained therein in accordance with the applicable law

2. the composition and content of the labeling of goods must be sufficient to ensure the safe handling of them; information required for marking is obtained from sources competent in matters relating to marking information, and (or) as a result of the necessary independent research (tests) conducted in accordance with current regulatory and technical documentation;

3. marking should be clear and legible, and also stand out or be placed against a contrasting background in relation to the color of the package (product);

4. labeling should be resistant to climatic factors;

5. labeling should be maintained for the entire permissible period of use of the goods, for which methods of applying and manufacturing labels (tags, plates) should take into account the characteristics of the goods being characterized and provide the necessary image quality;

6. if it is practically impossible to ensure labeling of goods using one of the methods acceptable for marking due to the size or nature of the product (package), the relevant information should be set out in the accompanying documentation for each unit of product;

7. Specific requirements for marking information, the place of marking, methods of its application, the quality of the marking and its control are established in the regulatory and technical documentation or contracts for the supply of products; in doing so, unnecessary or unnecessary labeling should be avoided, since it can help reduce the importance of the information that is vital.

Marking-specific requirements:

1. clarity of the text and illustrations;

2. visibility;

3. the uniqueness of the text, its compliance with consumer properties of the goods;

4. accuracy - the information on the label should not mislead the recipient and the consumer regarding the quantity, quality, manufacturer, country of origin; use for marking indelible dyes permitted for use by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

Production marking - text, symbols, or drawing, put by the manufacturer (performer) on the goods and (or) packaging and (or) other information carriers.

Production marking carriers can be:

1. label (from fr. Etiquette) - informational and advertising sheet edition, a label on something, for example, on packaging, with a factory or trade stamp containing brief information about this object, made more often from paper, less often - from fabric, foil, appropriate package size; is applied by typographical or other means on the product or packaging, in addition, it can be an independent carrier of information that is glued or attached to the product; for example, the majority of food products packaged under production conditions have a label on the packaging, on which text, drawings and other information are printed by typography; sometimes the label is applied directly to the product, for example, marking on the bottom of the dish, electrical household goods;

2. collier (from fr. Collier) - figured label, carved out of print and usually has a complex geometric shape; stick on the bottle neck (above the label); as a rule, it carries information about the product and the manufacturer, and sometimes advertising text;

3. An insert is a kind of label that differs from them in the direction of product information; designed to provide brief information on the name of the product, the manufacturer (name of the organization, the number of the shift); Sometimes an insert may contain a brief description of consumer properties of a product, primarily a functional purpose, then it acquires additional functions — a leaflet or a prospectus, but, unlike them, the insert’s advertising function is not basic, but realized through the characteristics of the product; These liners are often found in the packaging of various cosmetics; Most often apply inserts to confectionery: candies, cookies, gingerbreads in boxes; for perfumes, cosmetics and medicines; household chemicals;

4. label - a form of a certain form and size made of paper or another material, attached to the product or to its packaging or being an element of the product (packaging); may contain the name of the product, the manufacturer’s company, its address, type, price, date of issue, as well as a number of identifying data; the presence of a label on the product is required; can be used as a price tag;

5. tag - non-adhesive label, sewn or attached to something to the material, product, product; it is characterized by a smaller information capacity, a limited list of information, the absence of pictures;

6. control tape - a carrier of brief duplicate product information, performed on a small tape and intended to control or restore information about a product in case of loss of a label, tag or tag; may be used in addition, less often in exchange for other media; digital or symbolic information prevails, the purpose of which is to indicate the article number of the products, the model number, size, grade, sometimes the article number of fabrics, operational signs;

7. stamp - a seal, a mark imposed on goods in order to indicate the origin, affiliation or for registration;

8. stamp - a carrier of information intended for applying identifying symbols on goods, packaging, labels using special tools of the established form;

There are several ways of stamping and stamping goods and packages: stamping or stamping with indelible paint permitted by the authorities of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; electroclean burning; extrusion of dies; indentation of plastic or casein digits. The most common method used for most products is to apply a stamp or stamp with indelible paint.

The following requirements are imposed on stamps and stamps: clarity of stamp impressions; stability regardless of external influences; the security of the applied methods of stamping and stamping; preservation of the presentation of products and products, which are applied to the stamps and stamps; compliance with the established rules of stamping and stamping.

Trade Marking - text, symbols, or drawing, the manufacturer applied to the commodity (or) cashier's checks, packaging and (or) goods. The carriers of trade marks are price tags, commodity and cash receipts.

In contrast to the production trade marks are applied not to the goods, but to the indicated carriers or operational documents. Another difference between the trademark and the production is its identifying function, which is more associated with the indication of data about the seller, and to a lesser extent - information about the product. This is due to the characteristics of the carriers of trade marking: small size, filling in for each product or purchase, high costs of manual labor for labeling, limited technical possibilities for applying information data. Due to the identifying function, the trademark serves as a basis for making claims to the seller in the event of defects in the goods and damage to the consumer.

The following requirements are provided for the content of trademark carriers:

1. sales receipt: name of the seller, its trademark, the name of the product, its dimensional characteristics (mass, volume length, etc.), the date of sale, price;

2. cash voucher: name of the seller (store or other trade organization), number of the cash register, date of sale cost of each purchase;

3. commodity price tag: name of the product, its manufacturer, grade shelf life, price of goods per unit of measurement.

It is not prohibited to indicate other information (for example, brand names, addresses, phone numbers of sellers, etc.).

Requirements for the content of trademarks are governed by a number of regulations: Rules for the sale of certain types of food and non-food items, Model Regulations on the use of cash registers (details of a cash receipt). The rules also govern the availability and proper design of price tags.

Cash checks and price tags as carriers of trade markings are required when selling all the goods in retail and small retail trade organizations, catering. It is allowed to sell goods without using cash registers and handing over to the buyer a cash receipt in cases specified by the “List of certain categories and enterprises, organizations and institutions that, due to the nature of their business or location, can carry out cash settlements with the population without using cash registers ".

Sales receipts are used only when selling non-food items, and the Rules establish a mandatory procedure for issuing, together with the redeemed cash receipt, a sales receipt indicating the number (name) of the store, the date of purchase, article number, grade, price only when buying radio and electrical goods. When selling fabrics, clothes and shoes to the buyer, along with the goods, cash and sales checks with the designation of the company’s details, the date of purchase, and the price are necessarily issued.

Product Marking Structure

The optimal marking structure includes:

1. verbal information (text), which can occupy from 50% to 100% of the marking area; digital information that is used in conjunction with text is also included in these percentages;

2. pictorial information that can occupy from 0% to 50% of the marking area in the form of drawings, photographs and reproductions;

3. Symbolic information in the form of information signs and bar-coded information (along with numbers, which are also part of bar codes) can occupy from 0% to 30% of the marking area.

Drawing is not always present on the label. To a greater extent it is inherent in the production labeling, to a lesser extent - trade. As an element of marking, the drawing is distinguished by a high degree of accessibility and performs mainly emotional and motivational functions, less often informational and identifying. An exception may be, for example, when information on the use or use of the product is given on the marking of packaging and inserts in the form of drawings.

Information signs (IZ) are symbols intended to identify individual or aggregate characteristics of a product. Information signs are characteristic mainly for production marking. Sometimes IZ information is available only to professionals and requires special decoding. Information signs are characterized by brevity, expressiveness, clarity and quick recognition. The brevity is due to the fact that individual words, letters, numbers, pictures and other symbols can be used as information signs. The expressiveness and visibility of information signs are determined by their shape, color, combination of individual characters that meet the specific aesthetic requirements of consumers. At the same time, some firms aimed at a specific segment of consumers tend to take their interests into account in their trademarks. For example, information signs on sports goods, clothing and footwear for young people contain symbols of famous sports societies, teams, etc. The rapid recognition of information signs is achieved by using common symbols, images of which are often decoded without special knowledge. This is different international symbols depicted on the labels and packaging of textiles.

Information signs used for marking goods

Information signs are symbols intended to identify individual or cumulative product characteristics. The most common type of information signs are the trademark and service mark.

Classification of informational signs:

Trademarks and service marks. In accordance with the RF Law "On Trademarks, Service Marks and Appellations of Origin", a trademark is a designation that can distinguish, respectively, the goods and services of certain legal entities or individuals from similar goods and services of other legal entities or individuals.

Despite the fact that the general idea embodied in the definition of a trademark is understandable and does not cause doubts, its part concerning the homogeneity of goods and services may be, if not challenged, then questioned. This is due to the fact that the term itself allows various interpretations. This item is one of the most poorly worked out not only in Russian, but also in foreign legislation, since it allows for different, sharply differing interpretations from each other.

Forms of expression distinguish the following trademarks:

1. verbal trademarks in the form of a word (s), representing the names of famous people, the names of animals, celestial bodies, fictional words;

2. figurative trademarks - designations in the form of various patterns, symbols, icons, images of objects, animals;

3. volumetric - three-dimensional images;

4. combined trademarks - symbols that combine at least elements of two of the three types of trademarks: verbal, figurative and three-dimensional;

5. sound marks.

For reasons of use: individual and collective, as well as, in some cases, in joint ownership. This type of trademark in Russia can only be registered with foreign applicants.

Individual trademark - a designation registered in the name of a separate legal or natural person engaged in entrepreneurial activity.

A collective trademark is a mark of a union, business association, or other voluntary association of enterprises, intended to denote the goods produced and / or sold by them, which have the same qualitative characteristics.

By degree of fame: a well-known trademark is a trademark known by the majority of the population and associated in its mind with certain goods and services produced by a particular enterprise. Legal protection is limited to homogeneous goods.

It is also proposed to allocate famous trademarks as a special category. Famous is the trademark, which is known to most of the population, is associated with certain types of goods and services, and the protection of the rights granted to them extends to all product groups;

By geographic coverage: local (regional), national and international;

Trademark includes:

1. brand name - is designed to identify the manufacturer. Types of brand names:

company word;

company logo;

2. trademark - brand name or brand name officially registered in the international register;

3. an assortment trademark to identify an assortment of accessories;

4. collective trademark - a trademark of a union, business association or other voluntary association of enterprises that are intended to denote the goods they produce or goods to be sold;

Signs - appellations of places of origin of goods - the name of the country, population, area for designating goods and focusing on its consumer properties (indicated in the shipping documentation). This group of information signs is divided into international and national.

The marks of conformity and quality are protected in the prescribed manner marks that are used in accordance with the legal certification systems. These marks indicate that a product or service conforms to a particular standard.

A bar code is used to automatically identify and record information. Currently, a large number of standards of bar codes of various types are used, called symbolics. Conventionally, they are divided into two groups: commodity and technological.

Commodity barcodes are used to identify manufacturers of goods. They are developed by the International Association of EAN (European Article Number, European Standard Bar Code). In Russia, the organization supporting the standard is the UNISCAN association.

The right to put a code on their products has only those enterprises that are registered in UNISCAN. Otherwise, the use of a bar code is in violation of international rules.

Technological bar codes are applied to any objects for automated collection of information about their movement and subsequent use by consumers. These codes can be used alone or in conjunction with EAN product codes and are intended to provide additional product information. So, on the TV, in addition to its product code, EAN-13 standard contains technological ones: type, serial number, product warranty card number, etc. But more often, technology codes are used to identify various objects of storage locations, containers, parts, assemblies, materials like element of an automated enterprise management system. These standards are developed by the International Barcode Equipment Manufacturers Association AIM. In our country, on the basis of the AIM methodology, national standards for the symbols of bar codes, their locations on products and the quality of application are being developed.

Conclusion

The main requirement for labeling: labeling should not mislead the consumer regarding the composition and properties of the product and give the opportunity to consciously choose the product.

There is a “three D” principle for information: Sufficiency, Availability and Reliability. Reliability and Sufficiency relate to information about a product: its composition, quantity (weight, mass, volume ...), manufacturer data, etc. The requirement of accessibility is presented to the text itself. It should be clear, visual, unambiguous. Inscriptions must be indelible. In addition, they should be as simple as possible graphically, understandable to the user and follow a certain logic to ensure their identification and placement on the marking object. It is advisable to strive to meet the following requirements: the signs must be easily recognizable and understandable, distinct from other signs, and in special cases, tangible; the same signs must have the same meaning regardless of the type of the marked object and its functions.

At the same time, at the initial stages of introducing signs into circulation, taking into account the need for a certain period for memorizing and assimilating the graphic image of the sign and its meaning, it may be considered expedient to accompany the signs with auxiliary text. Especially in cases affecting the safety of people, the environment and material values.

The use of signs is sufficiently effective only when they are adequately understood by consumers and convenient for them. All parties involved in the processes of product creation, packaging, labeling, as well as consumers themselves should work in this direction.

List of sources used:

1. RF Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights"

2. GOST R 51121-97. Non-food goods. Information for the consumer. General provisions.

3. Khodykin A.P., Lyashko A.A., Voloshko N.I. Merchandising non-food goods .: M .: Dashkov and Co., 2006.

4. Khalipov S.V. Customs law (Customs regulation of foreign economic activity). 2nd ed., Amended. and add. - M .: IKD Zertsalo, 2008. - p. 93.

5. http://markerovka.ru/state/markirovka_tovarov_v_rossii_i_zarubezom.html

Annex 1.

Care labeling

Appendix 2.

Symbols used in labeling wallpaper

Appendix 3.

State Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 51121-97

“Non-food goods. Information for the consumer.

General requirements"

(adopted and enacted by the Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation

from 30 december 1997 N 439)

Non-food products. Information for consumer

General requirements

1 area of use

This standard establishes information requirements for the consumer of non-food items.

This standard applies to non-food products of domestic and imported products sold in the territory of the Russian Federation, and establishes general requirements for information about them for consumers.

This standard does not apply to information for consumers of the following industries:

aviation technology;

shipbuilding;

rocket and space technology;

construction industry;

weapons and military equipment;

products and materials of the nuclear industry;

printing products, works of art, individual products of art and folk craft;

perfumery and cosmetic products;

drugs and drugs.

This standard does not apply to information on components and spare parts designed to maintain specific non-food items in working condition and not entering retail trade.

GOST 2.601-95 Unified system for design documentation. Operational documents

GOST R 50460-92 Compliance mark with mandatory certification. Shape, size and specifications

GOST R 1.9-95 State Standardization System of the Russian Federation. The procedure for labeling products and services with a sign of compliance with state standards.

3. Definitions

The following terms are used in this standard with the appropriate definitions:

3.1. non-food goods : A product of the production process, intended for sale to its citizens or business entities, but not for the purpose of human consumption in food by man and (or) representatives of the animal world (hereinafter - the goods);

3.2. consumer : A citizen or business entity who intends to order or purchase, or ordering or purchasing specific non-food products for their own use;

3.3. customer : Business entity that purchases goods not for its own use;

3.4. manufacturer : A domestic or foreign business entity of any form of ownership that produces specific non-food products for their realization in the Russian Federation to citizens or other business entities;

3.5. seller : Domestic or foreign business entity of any form of ownership, realizing specific non-food products;

3.6. specific product : Goods of a certain type and model (brand, style, article, etc.) produced by a specific domestic or foreign manufacturer;

3.7. trademark : A designation allowing to distinguish the goods of some manufacturers from goods of other domestic and foreign manufacturers that are similar in type and purpose;

3.8. date of manufacture : Date, stamped by the manufacturer of the goods and fixing the beginning of compliance of this product with the established requirements;

3.9. shelf life (or service) : The period during which the product is suitable for effective use as intended;

3.10. marking : Information applied by the manufacturer directly to specific products, containers, labels or labels, etc.

Notes . 1. If specific product Packed in a transport or other container in which it will be offered for sale, the date of manufacture should be supplemented with the date of packaging of this product, affixed to the transport container and / or packaging (consumer packaging).

2. After the expiration date, specific goods are considered unsuitable for their use for their direct primary (or functional) purpose. The manufacturer, setting the expiration date, is obliged to guarantee (with full observance of the conditions of storage and transportation) the compliance of specific goods with the safety requirements for the life and health of consumers, environmental safety, physicochemical properties, as well as inform the necessary actions of the consumer after it expires.

3. Shelf life (or service) sets manufacturer specific goods with an indication of the mandatory conditions of storage and transportation.

4. General requirements for consumer information

4.1. The manufacturer or seller must provide timely to consumer and (or) the buyer (hereinafter - the consumer) all the necessary and reliable information about non-food products offered for sale, ensuring the possibility of their competent choice.

4.2. Information for the consumer, depending on the type and technical complexity of the goods, should be presented in the form of a text document (passport, form, application guide, etc.) applied directly to the specific product and / or markings.

4.3. Information for the consumer, provided directly with a particular product, is drawn up in Russian. Information may be fully or partially duplicated in foreign languages, as well as, upon request, in the official languages of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the native languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

4.4. Information for consumer must be uniquely understood, complete and reliable.

4.5. For domestic goods manufactured according to the design documentation, information for the consumer must comply with GOST 2.601.

4.6. Information for the consumer of a particular product must contain the following data:

1. name of the goods;

2. name of the country of manufacture;

3. name of the manufacturer (the name of the manufacturer may be additionally indicated by letters of the Latin alphabet);

4. the main (or functional) purpose of the product or its scope;

5. the rules and conditions for safe storage, transportation, safe and efficient use, repair, recovery, disposal, burial, destruction (if necessary);

6. basic consumer properties or characteristics;

7. information on mandatory certification;

8. legal address manufacturer and (or) the seller;

9. net weight, main dimensions, volume or quantity;

10. composition (completeness);

11. trademark (s) of the manufacturer (if any);

12. date of manufacture;

13. shelf life (or service);

14. designation of a regulatory or technical document according to which the goods are manufactured (for domestically produced goods);

15. information on voluntary certification (if available);

16. information on the mark of conformity of goods to state standards (on a voluntary basis);

17. barcode product (if available);

18. Specific information for consumer (if necessary);

Notes . 1. Sub-paragraphs 1–8 are mandatory for manufacturers and / or sellers to indicate.

2. Depending on the type and technical complexity of the goods, the manufacturer and / or seller has the right to apply all or only a part of subparagraphs 9-18 while providing the necessary and sufficient information for the consumer, including on safety, environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of the goods.

3. for domestic goods information for the consumer, given in accordance with subparagraphs 9-18 , must be supplemented with information in accordance with the requirements of other state standards or other regulatory documents on specific product .

4. Compliance of the goods with the declared information is a mandatory requirement for the manufacturer and (or) the seller.

4.7. Names of goods must comply with the state standards of the Russian Federation, all-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information.

Goods that are not traditional for Russia, imported, must have names that meet international, regional, national standards, and if they are not available, the names adopted in the country of manufacture.

The use in the product name of such characteristics as “Environmentally friendly”, “Radiation safe”, “Made without the use of harmful substances” and others that have an advertising character is allowed only with reference to a regulatory or technical document manufacturer which establishes the method of verification (control) and allows the identification of these characteristics of the goods, as well as upon confirmation by the competent authorities.

4.8. The name of the country of origin of the goods is indicated by the UN name of the country.

If a product manufactured in one country undergoes further technological processing in another country, which changes its properties and (or) turns it into the final finished product, then when applying information this other country should be considered as the country of manufacture of this particular product.

4.9. In the information for consumer product should use the official name of the manufacturer and its legal address.

If the manufacturer of the goods is not at the same time a packer and / or exporter, then along with the name of the manufacturer and his address, the packer and (or) the exporter and their legal addresses must be indicated.

The name of the manufacturer, packer and / or exporter can be written in Latin letters with the simultaneous obligatory indication of the name of the manufacturer in Russian letters, ensuring correct pronunciation in Russian.

4.10. The main (or functional) purpose of the domestic product or the area of its application (operation or use) must be communicated to the consumer in full compliance with the regulatory or technical document for the goods supplied.

4.11. Terms and conditions for safe storage and transportation of goods must be communicated to consumer in full compliance with the requirements of a regulatory or technical document for the goods supplied.

4.12. The terms and conditions for the safe and technically efficient use of the goods must be communicated to the consumer in full compliance with the requirements of the regulatory or technical document for the goods supplied.

4.13. The terms and conditions of safe and technically effective repair, restoration of the goods must be communicated to the consumer in full compliance with the requirements of the regulatory or technical document for the goods supplied.

4.14. The terms and conditions of environmentally safe and technically efficient disposal, burial, destruction of goods (if necessary) must be communicated to the consumer in full compliance with the requirements of the regulatory or technical document for the goods supplied.

4.15. The basic consumer properties and characteristics of domestic goods must be communicated to the consumer in full compliance with the requirements of the regulatory or technical document of the manufacturer.

4.16. The manufacturer applies the information on mandatory certification of goods (for goods subject to mandatory certification in Russia) in the form of a conformity mark GOST R 50460 .

4.17. The net mass, basic dimensions, volume and quantity of goods must be indicated for the consumer or buyer in the metric system of measures (international system of units).

4.18. The composition (completeness) of the goods must be presented in the form of a list with the name "Composition" or "Completeness".

Information on the health and medical purpose of the product, the absence of harmful effects on the life and health of people and representatives of the animal world or its other special characteristics is provided with the permission of the competent authorities.

4.19. Trademark (trademark) of the manufacturer of the goods is affixed directly to the goods, packaging, as well as on labels or labels.

4.20. The shelf life (or service) is calculated from the date of manufacture and is indicated directly on the product, transport container, packaging (consumer packaging) using one of the following typical formulations:

1. "Valid for ... (days-months-years)" or

2. "It is valid to ... (day-month-year)", or

3. “Use up to ... (day-month-year)”.

4. "Service life ... (years-hours-cycles, etc.)".

Notes . 1. Taking into account the specifics of specific products in their information for consumer indicate the shelf life and shelf life (or service) or only shelf life (or service) goods.

2. For goods with practically indefinitely long (long-term) technically feasible storage periods, their shelf life or storage periods in the information for the consumer are not indicated, but are set (if necessary) in the supply agreement (contract) or in the purchase agreement (contract) -sales

3. The manufacturer is obliged to indicate the expiration date, if this product is included in the List of goods approved by the Government, for which the expiration date is mandatory.

4.21. The information for the consumer of domestic goods should indicate the designation of the regulatory or technical documentation on which it is produced.

4.22. Information on the compliance of domestic goods with the requirements of state standards is applied on a voluntary basis in the form of a conformity mark in accordance with GOST R 1.9.

4.23. Information on voluntary certification of goods (for goods that are not subject to mandatory certification in Russia) is put in the form of a mark of conformity adopted in a particular officially registered voluntary certification system.

4.24. Domestic goods are marked in the prescribed manner with other signs adopted in the Russian Federation.

4.25. The barcode product code, confirming its identification (by voluntary initiative and independent decision of the manufacturer or at the request of the consumer and (or) seller), is applied to the product, container and (or) packaging according to the rules established by the European Association of Commercial Numbering (EAN).

4.26. The product may be accompanied by specific information for the consumer (if necessary), for example, advertising information characterizing the special properties or advantages of this product in comparison with similar products, license signs, cost-effectiveness signs, enhanced security and others.

5. Location information

5.1. Information may be placed in one or several places that are easy to read.

5.2. The manufacturer, the seller, the packer must always have information for the consumer of the goods in the same place of the commodity unit, container, packaging.

5.3. With small units of packaging, packaging, on which it is technically difficult to place the necessary information text for the consumer of the product completely, as well as on souvenir and gift items, data characterizing the product, or part of them on the package insert attached to each unit of packaging, is allowed packaging or group packaging, or in the accompanying documentation for the goods supplied.

6. Ways to provide information to the consumer and requirements

to the quality of its performance

6.1. Consumer information can be applied in any way, but in all cases should be clear and easy to read. The same goals should be achieved using the most effective color range.

Safety requirements for storage, transportation, use, disposal, burial, destruction should be separated from the rest of the information in other fonts, colors or other means.

If the container in which the goods are placed is covered with additional packaging, then the information on the inner packaging should be easily readable through the outer packaging or the outer packaging should have similar information.

The means of applying information in contact with the product should not affect its quality, should provide durability markings during storage, transportation, sale and use of goods.

6.2. The safety of information for products used in conditions of active environmental exposure or in special conditions (high or low temperature, aggressive environment, etc.) must be provided by one of the following methods or their combination:

1. using a material-resistant material (moisture-resistant, temperature-resistant, etc.);

2. using the appropriate method of application (extrusion, etching, etc.);

3. using a resistant to the shell (transparent film, package, box, etc.).

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