Geographical position and zoning of the Khabarovsk Territory. Physical and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory. Geography materials

annotation

In the course work "Economic and geographical characteristics

Khabarovsk Territory ”I considered a comprehensive assessment

edges in all its diversity and from different sides. The economic

geographical position of the region (profitability of EGP), given the economic

assessment of natural conditions and resources (TSPR), considered

demographic situation and labor resources of the region (calculated coefficient

correlation), the economic assessment was carried out (the coefficient was calculated

specialization, a diagram of the energy production cycle has been drawn up) and

transport (characteristics of certain types of transport, calculation

density of transport routes) complexes of the region, analyzed

environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory (the level of impact

of each individual city on the natural environment) .The purpose of this work

is the consideration of the Khabarovsk Territory, as a structural unit of TOPS

country with natural resources, demographic and

economic potential.

Pages 52

Tables 11

Drawings 6

Bibliographic sources 13

Introduction ………………………………………………………………… ..1

1. Economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory ……… .7

2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources ……….… 11

3. Population and labor resources …………………………………… ..17

4. The economic complex of the Khabarovsk Territory …………………… ..21

5. Transport complex of the Khabarovsk Territory ……………………… 37

6. Environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory …………………… ..42

Conclusion.

Bibliographic list.

Introduction

Khabarovsk Territory is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation. In the West and in the North, the Khabarovsk Territory borders on the subjects of the Russian Federation - the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, the Republic of Sakha and the Magadan Region. The eastern border of the region runs along the territory of the Okhotsk and Japanese seas, dividing the water possessions of the Khabarovsk region and the Sakhalin region. To the south of the region are the Primorsky Territory and the PRC. The Khabarovsk Territory is part of the Far Eastern Economic Region.

The territory of the region occupies 4.6% of the area of \u200b\u200bRussia. More than half of the region's area is occupied by plateaus and mountains reaching in some places 2500 m. A well-developed river network allows the use and development of river navigation, and hundreds and thousands of lakes in the region are rich sources of fish. The climate in the region is moderate, monsoon, the average temperature in summer does not exceed +24 o C in the southern part of the region and +15 o C in the north, in winter - -23 o C in the south and -40 o C, on the coast: -18 o C and -24 o C, respectively. Annual precipitation is 400 - 600 mm in the north and 600 - 800 in the south, in the mountains this figure sometimes reaches 1000 mm.

Khabarovsk Krai includes 17 administrative districts and two cities of regional subordination: Khabarovsk (with a population slightly exceeding 612 thousand people) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur (about 298.5 thousand people). In general, there are 7 cities, 27 urban-type settlements and 186 rural administrations in the region. More than 1571 thousand inhabitants live on the territory of the region, about 81% of whom are urban residents.

Khabarovsk Territory is located in the south of the Russian Far East. There are two most important factors that determine the position of the Khabarovsk Territory in the system of Russian regions. First of all - the special economic and geographical position of the region.

The second factor is a powerful resource potential. Khabarovsk Krai is one of the richest regions of Russia. This gives him the opportunity to occupy an important place in the country's economy in a number of raw materials positions.

Land, water and air routes pass through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, connecting the interior regions of Russia with the Pacific ports, and the countries of the CIS and Western Europe with the states of the Asia-Pacific region.

The purpose of this work is to consider the Khabarovsk Territory, as a structural unit of the TOPS of the country, which has natural resource, demographic and economic potential.

The objective of the study is to show the current state of the natural, social and sectoral components of the regional economy.

1. Economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Khabarovsk Krai is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation on the territory of 788.6 thousand km 2 (4.6% of the area of \u200b\u200bRussia). The distance from the regional center of Khabarovsk to Moscow is 8533 km. The total population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average density is 2.2 people / km2 - one of the lowest among all subjects of the Federation.

Khabarovsk is the main and largest city in the Khabarovsk Territory. Founded in 1858 as a military post in Khabarovka (named after the Russian explorer E.P. Khabarov). From 1880 - the city of Khabarovka, the administrative center of the Primorsky region, from 1884 - the Priamursk governor-general. In 1893 the city was renamed to Khabarovsk. A river port was built in Khabarovsk in 1872. The first elementary school was opened in 1873. In 1897, Khabarovsk was connected by rail with Vladivostok. At the end of the XIX century. in Khabarovsk there was a stone Orthodox cathedral, 3 Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, 11 schools, including a real one, a cadet corps, a technical railway, a women's gymnasium, and others. There was a fur trade. A steam mill and several brick factories were in operation. In 1891, a monument was opened to Count N.N.Muravyov-Amursky, the governor-general of Eastern Siberia (he led expeditions across the Amur in 1850-55). In 1894 the Priamursky (Khabarovsky) department of the Russian Geographical Society with a museum and a library was created. In 1902 the Arsenal military plant (now Daldizel) was founded in Khabarovsk. In 1908, the base of the Amur Flotilla was created. At the beginning of the XX century. Khabarovsk is a large shopping center in the Far East. In 1916, a railway bridge was built across the Amur, connecting Khabarovsk with Eastern Siberia by rail. In November 1922, Khabarovsk, as part of the Far Eastern Republic (FER), became part of the RSFSR. From 1926 - the center of the Far East, from 1938 - the Khabarovsk Territory. In 1940 it was connected by railroad through Volochaevka station with Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The distribution of the population over the territory of the region is extremely uneven: the southern part is most densely populated (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least densely populated is the northern (Ayano-Maisky district - 0.03 people / km2).

78% of the population lives in cities and 22% in rural areas. There are 7 cities on the territory of the region, among the largest are Khabarovsk (612 thousand), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (315 thousand), Amursk (60 thousand), Nikolaevsk-on-Amur (37 thousand)

Representatives of about 100 nationalities live in the region: Russians (86%), Ukrainians (6.2%), Belarusians (1.1%), Tatars (1.0%), Jews (0.8%), Koreans (0, 5%) and others.

The number of able-bodied people employed in the forestry complex is 22.2 thousand people or 4.6%.

Industry plays a leading role in the economy of the region (60% of the total regional product). The region produces 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far East and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking, food processing, forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, and construction materials.

The share of forestry products in the total industrial production of the region is estimated at 3%, which roughly corresponds to a similar indicator among other multi-forest regions of Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of all commercial timber harvested in the Far East, 35% of sawn timber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboards, 65% of cardboard.

The main enterprises of the complex are concentrated in its southern and central parts and gravitate towards railway transport routes and the sea coast.

At the same time, over the past 10 years, the forestry complex of the region has experienced a serious decline: the volume of timber removal has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of lumber - 11 times, wood-based panels - 8 times. The structure of timber industry in the region is characterized by an extremely low level of processing of wood raw materials. Round timber (sawlogs, veneer logs and pulpwood) are almost entirely exported. This makes the economy of the forestry complex completely dependent on price conditions in foreign markets, and, above all, in Japan.

Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation. Its area is 12.7 percent - of the Far Eastern Economic Region. The territory of the region stretches from north to south for almost 1800 kilometers and from west to east for 125 - 750 kilometers. The distance from its center to Moscow by rail is 8533 km, and by air - 6075 km. The region is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk and Japanese (Tatar Strait) seas. The length of the coastline (including islands, the largest of which

Shantarskie) - 3390 kilometers.

On the coast of the Tatar Strait, there are water areas convenient for the construction of ports - Chikhachev Bay, Vanino Bay, and especially a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected and extensive bays that form the Sovetskaya Gavan Bay. This bay, as well as the neighboring Vanino bay, are accessible for ships in winter as well. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network. Most of it belongs to the basin of the Pacific Ocean (rivers of the Amur basin), a smaller part - to the basin of the Arctic Ocean (rivers of the Lena basin). The territory of the region in the north is 430 km from the Arctic Circle, and the southern tip is located on a parallel running north of the island of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and slightly south of Rostov-on-Don.

The Khabarovsk Territory has common borders with all the administrative units of the Far East, or at least exits to them. In the West, it borders with the Amur Region, in the north-west with the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the north with the Magadan Region, in the east with the Sakhalin Region, from which it is separated by the waters of the Tatar Strait, the Nevelsky Strait and the Amur Estuary, in the south - with the Primorsky Territory and in the southwest - with the People's Republic of China. The border with China runs along the Ussuri River, Kazakevichevo channels, then along the Amur. Its length is hundreds of kilometers. The border of the Khabarovsk Territory has access to the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, transport and economic links with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions are carried out. The economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory is very peculiar. On the one hand, this is the region most separated from the Center of Russia, with which connections are very difficult: the Trans-Siberian Railway remains the only land route, on the other hand, it is Russia's access to the Pacific Ocean, to the now rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, where more than half of the world's population. Relations between the countries of this region are now strengthening, and it is undesirable for Russia to stay away from this.

Khabarovsk Territory was formed in 1938. It is one of the largest constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of size. Its area is 787.6 thousand square meters. km, or 4.6 percent of the territory of Russia (4th place in the Russian Federation) and 12.7 percent of the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (hereinafter also referred to as the “Far Eastern Federal District”) (2nd place in the Far Eastern Federal District).

The population of the region as of January 1, 2008 was 1,403.7 thousand people (0.99% of the population of the Russian Federation, 21.6% in the Far Eastern Federal District). In terms of population, the region ranks second in the Far Eastern Federal District and 34th in the Russian Federation.

Khabarovsk Territory is an administrative, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of the Far East, and is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Distance to Moscow by rail - 8,533 km, by air - 6,075 km.

Geographical location and administrative structure of the Khabarovsk Territory

Khabarovsk Territory lies in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, stretching from south to north for 1,780 km, from west to east - 125 - 750 km. It shares borders with China, adjacent to the Primorsky Territory, the Amur and Magadan Regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The region is washed from the east by the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan; the straits of the Tatar and Nevelskoye are separated from about. Sakhalin, the length of its coastline is 2.5 thousand km.

The administrative-territorial system of the region includes 236 municipalities, including two urban districts, 17 municipal districts, 29 urban settlements, 188 rural settlements.

The largest cities are the administrative capital of the region: Khabarovsk (577.3 thousand inhabitants, 2nd place in the Far Eastern Federal District), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (272.4 thousand inhabitants, 3rd place in the Far Eastern Federal District).

Natural and climatic conditions and tourist and recreational potential of the Khabarovsk Territory

Most of the territory of the region is occupied by mountains that form the mountain ranges of Sikhote-Alin, Dzhugdzhur, Badzhal. The maximum height is 2,933 m. There are about 1.5 thousand large, medium and small rivers in the region, including one of the largest rivers in Russia - the Amur, many large and small lakes.

There are about 100 species of fish in rivers and lakes. The fauna of the Khabarovsk Territory numbers 70 species of mammals and more than 360 species of birds. Forests cover more than 51.2 million hectares in the region.

The climate of the Khabarovsk Territory is continental with well-defined monsoon features. Winter is long and harsh, dry and sunny. The average air temperature in January ranges from -22 ° C in the south to -40 ° C in the north; on the coast from -18 to -24ºС. Summers are warm and humid, the average July temperature in the south is + 22 ° C, in the north + 14 ° C. The duration of the frost-free period in the south of the region is 130 - 150 days, in the central and northern regions from 90 to 130 days. Annual precipitation ranges from 400 mm in the north to 800 mm in the plains.

The tourist and recreational potential of the region is due to the advantageous geographical location of the region, its economic development, high concentration and variety of natural resources, rich cultural and historical heritage.

The territory of the region is unique in terms of the abundance of unusual landforms, rivers, lakes, a combination of rare plant and animal species and their communities, as well as an untouched natural landscape. There are about 250 natural monuments on the territory of the region. The Amur River is one of the main attractions of the region, in the valley of which the largest number of natural, cultural and historical tourist sites are concentrated.

There are more than 360 cultural heritage monuments in the region that are of interest for the development of cultural, educational, ethnographic tourism. Khabarovsk Krai is one of the most multinational regions in Russia. A special ethnographic area is formed by the small indigenous peoples of the North: Nanai, Udege, Ulchi, Orochi, Evenki, Nivkh and others. Among the objects of ethnographic tourism, the most interesting is the unique archaeological site "Petroglyphs of Sikachi-Alyan" (rock paintings of ancient inhabitants dating back to the 12th millennium BC).

The potential of natural resources of the Khabarovsk Territory

Mineral resource base

Mineral resources potential is one of the main competitive advantages of the region.

The share of the reserves of the main types of minerals of the Khabarovsk Territory in the mineral resource potential of the Far Eastern Federal District is platinum - 50 percent, gold - 8 percent, tin - 20 percent, copper - 50 percent, coal - 7.5 percent ...

There are significant reserves of non-ferrous, rare metals and building materials. Deposits of agrochemical raw materials, colored stones, mineral underground waters, therapeutic mud and mineral paints have also been identified.

In the region, areas have been identified that are promising for tungsten, platinum group minerals, oil and gas.

At the same time, it should be noted that the geological study of the territory of the region is poor. Geological survey of a scale of 1: 50,000, at the stage of which the majority of deposits and ore occurrences are revealed, was carried out on only 35 percent of the territory of the region, which is typical for the Far Eastern region as a whole.

Aquatic biological resources

The main fish resources of the Khabarovsk Territory are represented by freshwater and marine aquatic organisms.

The freshwater resources of the Khabarovsk Territory are mainly associated with the river. Cupid. More than 30 species of fish are of commercial importance, 20 of which are of high commercial value. These are Pacific anadromous salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, char-Dolly Varden char, sima), sturgeon (kaluga and Amur sturgeon), some types of large particles (pike, carp, skygazer, catfish, bighead, taimen, lenok, whitefish, yellow-cheeked, bream). Every year in the inland waters of the region, 5–9 thousand tons of fish are withdrawn by fishing.

In the coastal waters of the Tatar Strait and the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, salmon, Pacific herring (spawning), capelin, flounder, kelp, and crabs are caught. The annual catch of aquatic biological resources in the coastal zone is 34 - 40 thousand tons.

Water resources

The water supply of the population of the region is one of the highest in Russia - about 330 thousand cubic meters. m per person. There are about 206 thousand rivers in the region, including the smallest and the smallest, with a total length of more than 550 thousand km with a total flow of almost 400 cubic meters. km per year. The main waterway - the Amur River - is one of the largest rivers in Russia, ranking fourth in terms of water content after the Yenisei, Lena and Ob. The mouth of the river is accessible for sea-going vessels that can go up the big water to the city of Khabarovsk.

The hydropower potential of the rivers of the Khabarovsk Territory is 23 billion kWh per year.

In the region there are more than 58 thousand large and small lakes with a total area of \u200b\u200bthe water surface of about 4 thousand square meters. km. The largest of them are located in the Amur River basin: Bolon, Orel, Chukchagirskoe. In the region there is a part of the Bureya reservoir with an area of \u200b\u200b373 sq. km, there are 2 reservoirs with a volume of more than 1 million cubic meters. m each.

The predicted exploitable groundwater resources in the Khabarovsk Territory are about 48 million cubic meters. m per day. In total, about 40 deposits have been explored in the region.

Among the mineral waters, the most common are carbonic and nitrogen waters. The most famous are three mineral water deposits: Annenskie thermal springs, Tumninskoe and Mukhenskoe.

Land resources

The area of \u200b\u200bthe land fund of the Khabarovsk Territory as of January 1, 2008 amounted to 78 763.3 thousand hectares, of which agricultural land is 375.8 thousand hectares (0.5% of the territory of the region), the land of settlements - 420.2 thousand .ha (0.5%), forest land - 73 707.4 thousand hectares (93.6%), reserve land - 1,384.1 thousand hectares (1.8%), water fund land - “961.4 thousand hectares (1.2%), lands of specially protected natural areas and objects - 1 646.2 thousand hectares (2.1%), industrial and other special-purpose lands - 268.2 thousand hectares. ha (0.3%).

The total area of \u200b\u200bagricultural land in all categories of land was 665.9 thousand hectares (0.9% of the total land fund of the Khabarovsk Territory).

As of January 1, 2008, 62.8 thousand hectares (less than 0.1% of the land fund of the region) are owned by citizens and legal entities. The share of land in state and municipal ownership amounted to 99.9 percent (78,700.5 thousand hectares).

Forest resources

The Khabarovsk Territory stands out as the country's largest timber region. The timber stock is 6.6 percent of the timber reserves of the Russian Federation and 25.3 percent of the timber reserves of the Far Eastern Federal District.

The main forest-forming species occupy an area of \u200b\u200b44.7 million hectares, including coniferous - 37.5 million hectares (84.1%), hardwood - 1.5 million hectares (3.3%), soft-leaved - “5.7 million hectares (12.6%).

The stock of the main forest-forming species is 4.85 billion cubic meters. m, of which coniferous - 4.27 billion cubic meters. m (88.2%), hardwood - 0.18 billion cubic meters. m (3.6%), soft-leaved - 0.40 billion cubic meters. m (8.2%).

The stock of mature and over-mature stands, which can be exploited, is 1.42 billion cubic meters. m, including conifers - 1.25 billion cubic meters. m (88.5%), hardwood - 81.0 million cubic meters. m (5.6%), soft-leaved - 83.3 million cubic meters. m (5.9%).

The calculated cut (annual release rate) for 2007 was 23.6 million cubic meters. m, including available - 15.4 million cubic meters. m. Actual logging for main use in 2007 amounted to 7.9 million cubic meters. m.

Specially protected natural areas

In the Khabarovsk Territory, 6 state nature reserves with a total area of \u200b\u200b2,107 thousand hectares have been created and are operating, of which 1,699.2 thousand hectares are a reserve zone, a national park with an area of \u200b\u200b429.37 thousand hectares, as well as 5 state nature reserves of federal significance, total which area is 734.2 thousand hectares.

The largest area in the system of regional specially protected natural territories is occupied by 20 state regional reserves - 2,444.9 thousand hectares (3.1% of the territory of the region). Among them, 6 zakazniks have a ichthyological (fishery) profile with a total area of \u200b\u200b334.8 thousand hectares.

In order to ensure the preservation of spatial and genetic relationships and the integrity of the Amur tiger population in the Far East, 4 ecological corridors with a total area of \u200b\u200b156.6 thousand hectares were formed in the region.

In the Khabarovsk Territory, there are more than 60 natural monuments of regional significance. Among them are unique, irreplaceable, valuable in the ecological, scientific, cultural and aesthetic aspects of natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin. The most famous natural monuments of regional significance are the Amut landslide lake in the Solnechny municipal district, the arboretum of the Forestry Research Institute and the Shuranov nursery in the center of Khabarovsk, the Shaman rock outcrop in the Komsomolsk municipal district.

The Red Book of the Khabarovsk Territory includes 310 objects of flora and 159 objects of the animal world.

Economic potential of the Khabarovsk Territory

Khabarovsk Krai is one of the most economically developed territories of the Russian Far East. In terms of the gross regional product, the region ranks third in the Far Eastern Federal District and accounts for 0.9 percent of the total gross regional products in the Russian Federation in 2006. The region ranks 20th in the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product per capita and 2nd in the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of the volume of shipped goods of its own production.

In terms of investment, the region is 1.15 percent in Russia and ranks third in the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the rating agency "Expert RA", the Khabarovsk Territory is classified as a "growth pole" region, which indicates the region's potential for further socio-economic development and improvement of its investment positions.

According to research by the National Institute for Systemic Studies of Entrepreneurship Problems, the Khabarovsk Territory is among the 10 best regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the increase in the number of registered small enterprises per 100 thousand inhabitants as of October 1, 2007.

According to the results of a comprehensive study of the competitiveness of regions, carried out in 2008 by the autonomous non-profit organization "Institute for Regional Policy" with the support of the Ministry of Regional Policy of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk took 19th place out of 82 subjects of the Russian Federation, for which the research was conducted, and entered the group of competitiveness leaders.

According to research conducted in 2007 by the Institute for Development of the Information Society with the support of the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of the Russian Federation, the Khabarovsk Territory took 10th place in the rating of the readiness of Russian regions for the information society.

According to Forbes magazine (June 2008), the capital of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Far Eastern Federal District, Khabarovsk, took eighth place in the ranking of the best cities for business among 85 Russian cities with a population of more than 200 thousand people.

The economy of the Khabarovsk Territory is based on a fairly diversified industrial production, which includes a number of military-industrial enterprises. The volume of shipped products (works, services) of mining, processing industries, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water of the region is more than a fifth of the volume of the Far Eastern Federal District.

The region produces the bulk of engineering products, timber materials, oil products, steel and all rolled steel in the Far Eastern Federal District.

In 2007, the region ranked third in the Russian Federation in the extraction of precious metals and timber export.

The regional transport system is one of the key transport hubs of the Far East region. The transit functions of the region, located in the center of the Far East, are of great importance not only regionally, but also on the national and international level. There are two railway lines running through the territory of the region - the Trans-Siberian and the Baikal-Amur ones, providing access to the main Pacific ports of the country. Between the mainland railway network and about. The ferry service Vanino - Kholmsk operates on Sakhalin.

Khabarovsk International Airport, the largest in the Far East, accepts aircraft of all types. Regular air routes connect Khabarovsk with more than 40 cities in Russia and the CIS countries, air traffic has been established with the People's Republic of China (Beijing, Harbin, Guangzhou, Dalian), Japan (Niigata, Aomori), the Republic of Korea (St. Seoul), Israel (Tel Aviv), Thailand (Bangkok).

With the commissioning of the second stage of the bridge across the river. Amur near the city of Khabarovsk and the Chita - Khabarovsk highway will significantly strengthen the position of the region in road transport, transit of road cargo.

Foreign economic activity has a significant impact on the economy of the region.

* Including the export of petroleum products produced in the region.

In the structure of regional exports, the largest share is occupied by machinery and equipment, oil products, unprocessed timber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, fish and seafood, lumber.

* Excluding export of petroleum products produced in the territory of the region.

The main trading partners of the region are the PRC, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the USA, Vietnam, which accounted for more than 80 percent of the total value of the region's foreign trade turnover.

The largest regional exporters in recent years have been LLC RN - Komsomolsk Oil Refinery, LLC Alliance-Khabarovsk, LLC Khabarovsk Fuel Company, JSC Amurmetall, CJSC Smena-Trading, LLC Dalvtorsyre, JSC Khabarovsk shipyard ", CJSC" Flora ", LLC JV" Arkaim ".

In the structure of regional imports, the largest share falls on textiles, textile products and footwear, machinery and equipment.

Over the past 7 years, the macroeconomic situation in the region has been characterized by the following growth rates in the production of goods and services, investments in the economy and the social sphere (table in „- 1).

Table in „- 1

	Russian V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Federation	Khabarovsk region	Far Eastern Federal V V V V V V V V district
	2007 to 2000 (percent)
Gross domestic product - the sum of regions (gross regional product)
Industrial production index
Fixed capital investments
Agricultural products
Freight turnover of transport
Retail turnover
Real average wages

Moreover, the lag in terms of the industrial production index and gross regional product from the rates in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District was formed due to a sharp decrease in production volumes at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aviation Production Association named after Yu.A. Gagarin in 2006 due to the completion of export contracts, which in previous years accounted for up to 80 percent of the company's production.

The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the Khabarovsk Territory for 2000 - 2007 are given in the appendix in „- 1.

For the period 2001 - 2007 the number of people employed in the economy increased by 59.7 thousand people, the output per one employed in the economy of the region increased by 27.8 percent (in a comparable estimate), by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 54 percent, energy intensity decreased by 31.3 percent.

Investments in fixed assets for this period per one employed in the economy of the region increased by 72.3 percent (in comparable estimates), by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 70 percent.

Payments to the federal budget and the regional budget increased by 2.5 times by one region employed in the economy, by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 33 percent in current prices.

The indicators characterizing the development of the economy in the region are presented in the appendices in „- 2, 3.

In 2006, the gross regional product of the Khabarovsk Territory amounted to 196.2 billion rubles, the growth rate of its real volume to the level of 2005 - 105.3 percent. In 2007, the growth trend of the regional economy continued, according to estimates, the gross regional product amounted to more than 234 billion rubles, with an increase of 7 percent compared to 2006. The average annual growth rate for the period 2001 - 2007 was 105.8 percent.

In the structure of the gross regional product of the Khabarovsk Territory (hereinafter also referred to as GRP), the main place is occupied by mining, manufacturing and production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 25.4 percent in 2006, 18.3 percent falls on transport and communications, 15.2 percent - for trade and public catering, agriculture and forestry - 7 percent, construction - 7.5 percent, transactions with real estate, rent and provision of services - 9.2 percent, other types of economic activity - “17.4 percent.

Historically, an industrial structure of the economy has developed in the Khabarovsk Territory with a fairly diversified industrial production, which includes a complex of military-industrial enterprises.

Demographic and migration potential of the Khabarovsk Territory

As of January 1, 2008, the total resident population of the Khabarovsk Territory was 1,403.7 thousand people, including 1,130.8 thousand people (80.6%) urban residents and 272.9 thousand people (19 , 4%) - rural.

About 80 percent of the territory of the region belongs to the regions of the Far North and equivalent localities, where 43 percent of the population lives. Representatives of 17 indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North live compactly in the national villages of the region. According to the 2002 census, the total number of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North is 23 thousand people (9.4% in the Russian Federation). The most numerous of them are Nanais (8.2 thousand people), Evenks (3.5 thousand people) and Ulchi (2.5 thousand people).

The population is unevenly distributed throughout the region. The specific features of settlement are due to the considerable length of the territory, the remoteness of settlements from the regional and regional centers, and their inaccessibility. The maximum population density is noted in the cities of Khabarovsk - 1,443.4 people per 1 sq. Km. km and Komsomolsk-on-Amur - 908.2 people; the smallest in Ayano-Maisky, Tuguro-Chumikansky and Okhotsky districts - 0.02 - 0.03 person per 1 sq. km. The average population density in the region as of January 1, 2008 was 1.8 people per 1 sq. Km. km, which is 1.6 times higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District, and 4.6 times less than in Russia as a whole.

Of the total population, the population under the age of working age was 16 percent, the working age - 66.1 percent, over the working age - 17.9 percent.

The life expectancy of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2007 was 64.8 years, in Russia - 67.5 years, in the Far Eastern Federal District - 64.9 years.

The demographic situation in the region reflects the average Russian trends of recent years and is characterized by a decrease in the total number and an aging population.

The economically active population is about 54 percent of the resident population.

Distribution of the number of employed in the economy by education level in 2006 (percent of the total number of employed)

Among those employed in the economy, more than 33 percent have a professional higher education, more than 31 percent - secondary vocational education, 21 percent - secondary complete (general), about 9 percent - vocational primary education.

Population migration had a negative impact on the formation of the population potential of the region, with the exception of 2003, in which the region had a positive migration balance in the amount of 554 people, and in 2007, respectively, 1,904 people. In 2007, the positive migration balance is associated with changes in the statistical records of foreign citizens and stateless persons.

Today the demographic potential of the region is insufficient for dynamic socio-economic development and ensuring national security.

Labor resources

Over the period 2000–2007, the number of labor resources in the Khabarovsk Territory increased by 2.7 percent due to an increase in persons over working age employed in the economy by 20.4 percent, an increase in the number of foreign workers by 5.7 times. At the same time, the number of the working-age population decreased by 1.7 percent over the specified period.

In 2007, the number of labor resources in the region amounted to 980.6 thousand people, or 69.8 percent of the total population. The economically active part of the population accounts for about 80 percent of the total labor force, of which 95 percent are employed in the economy.

Economic growth in recent years has led to positive changes in the labor market - an increase in employment and a decrease in unemployment. Over the period 2000–2007, over 100 thousand new jobs were introduced, of which more than 40 percent were in the sphere of small business.

Dynamics of employment of the population in the Khabarovsk Territory (thousand people)

As a result, the employment of the population during this period increased by 8.8 percent, the total number of unemployed decreased by half - from 93.5 thousand people to 44.4 thousand people, the level of general unemployment decreased from 12.2 percent to 5.9 percent from the economically active population (Russia - 6.1%).

In the medium term, the state of labor resources in the Khabarovsk Territory will be determined mainly by the unfavorable development of the demographic situation and in the future may become a limiting factor in socio-economic development.

Ensuring the transparency of the activities of the executive authorities of the region

To increase the transparency of interaction between the executive authorities of the region and civil society in the region, separate elements of "electronic government" are being created.

In 2008, the Web site "Normative legal acts of the Khabarovsk Territory" was put into operation, where the current acts of the Governor and the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory have been posted since 2005, and the information portal of public services, which provides information on more than 80 public services provided citizens, and more than 70 government services provided to organizations. The section "Administrative regulations of public services (functions)" has been created, which contains the approved administrative regulations, draft proposed administrative regulations, on which the population and organizations can give their comments. For 10 months of 2008, there were 128 thousand visits to the pages of this section.

Enterprises and organizations widely use the Procurement section of the Regional Government's Web site, which contains information on ordering procedures (notifications, protocols, etc.) for the supply of goods, performance of work, and provision of services for state and municipal needs of the Khabarovsk Territory. In 2007, there were 1.46 million visits to the pages of this section.

This Web site for entrepreneurs and investors contains information about the availability of free for the organization or expansion of business on the proposed for sale or lease of production areas.

Since 2002, the site "Small Business of the Khabarovsk Territory" has been operating, which contains information of interest to entrepreneurs (regulatory, analytical, statistical, etc.).

Interaction between business and government is carried out within the framework of the work of the Council on Entrepreneurship under the Governor of the Khabarovsk Territory, the interdepartmental council under the Government of the Territory to eliminate barriers to the development of entrepreneurship.

In the Ministry of Economic Development and Foreign Relations of the Khabarovsk Territory, there is a "hotline" organized by the Government of the Territory in 2006 on the elimination of administrative barriers in the relationship of entrepreneurs with federal, regional executive authorities and local government bodies.

Khabarovsk region - a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, located in the Far East of Russia, part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Khabarovsk Territory was educated October 20, 1938 by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the division of the Far Eastern Territory into Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories."

The edge takes territory with an area of \u200b\u200b788 600 km² - 4th place among the subjects of the Russian Federation.

The population of the region -about 1401.9 thousand people (as of 01.01.2009).

Capital - the city of Khabarovsk, population 578.6 thousand people (as of 01.01.2009).

Geographical position

Khabarovsk Territory is located in the eastern part of the Russian Federation, in the Far Eastern Federal District. In the north it borders on the Magadan Region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the west with the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, as well as China, in the south with the Primorsky Territory, in the north-east and east it is washed by the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, in the south-east - by the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan ... Sakhalin is separated from the island by the straits Tatarsky and Nevelskoy. In addition to the main, continental part, the region includes several islands, among them the largest are Shantar. The total length of the coastline is about 2,500 km, including the islands - 3,390 km.

Major mountain ranges - Sikhote-Alin, Suntar-Hayata, Dzhugdzhur, Bureinsky, Dusse-Alin, Yam-Alin. Highest point - Mount Beryl (2933 m), the lowest is sea level.

The territory of the region stretches from south to north for 1,800 km, from west to east - for 125-750 km. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe territory of the region is 788 600 km², which is 4.5% of the entire territory of the country.

The main river is the Amur. There are many small lakes: Bolon, Chukchagirskoe, B. Kizi. Climate: in the south - moderate monsoon, in the north - subarctic; Sod-podzolic, boggy and brown soils are widespread on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. Vegetation: coniferous-deciduous forests with elements of Manchurian flora (ayan spruce, white fir).

What are the geographic coordinates of Khabarovsk? Where is this city located? How is it interesting and unique? Our article will tell about all this.

Khabarovsk: the geographical location of the city

Khabarovsk is one of the largest cities in the Asian part of Russia. It was founded in the middle of the 19th century as a military outpost, however, over time it grew and became an important economic center and transport hub in the Far East.

The city is located within the Central Amur Lowland (in its southern part), not far from the state border with the PRC. By the way, to see the Celestial Empire from here, you just need to climb the high right bank of the Amur. Khabarovsk covers an area of \u200b\u200b37 thousand hectares. The average width of the city is ten kilometers.

Khabarovsk is characterized by a moderate monsoon type of climate. Summers are short and humid here, while winters are snowy and quite cold. Average temperatures of the coldest month of the year (January) reach 20 degrees with a minus sign. About 700 mm of atmospheric precipitation falls in Khabarovsk per year. An amazing fact: the number of sunny days a year in Khabarovsk is about 300, which is three times more than in St. Petersburg, and four times more than in Moscow.

Khabarovsk: 8 interesting facts

• It is one of the most multinational cities in Russia (it is home to representatives of 32 nations and ethnic groups).
• Over the past decade, Khabarovsk has been recognized three times as the most comfortable city in the country.
• The 5000 ruble banknote depicts the monument to Muravyov-Amursky, which is located in Khabarovsk.
• the longest bridge in Russia is located (its length is 2.6 km).
• By its area, the city is one of the five largest in the country.
• Khabarovsk is located just 17 kilometers from the Chinese border.
• In 2010, the authoritative Forbes magazine ranked Khabarovsk in second place in terms of ease of doing business among Russian cities.
• There are four consulates of foreign countries in Khabarovsk: China, Japan, North Korea and Belarus.

Exact coordinates of Khabarovsk

It is impossible to find out where this or that settlement is without knowing its exact coordinates. The table below contains all the necessary information to determine the geographical location of the city of Khabarovsk.

Thus, the city of Khabarovsk is located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth, in the tenth time zone (UTC + 10). The time difference with Moscow is 7 hours. The distance from Khabarovsk to the Russian capital is about 6,000 km by air, and 8,500 km by rail.

The Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest administrative-territorial entities of the Russian Federation in terms of size, located in the central part of the Russian Far East. The territory of the region stretches from south to north for 1,800 km, from west to east - for 125-750 km.

The distance from the administrative center to Moscow by rail is 8,533 km, and by air - 6,075 km.

The total population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average density is 2.2 people / sq. Km - one of the lowest among all subjects of the Federation.

Khabarovsk is the main and largest city in the Khabarovsk Territory.

The distribution of the population across the territory of the region is extremely uneven: the southern part is most densely populated (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km 2), the least densely populated is the northern part (Ayano-Maisky district - 0.03 people / km 2). 78% of the population lives in cities and 22% in rural areas.

Currently, the Khabarovsk Territory includes 236 municipalities: 29 urban settlements, 188 rural settlements, 2 urban districts (Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur), 17 municipal districts.

The largest cities are Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Amursk, Sovetskaya Gavan, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

Industry plays a leading role in the economy of the region (60% of the total regional product). The region produces 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far East and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking, food processing, forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, and construction materials.

The share of forestry products in the total industrial output of the region is estimated at 3%. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of all commercial timber harvested in the Far East, 35% of sawn timber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboards, 65% of cardboard.

The main enterprises of the complex are concentrated in its southern and central parts and gravitate towards railways and the sea coast.

At the same time, over the past 10 years, the forestry complex of the region has experienced a serious decline: the volume of timber transported has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of lumber - 11 times, wood-based panels - 8 times. The structure of timber industry in the region is characterized by an extremely low level of processing of wood raw materials. Round timber (sawlogs, veneer logs and pulpwood) is almost entirely exported. This makes the economy of the forestry complex completely dependent on price conditions in foreign markets, and, above all, in Japan.

The region is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk and Japanese (Tatar Strait) seas. The length of the coastline (including islands, the largest of which are Shantar) is 3390 kilometers.

On the coast of the Tatar Strait, there are water areas convenient for the construction of ports - Chikhachev Bay, Vanino Bay, and especially - a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected and vast bays that form the Sovetskaya Gavan Bay. This bay, as well as the neighboring Vanino bay, is accessible for ships in winter.

The region is characterized by a well-developed river network. Most of it belongs to the Pacific Ocean basin (rivers of the Amur basin), a smaller part - to the basin of the Arctic Ocean (rivers of the Lena basin).

The territory of the region in the north is 430 km from the Arctic Circle, and the southern tip is located on a parallel running north of the island of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and slightly south of Rostov-on-Don.

The Khabarovsk Territory has common borders with all the administrative units of the Far East, or at least exits to them. In the West, it borders with the Amur Region, in the north-west with the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the north with the Magadan Region, in the east with the Sakhalin Region, from which it is separated by the waters of the Tatar Strait, the Nevelsky Strait and the Amur Estuary, in the south - with the Primorsky Territory and in the southwest - with the People's Republic of China. The border with China runs along the Ussuri River, Kazakevichevo channels, then along the Amur. Its length is hundreds of kilometers. The border of the Khabarovsk Territory has access to the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. Transport and economic links with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions are carried out through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory - Vanino. The economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory is very peculiar. On the one hand, this is the most distant region from the center of Russia, with which connections are very difficult: the Trans-Siberian Railway remains the only land route, on the other hand, this is Russia's access to the Pacific Ocean, to the now rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, where more than half of the world's population.

The main restrictions on the development of the Khabarovsk Territory are associated with transport problems caused by an insufficiently developed system of intraregional communications. The next set of problems is associated with the strong dependence of the region's economy on the financial situation of one enterprise - KNAPO. A significant share of the shadow economy in the structure of the population's income also hinders the development of the region. The prospects for the development of the Khabarovsk Territory are determined by the improvement of the transport network of the region, reduction of dependence on one large commodity producer through the diversification of production in mechanical engineering, the development of agriculture in the region to ensure food independence from other regions. An attractive direction of development for the region is recreational activities.