The first glance at Mikola II. Emperor Mikola II yak Orthodox sovereign Mikola 2nd political look

The rest of the Russian tsar became one of the quiet number of people, as a whole, and even more willing to accept the will of his squad. Without a doubt, Oleksandra Fedorivna was the strongest and most important specialty in the family; The same vyrіshuvala everything, as well as the family rights, from the budget to trips, and robbed the price with a typical nimetskoy runtovnіstu.

However, Mykola II is wonderfully rosy, and the politician's squad has become more competent. Here vona appeared to herself as a zealous Orthodox Christian woman, vvazhayuchi tsar "anointed of God"; It’s enough to explain and be true to the situation.

Oleksandra Fedorivna seized the prerogatives of the non-intertwined tsarist power and often allowed herself to get involved in food from the virgin sovereigns. At the same time, the queen's intelligence began, she took her infallible strength to her character for her infallibility.

If I have appeared on the stage, I know that I’m going to try to show it. Oleksandra Fyodorivna respected that because of the “miraculous” power of the “elder”, she could see the serious problems that were pushing the land.

The special tragedy of Mykoly II was in the fact that the sovereign was completely transverse, "wicked people", and that it was not possible to grow up to the height of its predecessors, but to continue its tradition. All yogi life boiled over a permanent manifestation of "perfection".

Mykola II buv is more kind, a little weak and supercilious about his actions; I’m not willing to accept these global problems, as the monarch needs. Win buv one from the bagatokh, a human order, in which, perhaps, more than ever, and having repaired it in such a way, as they told him his reconciliation, his conscience and faith in God. Ale tsikh numerical positive feelings Bulo has fallen into disrepair at the one who utrimates such a bezelless empire, like Rosiya.

If the period of Tsar Mikoli II was in the United States, he started to work, but in twenty-three times the tsars provoked significant reforms and gave overwhelmingly abundant possibilities for the expansion of revolutionary ideas. Ale, who was going to reform, was blamed for that because of that, the opposite was happening; for example, even though the Duma felt it, all was well, so that the tsar still firmly adhered to the positions of absolutism.

The tragedy of weakness, inadequacy and negligence will fit into the current tradition. Tsar viklikak spіvchuttya: tse bula lyudin tragic valley, yak is not small, however, rice tragic hero. Having passed over a little bit of something, bachiv, the land will come close to collapse, even without knowing it, like a child. I robbed that very pardon: from one side, washes for actions, and from the other - he repaired thoughtlessly and harshly, primed with imperial prerogatives.

Among them there was only one bully, as if they were not Volodya of the European monarchs: in Russia, repaired by Peter I, the tsar and God will bully to the same understanding. Petro voted for himself the head of the church, belittling the role of patriarch. Not a little of great significance, for the Russian tsars, including Peter I himself, will be able to reach everything as cynical and in what sense atheists. They are far from being "Orthodox" behavior, and they were very special: for the children it is important that the symbolic Vlada Bula was seen at the church of the patriarch, the representative of Orthodoxy.

Mykola II firmly believed in the formula “the anointed of God”, the founders of yakyi vіdpovіvіvіvі for tіlkі power tіlki before God. Tsar call not respecting the "anointing" with a simple metaphor, I may not be intertwined - as I think - in power, thinking that it is worthwhile to think that it will please the people. Written by the Russian campaigner Nina Berberova in her autobiography "Kursiv my" write that Mykola II will firmly overthrow: the Lord has killed him with his "anointed one"

Singing lightness and non-turbulence to the character of the bully is an inevitable heritage of surface illumination, as if he had taken the maybutny tsar. Before that, for his nature, Mikola Oleksandrovich didn’t like the essence of speeches, but it’s a sign that it’s important to see what it’s called before, so that they didn’t want to see a guarded lot in your soul.

Yogo decision in galuzy politics bully teeth, the splinters of Mykola II are often unnecessary and irrelevant. Tsar otrimav vikhovannya, type vіyskogo, і having become a slave of deyaky cleverness, ruling the whole middle class. I saw with my head a privileged caste, I wish it sounded paradoxical, evoking the anti-commonplace aspirations of an extremely small group of people, as if with contempt the population was put up to the decision.

Mykola II thought that he was a guards officer - he could call him a “little colonel”, and he was not able to target a “first giant” of a great empire. The whole caste of the Vyskovs was in an anachronistic way of being, that they were consumed without care by those who were in the right place, as well as the right to occupy the first place in the state. Mykola II - elegant, svitsky and vishukaniy, who always became vyskovy, as in his callousness and manners, so when accepting decisions; This will explain the behavior of a true ally of one hundred percent of the land, which entered into a war for Russia.

They said that Mykola II was a wonderful tsar within the framework of the constitutional monarchy, and that it’s so great; like a spirited veyskiy, the king was disdainful of the constitution, having given wide rights to the premier.

3 people Yogo Imperatorska Visokist Grand Duke Mykola Oleksandrovich... Pislya zagibelі dіda, Emperor Oleksandr II, in 1881, having renounced the title of Spadkoєmtsya Tsarevich.

... I’m not figuring, I’m not saying that the tsar didn’t have a soldier’s soul and didn’t cope with that enmity, as it is necessary to raise the spirit and deeply take heart to oneself. It’s impossible to win, but it’s impossible to get it wrong in this particular case, but the best results in the sense of the nasnagi don’t win.

Dignity, sanctification and vikhovannya

Mykola got home education within the framework of the great gymnasium course and at -1890 rocks - for a specially written program, but she combined the course of the sovereign and economic education of the Faculty of Law at the University with the course of the Academy of the General Staff.

The victory of the Maybut Emperor was held under the special certificate of Oleksandr III on the traditional religious basis. The main busyness of Mikoli II was carried out for a retaliatory program of 13 years. First of all rocks is assigned to the subjects of the extended gymnasium course. A special respect was paid to the vivchenny of political history, Russian literature, English, German and French movs, like Mikola Oleksandrovich opanuvav thoroughly. The onset of five rockets were assigned to the institution of the right to rule, legal and economic sciences, necessary sovereign affairs. The lectures were read by prominent Russian academicians from the saints: N.N.Beketovim, N.N. Dragomirov, N. H. Bunge, K. P. Pobedonostsev and I. Yanishev navchav the Tsarevich of canon law at the link with the history of the church, the most important of the names of theologians and history of religion.

Emperor Mikola II and Emperor Oleksandra Fedorivna. 1896 RUR

First two rocks Mykola served as a young officer at the lavas of the Preobrazhensky regiment. For two years, he served in the ranks of the cavalry hussar regiment as an escadron commander, and then the taberniy zbir in the ranks of the artillery. 6 serpnya buv carried out by the colonel. At the same hour, father will introduce him to the course of the administration of the land, ask the brothers for the fate of the former State For the sake of the Cabinet of Ministries. For the proposition of the Minister of Gentry, S. Yu. Vitte Mykola obtained it in 1892 for information to be heard on the right of the sovereigns by the head of the committee for the future of the Trans-Siberian Hall. Up to 23 years of his life Mykola Romanov will be widely covered by people.

The program of the Emperor's education included the rise in the price of the Russian provinces, and he was welcomed at once from the father. To complete the survey, Batko saw a cruiser for the journey to Dalekiy Skhid. In nine months I went with my retinue to Austria-Ugorshchina, Greece, Egypt, India, China, Japan, and finally - by a dry way through the whole Siberia, turning to the capital of Russia. Japan had a quick swing at Mikola (div. Incident in Otsu). A shirt with the beaches of blood is saved in Ermіtazhі.

Osvita dwelt in new with a wide relіgіynіstyu and mysticism. “The sovereign, yak and yogo ancestor - Oleksandr I, who became the head of mystically adjustments” - zgaduval Anna Virubova.

The ideal of the emperor for Mikoli II, tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich Quiet.

Sposib life, zvichki

Tsarevich Mykola Oleksandrovich Girskiy kraєvid. 1886 Painting, water-color Pidpis malunku: “Niki. 1886. 22 linden "Malunok sticking on a mat

For a greater part of the hour, Mykola II is alive from the family in the Oleksandrivskyi Palace. After spending a little time with Krim in the Livadiyskiy Palace. For the reason, it’s also a good time to go on two-day trips around Finnish zatotsi and to the Baltic Sea on the yacht "Shtandart". Having read both easy-to-read literature, and serious science, often in historical ones. Having smoked cigarettes, tyutyun for those who go to Turechchina and nominated them as a gift from the Turkish sultan. Mikola II took pictures, loving to be amazed at the photos too. The photographer also took all of the children. Mikola for 9 years is starting to lead a schooler. In the archives, there are 50 common zoshitiv - the original of the schooler for 1882-1918 rr. Part of їх bulo is published.

Mikola and Oleksandra

The first son of the Tsarevich with the Maybut squad was revived in 1884, and in 1889 Mikola asked the dad for blessing for her, altogether removing the vidmova.

Saving all the leaves of Oleksandri Fedorivnya with Mykola II. Oleksandri Fyodorivnya is missing one sheet, all the leaves are numbered by the Empress herself.

Participants in a reasonable way assessed the Empress.

The sovereign bully is not endlessly kind and not endlessly pitiful. The very power of nature has sponcally caused in manifestations, which gave the foundation to people who intrigued, to people without conscience and hearts, to people who needed power, to recognize that they were both and victorious in the eyes of the masses. self-sacrificed part of the intelligence for discrediting the Tsar's family from their dark and hisistic purposes. The sovereign was attached with all his soul to the people, who were suffering in a great way, or their citizens were playing in front of her. Vona herself overwhelmed her life, and as a witness of a ludin - for her fit with Nicholas' father, and as a mother - for a shy, uninterruptedly cocked blue. To that, she could not help but be put on that blindly to those people, who were approaching her, they were suffering, or they were showing those who were suffering.

... The state, madly, very much and very much loved Russia, as it did, like loving the Emperor.

Coronation

Accession to the throne and ear of ruling

Sheet of Emperor Mikoli II Imperator Maria Fedorivna. 14 Sichnya 1906 Rock Autograph. "Try for me, indecent, of my kind, secretary. Wien of admiration, reasonable and protection at the joy. I give you to read these notes from Witte and because of me and me, and it is clear and clear. The secret is clear!"

The coronation of Mikoli II was seen on the 14th (26th) grassland (about the victims of the coronation tracts of the Moscow Div. "Khodinka"). At the same time, the All-Russian promislov and artist show was held in Nizhny Novgorod, as it was shown. In 1896, Mikola II also went on a great trip to Europe, having made friends with Franz Joseph, Wilhelm II, Queen Victorin (grandmother Oleksandri Fedorivnya). Completion of the trip was the arrival of Mikoli II to the capital of the Union of France, Paris. One of the first personnel decisions of Mikoli II was the building of I. V. Gurka from the seat of the Governor-General of the Kingdom of Poland and the appointment of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus A. B. Lobanov-Rostov letter of death M. K. Girs. The first of the great international acts of Mykoli II was the Potrijna Intervention.

Economic policy

In 1900 Mykola II revolted the Russian war against the suppression of the Ikhetuan rebellion spilo with all European powers, Japan and the United States.

The revolutionary newspaper "Zvilnennya", which I saw behind the cordon, did not pretend its fight: " As soon as Russian will be able to get over the Japanese ... then freedom will be spokynisinko stifled by the cries of hurray and the triumphant empire» .

The heavy encampment of the tsarist district was driven by the Russian-Japanese war and the German diplomacy was sponted in 1905 in 1905 just one more time to see Russia from France and the establishment of the Russian-German union. Wilhelm II propelled Mikoly II to the limestone 1905 rock near the Finnish skerries, the island of Bjorke. Mikola waited a moment and signed the agreement. Ale if I turned to St. Petersburg, I saw it, the image of the world from Japan was already written.

T. Dennett, an American pastor of the era, wrote in 1925:

Few are now vvazhaє, but Japan Bula has been added to the fruit of the peremog. Perevazhaє zvorotna dumka. Bagato hto vvazhaє, so Japan's bully hung right up to the end of the day, and until the end of the day, and so it’s tied up in the light of the crash, or more damage in the exclusion from Russia.

Strike in the Russian-Japanese war (the first for the pivstolittya) and further away from the stranglehold of the revolution of 1905-1907 rr. (later I will appear at the court of Rasputin) they called until the end of the authority of the emperor in the stake of the intelligentsia of the nobility, so that ideas about the replacement of Mikoli II of the second Romanov soared to the middle monarchies.

Nimetsky journalist G. Gants, who is alive at Petersburg for the hour of death, because of the position of the nobility and intellectuals in relation to the relationship: " With a spiritual prayer not deprived of the liberals, but the most conservative conservatives at that hour bulo: "God, help us to be beaten."» .

Revolution of 1905-1907 rockiv

With an ear of Russian-Japanese war, Mykola II tried to cooperate with the suspension of the opposing enemy, having made significant actions of opposition. So, when the eseryvskoy fighter was driving in the Minister of Internal Affairs, V.K. On the 12th of 1904, the decree “On the chairing to the level of the sovereign order” was seen, which examined the expansion of the rights of the zemstvos, insurance of robots, the emancipation of the innocent and inovirts, the establishment of censorship. Immediately the sovereign declared: "I am not happy, in any case, I will not wait for the representative image of the governor, for I am imposing it on the shkidliv for the people who are trusted by me by God."

... Russia has outgrown the form of the current fret. I’m pragmatically building the legal on the basis of community freedom ... It’s even more important to make the reform of the State For the sake of ambushes, we can see participation in this vibrational element ...

Opposed parties accelerated the expansion of freedoms to strengthen attacks on the king's power. On the 9th of June 1905, a great working demonstration was seen in St. Petersburg, as it turned to the tsar with political and socially-economic vimogs. The demonstrators became imprisoned, as a result of which they died a lot. All of them became victims of what they became, according to V. Nevsky's predictions, no more than 100-200 individuals. The land was swept by strikes, the national outskirts were seized. In Courland Lisov brothers welcomed virizati monsters of Germany, in the Caucasus, Virmeno-Tatar Rizanin. The revolutionaries and separatists rejected the idea of pennies and liberation from England and Japan. So, in 1905, in the Baltic Sea, the English steamboat "John Grafton", which transported a few thousand guints for the Finnish separatists and fighters-revolutionaries, was loaded into the Baltic Sea. Became a splinter to rebel in the fleet and at the small towns. The greatest was the breast of the insurrection near Moscow. The water hour is a great rush of nabuv eseryvsky and anarchist individual terror. In all for a few rocky revolutionaries, thousands of officials, officers and policemen were driven in - in one 1906 768 were driven in and 820 representatives and agents of power were wounded.

The other half of 1905 to the rock of the Bula was determined by the numerical winners in the universities and to the spiritual seminaries: through the spell of the bulo, the number of 50 middle spiritual-naval pawns was closed. Acceptance of the 27th hour of the time-honored law on the autonomy of universities, a vicious strike of scholars, which knocked the victories of universities and spiritual academies together.

The announcement of the chief dignitaries about the situation and the way out of the crisis manifested itself vividly before the hour of the secret narads sent by the emperor’s capital, which was introduced in 1905-1906. Mykola II vimusheno pishov on liberalization, having gone over to constitutional rule, in a moment stifling the ozbroєni vistupi. Three leaves of Mikoli II of the Dowager Empress Mary Fedorivna from 19 June 1905:

Інshiy shlyakh - granting huge rights to the population - freedom of speech, seals, seals and spilok and incomplete features; Witte hotter with a walk, talking about it, I want it, protest at once ...

6 sickle 1905 p. bully published a manifesto about falling asleep to the State Duma, the law about the State Duma, and the provision about vibori at the Duma. Ale the revolution, which was gaining strength, easily stepped over the assets of the 6th sickle, at the time of the All-Russian political strike, 2 million people were struck. The commemoration of the 17th anniversary of Mykola signed the Manifest, saying: “1. Grant the population of non-corrosive foundations of huge freedom on ambushes of action-oriented lack of control over specialness, freedom of conscience, speech, and freedom of speech. " 23 April 1906 p. Bulo approved the Basic State Laws of the Russian Empire.

Three times later, a manifestus was asked to amnesty the political prisoners, who were condemned for terrorism, and after a month they passed the censorship in advance.

Three leaves of Mikoli II of the Dowager Empress Mary Fedorivna 27th July:

The people were overwhelmed by the impudence of the zukhvaly of revolutionaries and socialists ... the beginning of the Jewish pogroms. On the other hand, it has become one-of-a-kind, and at once it has become in all places of Russia and Siberia. In England, in an astonishing way, write, that the zaorushenya bouli is organized by the police, as the head is old, know the bike! closed revolutionaries, і pіdpalyuvala їх, drive in the skin, hto go.

On the hour of the revolution, in 1906 rotsi, Kostyantin Balmont wrote the versh "Our Tsar", of the dedication of Mykola II, which appeared to prophesy:

Our king is Mukden, our king is Tsusima,
Our king is a crooked beach,
Smorіd gunpowder and dima,
It’s dark in the yaku rosum. Our king is squalor,
V'yaznytsya and batig, police department, rozstril,
Tsar - shibenik, tim low vdvіchі,
I didn’t see it, but I didn’t see it. Win boyaguz
Ale bude, pay the check hourє.
Hto having settled the king - Khodinka,
Toi finish - stand on the eschafot.

Ten and two revolutions

18 (31) serpnya 1907 to the rock it was signed an agreement with the United Kingdom for the distribution of spheres in China, Afghanistan and Iran. Tse has become an important croc among the Antanti formulas. 17 worm 1910 the fate of the trivial super-cross was heard from the law, which intercepted the rights of the Diet of the Grand Duchy of Finland (div. Russification of Finland). In 1912 Mongolia became a de facto protectorate of Russia, as it rejected independence from China as a result of the revolution, where it was brought up.

Mykola II and P.A.Stolipin

Two of the first sovereign thoughts appeared to be undead to conduct regular legislative work - wiping between deputies from one side, and with a thought with the emperor from one side, - they were not overpowered. So, immediately after receiving the message, in view of the throne promulgation of Mykoly II, the Duma instigated the decisions of the State for the sake of (the upper chamber to the parliament), the transfer to the villagers of their homes (private Romanovs), monastic lands and official lands.

Viyskova reform

Emperor Mikoli II's friend for 1912-1913 rock.

Mikola II and churches

The ear of the XX century was marked by the collapse of the reform, in the course of which church it pushed to renew the canonical conciliar structure, they started talking about the cry to visit the cathedral and the consolidated patriarchate, bully tried to renew the autocephaly of the Georgian Church.

Mykola pododzhuvavsya thought about the "All-Russian Church Cathedral", altered his decision and 31 birch in the additional announcement of the Holy Synod about crying to the cathedral, writing: " I viznay the ill-fated zrobiti ...”That falling asleep to a special (before the meeting) presence at the m. For the revision of the church reform

An analysis of the most common in that period of canonization - Seraphim of Sarov (), Patriarch Hermogenes (1913) and Ioanna Maksimovich (-) allows the process of growing and dying crisis in everybody to pass through the church and state. For Mikoli II bouly canonized:

After a few days of writing Mikoli's news, the Synod published the Timchasov's order sent for help.

Ober-Prosecutor of the Holy Synod N. D. Zhevakhov zgaduvav:

Our Tsar will be one of the greatest ascetics of the Church at the end of the hour, the exploits of which have interceded deprived of him of the high calling of the Monarch. Standing on the rest of the common descent of human glory, the Emperor bolstered the sky above him, as the holy soul pounced on him without a trace ...

Persha svitova viyna

The mandate from the branches of the special naras, in 1915, the Vyskovo-promislovi committees became the ceremonies - the community organizations of the bourgeoisie, which are small in nature.

Emperor Mikola II and the command of the fronts at the previous Headquarters.

For such important strikes of the army, Mykola II, for those who may have lost sight of all the challenges of the future, because of the need to take responsibility from these important minds all the responsibility for the camp of the army, army, from vladi, scho keruh krainoyu, 23 serpnya 1915 took over the title of the Supreme head commander. With a whole part of the uryadovtsy, the army's commanding officers, and the huge policemen were opposed to the decision of the emperor.

During the last few journeys of Mikoli II from Headquarters to St. Petersburg, as well as the lack of knowledge of the power of the Russian army, the command of the Russian army was concentrated in the hands of the chief of staff, General M.V. Aleksov and General V.I. Gurka, who replaced the first one - the ear of 1917 rock. Osinniy zaklik 1916 put 13 million cholovik on the top of the towel, and the second at the winy exceeded 2 million.

In 1916 Mykola II changed some goals for the sake of ministries (I.L. Goremykina, B.V. V. Shtyurmer, A. A. Khvostov and A. D. Protopopov), three ministries of the overseas rights (S.D. A. A. A. D. Protopopova). A. Polivanova, D. S. Shuvaev) and three ministries of justice (A. A. Khvostov, A. A. Makarov and N. A. Dobrovolsky).

Soundtrack

Mykola II, contributing to the situation in the land at the time of the success of the spring offensive of 1917 p. (as soon as they were home at the Petrograd conference), lay a separate light because the enemy didn’t get to the bottom - at the most complete victory, he found the one who won the throne. The pressure on those that Russia could talk about setting up a separate light, bully with a normal diplomatic crowd, pushed the Entente to recognize the need for Russian control over the Mediterranean channels.

Lyutnev revolution of 1917

Viyna struck the system of state-owned calls - in front of the city and the village. The land is hungry. Vlada was discredited by the lance of scandals at the intrigue of Rasputin and this otochennya, as they called them "dark forces." Ale not vіyna gave birth to agrarian food in Russia, nigostrіshі social struggle, conflіcti between the bourgeoisie and tsarism and in the middle of the ruling camp. Mykoli's trickiness to the idea of an indiscriminate autocratic power was bordering on the power of social maneuvering, vibrating the support of Mikoli’s power.

Pisle of stabilization of the situation at the front during the 1916 p. Duma's opposition in the alliance because of the victors among the generals of the army quickly formed a camp for the slaying of Mykoly II and replaced by the king. The leader of the cadets P.N.Milyukov wrote at the breast in 1917:

You know that the firm decision to speed up the coup for the coup has been taken by us without a bargain, for a cob of success. Respect also, they couldn’t check it anymore, they knew that it’s like a letter, or on the ear of grass, our army was guilty of going on the offensive, as a result of which they immediately reprimanded any pretext for dissatisfaction with three times.

The third fierce bulo is clear, Mikoli's expression can be seen from day to day, the date was 12-13 fierce, they said, " great act"- The emperor's message to the throne against the fall of the Tsarevich Oleksiy Mykolajovych, who will be Grand Duke Mikhailo Oleksandrovich as regent.

On the 23rd of 1917, a strike was repaired near Petrograd, after 3 days it became a zeal. On the 27th of the fierce 1917, the insurrection of the soldiers at Petrograd and the formation of the strikers came to the fore. There is also an insurrection in Moscow. The tsarina, yak didn’t be smart, wrote 25 fierce zaspokilivi leaves.

Chergi and strikes in the world are more provocative ... Tse "huliganskiy" ruh, yunaks and children are just enough to get bogged down with screams, as they have a lot of hlib, and robots do not give the winners. Bulo would be even cold, stench, mabut, oodom would be overshadowed. If you’re still going through it and take it easy, as long as the Duma will get along decently

On the 25th of the fierce 1917 manifesto of Mikoli II, the late State Duma was repaired, and it fueled the situation even more. The head of the State Duma M.V. Rodzyanko sent a number of telegrams to Emperor Mikola II about the coming of Petrograd. Tsia telegram Bula otriman in Stavtsi 26 fierce 1917 rock about 22 years. 40 min.

All the while I am reporting your magnificence, that the people have resigned in Petrograd, they are inflating the spontaneous nature of those threatening razmіrіv. The basics of them are the failure of baked bread and the weakness of the baked goods, which inspires panic, but with a big rank I will not trust to the power, to lead the land from a heavy encampment.

Hromadyanska vіyna felt that kindled. ... On the vіyska garnіzon nadії dumb. The spare battalions of the guards regiments are amazed by the revolt ... Punish the word of the legislative chamber at the request of your finest decree ... If the ruch will be transferred to the army ... the emergency of Russia, and then the dynasty - is inevitable.

Zrechennya, posilannya and razstrіl

Ceremony to the throne of Emperor Mikoli II. 2 birch 1917 p. Typescript. 35x22 Mikola; at the left lower cod with black chornil on top of the olivtsy, a scribbled one is written by V. B. Fredericks's hand: Minister of Imperial Court General-Adjutant Count Frederiks.

Sawing a corncob at the capital of the king of war on the 26 of the cruel 1917 fate ordered General Z.Z. Having sent the 27th fierce to Petrograd, General N.I. Ivanova

To suppress the insurrection, Mykola II mutilated 28 fierce revolts near Tsarske Selo, altogether did not fail, having lost the calls to Stavkoy, 1 birch arriving to Pskov, the headquarters of the armies of the Pivnichny front of General M.V. Having taken the decision about the expectation of sinfulness during the regency of the Grand Duke Mikhail Oleksandrovich, in the evening of that day, declaring A.I. Guchkov and V.V. Shulgin about the decision to make a mistake and for the saint. On 2 birch about 23 years 40 khviliin was passed on to Guchkov Manifest about maturity, in which he wrote: “ Our brother's rule is given to us by the right of the state from the main and non-corrosive United Nations representatives of the people».

The bulo was looted especially in the main land of the Romanovs.

The song of death

Consecrated in the face of the saints

Rishennya of the Archbishopric Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church from 20th September 2000: “Glorify you as a passion-bearer among the host of new martyrs and spokesmen for the Russian Tsarskoy Sem'yu: the Emperor Mikoli II, the Emperor's Emperor ...

The act of canonization of the canonization by the Russian suspension is ambiguous: the opponents of the canonization are against, but the protection of Mikoli II to the saints is of little political character. ...

Reabilitation

Mykoli II's philatelic collection

The deyakie memoir dzherels є the testimony of the fact that Mykola II was “crushed with postage stamps”, if the process didn’t get as strong as a photograph. On February 21, 1913, at the tract in the Winter Palace in honor of the Romanov Budinka, the Head of the Head Office of the Post and Telegraph Office, MP Sevastyanov received from the gift of Mikoly II albums in the safian palatines, during the visit of the Romanovs Tse bula collection of materials, knitted from a preparatory series, which was carried out over a span of ten years - from 1912 to rock. Mikola II treasured the tsim as a gift. Seemingly, there is a collection of super-juveniles among the most valuable family deals in Tobolsk, and then in Yekaterinburz, and with him until his very death.

Pislya bend tsar's family The most valuable part of the collection was stolen, and half, which was spared, was sold to some officer of the English army, which is located in Siberia at the warehouse of Antanti. Win viviz її potim near Riga. Here a lot of the collection has been added by the philatelist Georg Eger, who in 1926 has shown the list for sale at auctions in New York. In 1930, once again, the Bula was displayed at the auction in London - її became the master of the title of the Russian government brand. Obviously, the Goss herself is a non-abiyak, who bought it at auctions and in private particulars of materials. In the auction catalosis of 1958, the collection of Goss describes how "the miracle and the unique collection of samples, edits and those ... from the collection of Mikoli II".

By order of Mikoli II, at the town of Bobruisk, the bulo was copied to Zhynoch Oleksiyivska Gymnasia, now the Slovenska Gymnasia

Div. also

Sim'ya Mikoli the Other

art literature:

E. Radzinsky. Mikola the Other: life is that death.
R. Mass. Mikola and Oleksandra.

Іlustratsії

Portrait of the Emperor Mikoli II of the robot Ernst Lipgart. 1896

Portrait of Mikoli II robot Illy Galkin. 1898.

The king of gold is a five-ruble coin. 1899.

Emperor Mikoli II's friend for 1895-1896 rr.

The external text of the abstract of the dissertation on the topic "Look at politics and the power of Mikoli II"

As a manuscript

Shishlyannikova Galina Ivanivna

Specialty: 07.00.02 - Vichiznyana History

dissertation on the scientific level of the candidate of historical sciences

PRO JUL 2090

Tambov - 2009

Robot viconan at the State Institution of Professional Education "Russian State Trade and Economic University" Voronezka Philia

Naukovy Kerivnik: Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor

Volodymyr Oleksiyovich Tonkikh

Officials: Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor

Iskra Leonid Mikhailovich

Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Konchakov Roman Borisovich

Provincial organization: Voronez state

pedagogical university

Zahist dissertatsiya will be "3 (? Y> worm y / (Years on the last specialization for DM 212.261.08) at the Tambov State University Im. Derzhavina at the address: 392002 r. Tambov, bud. 6 dissertations

The dissertation can be learned from the scientific library of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavina

Presentation secretary of the special education for the sake of DM 212.261.08 Ph.D., associate professor

E.A. Morozova

ZAGAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ROBOT

The relevance of those who have been informed. In this hour, the problem of the history of the formulation and development of the political glances of Emperor Mikoli II and of his sovereign power is growing and it will begin with the onset of circumstances:

The processes involved in all spheres of modern Russia, have changed a lot in our life, have tried to reconsider more of the problems in the history of the past, more respectfully we have been able to think about it in the past, in the future.

The share of our power began with historical circumstances, the protest of specific features, especially the noses of the power, once it was majestic, most often the great role of the history of the state, the suspension. The scientific development of political intelligence, with a glance, allowing you to know the sound of the hour and the history of the history, necessary for the current stage;

Writing the canonization of the royal family from the interest of the special features of the last Russian emperor Mikoli II (1894 - 1917). At the junction of the cim, he announced to finish the richly vivid kind of vision and publication of the polar points with a glance at the political power and political look of the monarch. In protest of the argumentation and analysis of the whole problem, it is not very subjective, but it is just tendencies. Necessary obedience to the vivchennya of the historical period of the end of the XIX - the ear of the XX century, the moment and the role in the new Mykoly II as a prominent political action of the dobi;

During the period of the 22nd rule of Mykoly II, the Russian support was carried out by the reformatory come, changes and re-creation, in which gravel wines I will not stop the role. Moreover, Russia has experienced a whole range of low pre-historic historical days - the First Russian Revolution of 1905 - 1907 years, took part in two countries: from Japan (1904 - 1905 pp.) And from the First Holy Revolution of 1905 - 1907 years. With the im'yam of Mikoli II, the crisis of autocracy in Russia was tied, as it became a significant world of the inherited rulership and as it was so, and it didn’t take place.

The stage of development of the problem: Historical base, Vikoristan before the hour of writing the dissertation, is presented by the recent history of foreign and foreign history.

The first group was informed about the political look and the activity of Mykoly II appeared in the period of the last rule in the first rock of the world (1896 - 1919 rr.). For this stage, the development of the history of the bully is characteristic of practice, in which the propaganda of the political course (up to the cruel 1917 fate) and criticism of the individual

nosti Mikoli Oleksandrovich Romanov (writing the fierce 1917 rock). Even for the life of the emperor in 1912, the book of the historian, fellow Mikoli II V.P. Obninskiy “The Remaining Autocrat. Draw the life and tsar of the Emperor of Russia Mikoli II. " Great interest, at a glance, is the book of S.P. Melgu-nova "The rest of the autocrat: rice for the characteristics of Mikoli II" that coming of the middle at the rule of the rest of the Russian emperor

In 1918, the early adopters K.M. Levin having seen the book "The Ostanniy Russian Tsar Mikola II" The author answered the look of the Emperor for 1905 to rock. Tim is not mensh, all robots, who came in 1917, had a small number of specialties: in the first place, the stench of sub-active, in other words, they are characterized by a high level of emotion.

U 1920-ті -30-ті рр. The new stage in the development of Mykoly II was rosy, since there was a low level of robustness, the monarch and his political course were harshly criticized. The book of P. Zhilyar "Emperor Mikola II and this yogo sim'ya" 3 became the vinat of the middle of the critical prats about the monarch. The scientific and high pre-old age of material presented in 1939 by the historicalist S.S. Oldenburg at the book "Tsaryuvannya of Emperor Mikoli II" in two volumes. In 2006, the book was revised 4.

The mid-1980s rock_v. rozpochavsya new stage of vivchennya political efficiency of the rest of the Russian monarch. A characteristic feature of the period has become so the title of "new look", so that the new way to the stereotypes of the historical message, has been accepted. The lighthouse has rethought richly historical events and processes, including the political activity of Emperor Mikoli II.

1 Div: Obninskiy V.P. Remaining autocrat. Draw the life of the emperor of Russia Mikoli II. Reprint is not visible. M .: Republic, 1992.288s.

2 Div: Melgunov S.P. Remaining autocrat. Figures of the characteristics of Mikoli I M .: publishing house of the Moscow University, 1990.16 p.

3 Div: Gilliard P. the Emperor Mikola II that yogo sіm'ya. Reprint is not visible. M .: Megapolis, 1991.242s.

4 Div: Oldenburg S.S. Tsaryuvannya of Emperor Mikoli II. M: "DAR", 2006.607s.

1988 The article by K.F. Shatsillo "On the right and will be rewarded ..." 5. The presenter tested the date on an active assessment of the political performance of Emperor Mikoli I. This article has become an ear of new publications among the press, and in a matter of a few years they talked about the specialty of the monarch and his role in the share of the Russian Empire. 1997 The monograph by Yu.M. Kryazhova "Mykola II yak vіyskovo-political action of Russia" 6. Then, in the future, in the history of history, the work of the emperor was seen in the past and political spheres as the supreme ruler of Russia.

Canonization of members of the family Mycoli II prompted advances of interest from the past and the public to the power of the last emperor between XX - XXI centuries. In the rest of the rock, a number of robots have appeared, so that they can take an active approach to historical stories that are written on the basis of a wide range of dzherel. Such robots can be brought to the monograph by O.M. Bokhanov "Emperor Mikola II" 7.

Written by robots for the first time in the 1990s - the ear of the 2000s. They saw a lot of prats, they deconfirmed the dignity of Mykoly II as a people, and didn’t speak about his political pardon. In the rest of the rock, the statty about Mykola Oleksandrovich Romanov often appears on the sidelines of the occasional period. As a rule, all the stench associated with the tragic bend of the emperor is even less pronounced, and they talk about the soft and quiet character of Mikoli II, about his family. Political look of the monarch zalishayutsya ostoron respect of the authors.

A poorly high-quality improvement over these periods has become an interest in the specialty of Mikoli II in the foreign history. Behind the cordon at the rocky bouly you saw the creation of history A.C. Spiridovich, S. Haffner.

The current political activity of the rest of the Russian autocrat is to be seen by the glimpses of the past. Vaughn presents

5 Div: Shatsilo K.F. On the right, it will be rewarded ... // Young Communist. -1988. -No. 8.- S. 64-72.

6 Div: Kryazhov Yu.M. Mykola II yak vіyskovo - political act of Russia. Kurgan, KDU, 1997, 198 p.

7 Div: Bokhanov A.M. Emperor Mikola N / O.M. Bokhaniv. - M: Russian word, 2001.S. 1

8 Div: N. Sukhorukova Winning the gentry: about the decline of the Russian throne of Tsarevich Mykol Oleksandrovich (1843 -1865) / / Science and Religion. - 2004. - No. 7, - S. 18. -20; Sukhorukova N., Sukhorukov Y. Vin vtіlyuvav nobility: Mykola P // Science and Religion. -2004 No. 7.-C. 18-20.

Interest for historians, politologists, philosophers,

sociologists who look at the politics of Mikoli II from the view of history, politics, philosophy and sociology.

Dissertational doslijeni, attributed to the very political activity of Mikoli II, are very few, to that their robots were victorious in order to cope with a number of problems. For example, the abstract of the dissertation by S.V. Bogdanov "National and foreign awareness at the formulation and development of the State Duma and State For the sake of the 20th century" 9 and Babkina M.A. "The fall of the monarchy in Russia in 1917 and the Orthodox Church" 10.

Hovering analіz naukovoї lіteraturi on disertatsії showing scho nezvazhayuchi on, zdaval b, dostatnyu vivchenіst іstorії Russie naprikіntsі XIX - cob XX stolіttya, bagato aspektіv polіtichnoї іstorії tsogo dolenosnogo perіodu, doslіdzheno nedostatno, deyakі kontseptsії vimagayut pereglyadu іz zaluchennyam dodatkovih Jerel, novih metodologіchnih pіdhodi , scho allow you to analyze the topic from the position of the modern day to the development of historical science. An analysis of the history of the study of the visibility of complex robots, as well as of the evolution of political glances from Emperor Mikoli II, as well as of the manifestation of the versatility of the discussion of the judgments, the thoughts of The result is the problem of political views of the reigning emperor in general, both theoretically and historically fragmentary and the need for a general understanding of the efforts of contemporary authors on the basis of this comprehensive monograph look at Mikoli II.

The meta of the spoken word is the development of the political glances of the last Russian autocracy for the minds of the crisis of autocracy for the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century, analysis of the political glances of the emperor and the Russian autocrat.

Analyze the thought, so they took the form of political glances at the decline of the throne (1881 -1894);

9 Div: Bogdanov S.B. National and foreign awareness of the formulated and functions of the State Duma and State For the sake of the 20th century / abstract of thesis ... Ph.D. M., 2003.29s.

10 Div: Babkin M.A. The fall of the monarchy in Russia in 1917 rotsi and the Orthodox Church / abstract dis. ... Ph.D. M., 2003.24s.

Take a glimpse of the emperor's political glances from his power;

Prior to the relationship of the Emperor with provincial sovereign children;

Criticize the political position of Mikoli II pid hour of the First Russian Revolution;

Prostity of the main stage of the formation of political glances of the rest of the Russian monarch;

Show the pardon and prorahunka of the monarch before the hour of the crisis of autocracy, for example, the 19th - the ear of the 20th century.

The subject of the preliminaries is the evolution of political glances of the last Russian emperor.

The chronological frame of the last year was hunted from 1881 to 1917, to the period of Mikoli II's rule. In addition to this period, the hour of the reign of Emperor Oleksandr III was included fragmentarily during the period of the formation of political glances at the decline of the throne. At the border of the last few years, they saw a choice of stages of the evolution of political glances of the last Russian monarch. First - 1881 - 1894 rock, tobto period, if Mykola II became a downtrodden to the throne; other - 1894 - 1905 rock - the last rock of the rule of the young emperor to the ear of the first Russian revolution; the third - 1905 - 1914 rock, since the monarch was able to accept important political decisions for the latest crisis situations in the country; quarters - ¡914 - lutiy 1917 rock, the last rock of the rule of the emperor and rock of the participation of Russia at the First World War.

Territorial frames for further reading. In addition, Mikola II became the autocrat of Russia, then the territorial framework of the Russian empire at the current cordons.

The methodological basis for the presentation was the principle of history, objectivity, systemic and specific approach to the development of political glances by Mikoli II, as they convey a critical attitude to the dzherel, the winners of thoughts on the basis of the universal context of reality, Vikoristani are methods of historical analysis as well as historically historical, retrospective, chronological, short.

With the prelude to the evolution of political glances and the activity of the Emperor Mikoli II, they look at the interaction

Changing the socially - economically and politically motivated Russian empire (formal thinking) and pouring a human, special factor (anthropological thinking) into the political glances of Mikoli II.

Dzherel characteristic.

You can apply to the following groups: 1) official documentary materials; 2) let the schoolers get away; 3) epistolary dzherela; 4) publication.

Memoirs and epistolary materials, published and archives, many of which have not yet been victorious in the previous literature, but this is the part of the world that characterize politics. Naybіlsh significant and the main array of dzherel є archivnі material. The author of the victorious document of the Sovereign Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), is the name of the imperator Mikola II fund. Vyvcheno 27 funds, which include 130 ref. Dzherela, scho to be there, to be divided into two views. Until the first, documents are entered from the funds of the members of the Imperial Prince. A special scientific interest of our dissertational education is represented by the special fund of the rest of the Russian monarch.

Documents that will be held for the current year in the Sovereign Archives of the Russian Federation, from the special fund of the monarch No. 601 distributed for 12 distributions for species and thematic signs. Tse sutta polegshu process to follow up required document... In a large number of headings, the collection of materials is systematized by chronological familiarity, manuscript and a sheet by alphabet of authors' names. Romanovs, іnzemnі іmperators, kings and members of іхніх homelands included in the alphabet by names, іnshi - princes, dukes too. - for nicknames (naming volodin).

With such a rank, great for the scale and significance of the fund No. 601 "Emperor Mikola II", I will continue to show its historical role and the history of the past; There is nowhere more to take revenge in such an opinion of reliable material about the life of the rest of the monarch. For a larger observational picture of the history of the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century, we have not deprived the Emperor Mykoly Romanov's foundation, and the first member of the first motherland - Fund No. 640 "Oleksandr Oleksandr Fyodorovich" fund No. 642 "Empress Maria Fedorivna", fund No. 651 "Romanova Tetyana Mikolaivna", fund No. 673 "Romanova Olga Mikolaivna", fund No. 668 "Mikhailo Oleksandrovich, sin Oleksandra III" and іn.

Another type of archival documents of the GARF are materials from the funds of the Emperor's approach: G. Rasputina (fund no. 612), M.V. Rodzianko (fund no. 605), G.A. Gapon (fund no. 478), A.A. Virubovy (fund no. 623), A.Є. Derevenko (fund no. 705), M.F. Kshesinskiy (fund no. 616), V.Є. Lvov (fund no. 982), A.A. Mosolov (fund no. 1001), D.D. Protopopov (fund no. 585), P.D. Svyatopolk - Mirsky (fund # 1729), D.F. Treggova (fund number 595) and іnshі, there are no guesses and testimonies of fellows about the political glances of the monarch.

Until the other group, the dzherel lay down the scribblers that help. Schodenniki, in our opinion, are reliable dzherels, don't help me. The vikorystani of Mikoli II Romanov, General AM Kuropatkin, Grand Duke Kostyantin Kostyantinovich, General AA Kirєєv, AA Polovtsev, VM Lamsdorf, AC Suvorin, General DA Milutin and VA Sukhomlinova and іnshikh.

A special interest for our presenter is Mikoli II. New records of the Emperor will be avenged. Schodennik superstitiously characterizes the author's intellect. The newcomer is confronted with a less common order: the weather, the daily routine, guests, and the results of love. Win buv ukray pedantic: fiksuvav usi dribnytsi - skilki a distance of miles, like a long walk, who came to a guest, like the weather on the street and on. Ale, unaffected by all the pedantry of the author, the schoolboy has a lot of thoughtful thoughts about politics, as the characteristics of the political podiatry themselves are not a dry viklad of facts. Bagato uvagi come family life... The young man was often confused by the ministers and the first-year-olds, the protestors of the narads did not fall, as they didn’t go through the emperor’s inner politics, to visit the period of the crisis of the monarchy. To that, the companion of the Emperor Mikoli II did not open up the evolution of political views. One of the best things is history.

More important is the importance of the master of the vice minister OM. Kuropatkna 12. This document forms a statement about the political glances of the emperor. At the schoolboy, the order of the king of the Vіyskiy minіster and the deyak of the critic іmperator will take revenge.

The period of the formation of the glances of the maybut emperor hangs in the friend of the grand duke of the Grand Duke Kostyantin Kostyantinovich,

Div: Emperor Mikoli II's schoolchildren / ed. K.F. Shazillo. M .: Orbita, 1991, 737s.

12 Div: Kuropatkin A.M. DE! Esh (iki // Mikola II: Spogadi. Schodenniki. - SPb .: Pushkinsky fund, 1994. Z. 37 - 45.

At the same time, having miraculously learned, that he was left, became the emperor, his actions only compromised in the imperator's house and in Russia before the collapse. I pick up a thought, having caught up in my spogadah, the great uncle Mikoli II, Grand Duke Oleksandr Mikhailovich 13.

A.I. Denikina, F. Winberg, H.JI. Zhevakhova, H.A. Sokolova, O. Traube,

V.M. Kokovtsova and V.M. Voykov. For the first time, they published the unreal facts of the life of Mikoli II and his political activity, and they also saw the development of the world as a result of the evolution of political glances of the monarch from the glance of his closest reflection.

Qiu grupu dzherel add "Spogadi" S.Yu. Witte, seen in 1960, in 3 volumes. The stench is given even more conservative characteristic of the rest of the autocrat. Otsinayuchi rozumov the wretchedness of the emperor, S.Yu. Witte vodnochasya namagavsya p'yakshiti yogo characteristics, bald on the gallantry and vykhovanosti Mikoli II. 1989 The rock was seen from the back of the monarchist V.V. Shulgina "Dni" 14. It was the merit of this vision that I became the fact that the author was especially present at the time of writing to Mykola II of the throne.

Witte is apt to be put in his time before the Emperor and the chief of the Chancellery of the Ministry of the Imperial Court A.A. Mosolov 15. Not embellishing the tsar, apparently rich in his weakness, the author was successful in becoming a monarchist, moreover, as on the porch: 1918, the fate of the emperor was filled with the life of the emperor.

The third group of dzherel is epistolary. To continue the evolution of political glances from Emperor Mikoli II, the type of dzherel nabuvay is of great significance, below is a memoir. Leaves of the Emperor, in our sight, are much more, less laconic, notes, the stench was written for the enemies of the pod, which appeared, and in the greater number of vapors in the power of apologetic, On the basis of our last day, the pages of K.P. Pobedonostseva Mikoli II. Stink to us the other side of the reactionary policy of Oleksandr III and Sina, and to tell us about that role, as K.P. Beat-

13 Div: Grand Duke Oleksandr Mikhailovich: Book of Spogad / Pre-disl. A. Vinogradova. M .: Suchasnik, 1991, 271s.

14 Div: Shulgin V.V. Days. 1920: scrapbook. M .: Suchasnik, 1989.559s.

15 Div: Mosolov A.A. At the courtyard of the rest of the emperor. Notes of the head of the office of the Ministry of the Court. Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 1992, 262s.

the informal formulation of the political glances of the last Russian monarch. The great significance of the publication of these sheets of 192316 and 1925 rock17. Of course, the stench is to take revenge on more information about the policy of Oleksandr III, and not about yogo sin. Big part of K.P. Pobedonostseva to Mikoli II was not published and was not published in the State Archives of the Russian Federation (f. 601).

A great interest for our presenter is the representation of the members of the Imperial Prince, especially the Emperor's leaf before the mother of Mary Fedorivna and the squad of Oleksandr Fedorivna. Leaves of Mikoli II have not yet been published until the mother, as they see it, to avenge the heroes from them. The stench perebuyut at GARF18 (f. 642). U 1923 - 1927 pp. bully saw the leaves of the monarch to his royal squad-19.

Neofitsiyne lisuvannya Mikoli II with the Nimetsian Emperor Wilhelm II, seen in 1923, was not less significant, but not before the epistolary dzherela. I’ll show you by sight, but the tse of the propositions, especially at the rock of the Russian monarch’s government they went from the Kaiser. Mykola II with the majestic nebazhannya pіdtrimuvav the price of leafing from the povaga to the elder relative. Partially listing between Mykola II and Wilhelm II went up to the collection "Svitovi vіyni XX stolittya", seen in 2002 rotsі20.

In 2002, the list of the rest of the Russian autocrat and of the local radio A.A. was published. Klopov 21. And in 2003, another collection with the leaves of the rest of the emperor came out under the name "Schoolchildren and Documents from the Special Archive of Mikoli II" 22. Until a few years ago, the records of Mikoli II went away from the list of Mikoli II from the Swedish king Gustav V, the English king George V and the most European monarchs, as well as from

16 Div: K.P. Pobedonostsev that yogo korepondenti: Leaves and notes / Peredmova M.M. Pokrovsky. M .: Derzhvidav, 1923.414s.

17 Div: K.P. Pobedonostsev Leaves of Pobedonostsev to Oleksandr III: with additional leaves to Grand Duke Sergiy Oleksandrovich and Mikoli I. M .: Tsentrrhiv, 1925.464s.

18 Div: GARF. F. 642. Op. 1.D. 3724.

19 Div: Romanov N.A., Romanova A.F. List of Mikoli and Oleksandri Romanovikh. M .: Derzhvidav, 1923 - 1927. In 5 volumes.

20 Div: Holy days of the XX century. T.2. M: International Vidnosini, 2002, 245s.

21 Div: Krilov V.M. The Emperor's Radnik / Order. V.M. Krilov and іnshikh. SPb .: Petersburg - XXI century, 2002.199s.

22 Div: Schodenniki and documents from a special archive Mikoli II: Spogadi. Memoir. Leaves. Minsk: Harvest, 2003.368s.

List of the Emperor and Ministries - Maklakov, Dzhunkovskiy, Goromikin, Sazonov, Shcheglovitov and others.

Slid to mean innumerable leaves, vicoristani to our presenters, altogether added yo. S.Yu. Vitte (GARF, F. 1729), P.A. Stolipina (GARF, F.1729), P.A. Valuєva (GARF, F. 1729), I.M. Durnove (GARF, F. 1729), D.F. Trepova (GARF, F. 595), A.F. Koni (GARF, F. 1001) and іnshikh.

I will leave a group of historical dzherel to become a publication. In the main dzherela, the tsієї group should lie down to presi. The Sovereign Archives of the Russian Federation obtains dozens of albums and newspaper copies, which will take place at the hour of the reign of Emperor Mikoli II. In our recent releases, an album of newspaper stories about the move of the Russian-Japanese War23 has been published, and in some articles from the whole album, the author's words about the call of the emperor’s policy, as well as the brutality of the monarch to his people, are avenged.

There are also many robots who have published such periodic views, like the reactionary newspaper "Moskovski Vidomosty", which was seen in Moscow's MM Katkovim і scho bula for yo life with a regular office, "Uryadovy visnik", "Kolishnє", "Uralskiy robitnik", "Sprave i dnі" and іnshі. Of particular importance for the release of the publication at the "Chervony Archivi". In the 1920s, in this periodical form, the boules were published by the latest dzherela from the history of the Russian Empire, for example the XIX - on the ear of the XX century.

Also, the dzherelna basis of the evolution of the political glances of Emperor Mikoli II is great and versatile, I want all the periods of time to be secured by dzherels. Efforts to select the documents and materials allow us to find out and analyze the nutritional status given by those who were installed.

Scientific novelty of the past: In the first place, this dissertation is one of the first robots in the history of history, as it is specially assigned to the evolution of political glances and the great power of the rest of the Russian era. The main stages of the evolution of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II and his sovereign power are comprehensively seen in the chronological aftermath.

In another way, it was analyzed and first introduced into the scientific research complex of archival materials, which made it possible to more actively and all the time to improve the knowledge of spiritual problems, not to the end of the first problems with those.

Thirdly, the periodization of the main stages of the political glances of the Emperor Mikoli II is presented,

23 Div: GARF. F. 601.0p. 1.D. 524.

A new announcement was made about the snakes, which were seen in the political glances of the monarch, and they flowed into the political decisions he praised him.

The scientific and practical significance of the awareness of the field in the possibility of theoretical and applied storage. The results of the last week can be found in the history of the XX century in the history of Russia, for example the XIX - on the ear of the XX century, the preparation of the lectures and special courses on the history of history, political, philosophical, philosophical problems

To win the wine is the following:

The overwhelming reason for the crisis of autocracy, for example, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, was the inability of the ruling monarch to pretend to new minds, not to the nature of power.

Zachist principles of autocracy becoming the outer stone of the political position of the rest of the Russian monarch.

The revolution of 1905 - 1907 was inspired by the emperor to establish the system of dualistic monarchy with the Duma legislation for the protection of the crown of all the viconious and significant parts of the legislative power, for the creation of children of freedom, political women.

At their own presenters, they saw chotiri during the development of the political glances of the Emperor: 1). 1881 - 1894 RUR - the period of the formation of political glances; 2). 1894 - 1905 - The first rock of the rule of the young emperor; 3). 1905 - 1914 - a whole hour of permanent internal political struggle of the emperor for the preservation of the autocratic ambushes of the autocracy; 4). 1914 - 1917 - the last rock of the governing body Mikoli 11, as they were attracted to the participation of the Russian Empire in the First World War and the aggravated social conflicts in the middle of the Russian suspension.

Testing of robots.

The main aspects of the dissertational dosage was published in 15 scientific publications, in the journal recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation. Deyakі position of the dissertatsііy is seen in the lecture courses in Vitchіznyanaі history, culturology and politics for students of nonhuman Higher Education Institutions.

The results were previously discussed at the department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences at the Voronez Branch of the Russian State Trade and Economic University.

Dissertational structure. Dissertations are stored from the entry, two separate paragraphs, added to the list of literature and dzherel.

At the entrance, the relevance of those of the past is rounded up; to be characterized by the camp of scientific development of the problem; the meta and the author of the dissertation start; ob'єkt that subject of vivchennya; chronological and territorial framework of the robot; the methodological basis is opened and the basis of the dosage is opened; the scientific novelty and practical significance are important.

At the first razdilі - "Ear of righteousness and mind the formulation of political glances Mikoli II (1881 - 1905 rr.)" cob stage the formulation of the political glances of Mikoli II and the first rocky and the rightfulness.

In the first paragraph - "Mind the factor of the formulation of the political glances of the Tsarevich Mikoli Oleksandrovich Romanov (1881 - 1894)," an analysis is made of the formulation of the political glances of the maybut monarch. Before assuming the throne, Vin himself clearly did not get himself a political kar'єri. Folding light of politics fie wiklikav at new interest. Political activity was associated with the father. At the help of the daddy, he got into the right style, the price was needed.

Having retired to the decline of vikhovateliv and vchiteliv, Oleksandr III recovered from vikhovannya sina. The vigilantes, with their chergoyu, honestly vikonuvali their dressing suvoro at the boundaries of what was permitted. Closing for delivery, the tsarevich did not see the interest to bagatokh objects, except history and literature. That kind of knowledge was too harsh to embed the shape of his political glances. Winning not having spared the current problems of the current Russian action. Yak that її dad, Mikola II, having entered into be-yaki reform nezazanim. Lesson 1 Bereznya 1881 fate, since his eyes died the Emperor - the reformer Oleksandr I, forgotten by the stretching of his life. Be-like, to see the most important reforms, to wriggle into new battles, to trade off ”24.

Bagato Suchasnikiv, for example. A.F. Struve and H.A. Stepanov was put in charge of the emperor’s wickedness, but at the same time it meant his centrism, weakness and pride. It took, alas, a thought, the formulation of a hopeless and light-hearted specialness, so it was confirmed by the words of Mikoli II himself about his robot and power supply: “I don’t get ready to go out and see what I’m thinking.” F.M. Arbatskiy, yak and a lot of those pre-epochs, who received such messages of Mikoli II, who appeared in

24 Oldenburg S.S. Decree. op. P. 56.

25 Cit. by: Kryazhov Yu.M. Decree. op. P. 62.

young rocky, like breach and virginity "6. Years later, I went to the world and internal politics: I called to the constitution, I broke my opinion several times, I called to the world so Admitted in the process of forming the political glances of the Maybut sovereign of the Russian Empire in the whole period, became the reason for the political pardons of the emperor, as they brought the monarchy to a crisis and died.

Tsei period, is indicated in the dissertation, becoming a turning point in the evolution of political glances. Unimportant to the conservative style, the straightness of Mikoli II's glances, the crisis in the middle of the Russian empire of the force and change of his political credo. Having ascended the throne at 26 years of age, he appeared not to be too old to dwell on the problems that had accumulated until the end of the 19th century in the Russian Empire. It’s just a few days ago.

Majestically, incessantly to get away with the evolution of political glances of the young monarch at the time of pushing K.P. Pobedonostsev, like the role of the senior warden of the emperor among the politicians. Mikola II respectfully listened to Pobedonostsev: The Ober-Prosecutor of the Synod was given the authority of the one who could help the young emperor father. The flow of the provincial ideologue of the Russian conservatism to the Sutta became known along the entire political course of the young monarch between the XIX - XX centuries.

Another paragraph - "The first period of the rule of Mikoli II: the formation of conservative politics (1894 - 1905)" presents the history of the formulation of political glances of Mikoli II, going to the throne.

The first publicity of the emperor's promulgation became a confirmation of his conservative attitudes. In rocky rule, the monarch is seen in all progressive ideas. Lying down with baiduzhim before the notes, as they came from yogo im'ya, de bouly zamovleni reasons for the secret implementation of reforms. The authority in the eyes of the boules is also the representatives of that otochennya, such as K.P. Pobedonostsev and I.M. Durnove. The stench nalashtovuvali young autocrat after trimuvatisya conservative traditions of his father - Emperor Oleksandr III.

It’s majestic in flowing into the emperor’s little mother, - the Dowager Empress Marya Fedorivna, that squad of the Empress Oleksandra Fedorivna. If the women were offended, they were far away from the intelligence of political processes in the land, so they could very often give the consumer pleasure "their own Niki".

26 Div: Arbatsky F.P. Tsaryuvannya Mikoli II. M: Avangard, 1917. -S. 89.

The Russian-Japanese Viyna became one of the largest political pro-functions of the Russian Emperor. Having become entangled in vіynu, vіn wanted to take political tension in the land, a little did not come. Viyna turned out to be even bitter, and Russia did not get sick in the new season. Navpaki, the Russian-Japanese war showed the strength of the Russian army and made the internal political crisis in the country.

The first political crocs revealed the weakness of Mikoli II as a politician. Win not the taste of his father and father. On the view of them, they are considered to be innocent, unstable, in new calls they are not “politically sensitive”, before that they are weak in people. Inevitably, getting along in people, and getting along with them became the reason for the discouragement of their ministers. In the first rock of the rule of Mykola II, I rozcharuvavsya at the greatness and talents of the ministers, and moreover, none of them are completely unaware. Almost the entire hour of his rule of wine is alive in the atmosphere of distrust and adolescence. At the hour of the day, all the more and more developed into the monarch and became the reason for the fact that he became isolated in himself. As we crossed over in the course of our last session, Mikola II respectfully, read pedantically, having read the notes that came to his address, richly smashed with their closeness, he didn’t hear anything about it - he took the decision himself.

Tse became a pity in 1905 when the First Russian Revolution vibrated. As soon as we pointed out the documents, the emperor was told about the crisis situation and the need for a re-creation, ale vіn bouv so much by the same problems, as not having remembered the problems, so pissed off. Obviously, the revolution of 1905–1907 became unsuccessful for the first time. On the 17th of June 1905, a manifest was seen to fate, as a gift of political freedom to the citizens of the Russian Empire. The Manifest, having become a turning point in the evolution of the political glances of the Emperor, as a singing world turned into a world of liberalism and re-transformation.

Another section - "Political Looks and the Power of Emperor Mikoly II of the First Russian Revolution (Oct. 1905 - Luti 1917)" - 1917 pp.

In the first paragraph - "The state power and political look of Mikoly II in the minds of the social and political development of the Russian Empire (October 1905 - 1914)"

The notes sent to Mykola II were directed to the need for state reforms to be brought to the attention of the autocrat to change his political course and to carry out a proper re-implementation. The monarch did not listen to any joy. Do not fit into the solution of the emperor and S.Yu. Witte, the autocrat listened to the message “Manifestu 17th October 1905 fate”. The first Russian parliamentarism, which won its involvement with the robotic minds of the State, did not bring good results. Mykoly II’s opinion was about to be replaced.

Appearing on the political arena of such significant and significant posts, like P.A. Stolipin welcomed the people to the repairs, as they were seen by the certificate of the new premier-minister. On the other hand, the conservative policy and the look of the Emperor quite surrounded Stolipin's re-creation, as the bullets were brought to a residual due to the early death of the politician.

At the dissertation, they are scared, they are unaffected by the positive changes that were seen at the testimony of the monarch because of the inflow of the First Russian Revolution, the out-of-the-way political paths of the country did not change. Even earlier, the autocrat prodvzhuvav ignoring the joy of the need for reforms. Navit S.Yu. Witte, Lyudin knew well, and in her own way she was bound to the Emperor, knowing that Mikola II was not a monarch, and that it was difficult to cheruuvati as a power. Witte buv perekonnogo, how Mikola II "ruin Russia" 28. On yogo thought, in such folding political minds, preserve the autocracy zmіg bi lishe іmperator, which has a very strong character and firmness of decisions. The autocrat is not a mav with such yokes. Protest, on our thought, the most important role in the saved autocracy in the Russian Empire in 1905 - 1907 rock. played by vira S.Yu. Witte and the sovereign himself into the inviolability of the autocracy.

In the important days, such as the period of time, there was such a rice to the character of the monarch, as it is inconsistency, it is inevitable to independently know the correct political decision, as well as those who are aware of the time of the 1905 revolutions -1907 years. іmperator respectfully listening to the thoughts of the people who feel sick, especially S.Yu. Vіtge, ala in the world, as the revolutionary hvilya subsided, the monarch became more and more out of the way, hesitated with his own. At such a day, it is often discussed about the passed, vazayuyu day 17 Zhovtnya

"7 Div .: Vodovozov V.V. Count S.Yu. Vitte and Emperor Mikola II. St. Petersburg: Mystetstvo ta culture, 1992. P. 64.

28 Div: Ibid. P. 72.

1905 rock, if you saw a manifest at home, on a new day at your life. It’s possible to go untenable, but, in the face of the political testimony of the sovereign, his political look prodovuvali be of a conservative nature. І navіt slikannya 1 The sovereign thought did not change the political platform, but it was folded.

Obviously, the decision about the establishment in the Russian Empire of the State Duma was not easy for Mykola II. Vіn shattered the eagerness, but a new sovereign organ without stumbling into the ambush of the autocracy. That is why the project of the I Sovereign Dumi viyshov will be so amalgamated. Tsia furnishings zoomed in on the history of the State Duma of the Russian Empire on the ear of the 20th century. The efficiency of this body has shown that the first admission to parliamentarism has failed. One of the main reasons for the importance of the character of Mikoli II is the conservative change. Win prodovzhuvav virity in ideals, which have long lost their relevance. The last Russian ruler did not hesitate, but the splinters from the childishness of ideas about the imperishability of the autocracy have become hopelessly old. Without thinking about the wine and the trickyness of her camp, not busting the security, she was looking at all the middle Russian versions of the Russian support.

Obviously, the importance and necessity of the revision of agricultural food, Mikola II alive even after the visits, contributed to the rural settlement of the villagers, the altogether outlandish picture and the insignificant re-development were not changed.

In 1906, the word "constitution" sounded from the mouth of the ruling emperor at the reception of the deputies of the First State Duma in the Winter Palace. Evidently, the triumph of the liberals did not boil over. Alas, it's a pity, there are no words, that they didn’t get involved in the show. Not deprived of the deputies, but the emperor himself rozcharuvavsya at the dyalnosti of the new sovereign body. On that thought, the hopes, as having laid the sovereign on the State Duma, did not succeed.

At the end of an hour on the political arena of the Russian Empire, Vinikla is such a great figure, yak P.A. Stolipin. It became obvious that he had overturned his emperor for bagatma rice. Ale, who especially saw Stolipin from the representatives of the last Russian autocrat, - the whole strong character, The inclinations are not overturned, the quibbling of the idea of giving for your work. Foldable specialties of the house, from a glance, made two of the most important political children of Russia approach each other.

I, if Stolipin didn’t reach into the Emperor and the change of his political look, then the other people didn’t reach into the distance to raise the will of the monarch. Him showing up Grigoriy

Rasputin. The appearance of Rasputin at the court of the Russian emperor to bring, it is very easy to stop them from being sent to the squad. The ailment of the fall was shattered by the sovereign, infused for a childish kind in the form of “rasputinism”, which is a panuval at the Russian court, which is absolutely approved.

Another paragraph - "The transformation of political glances and the great power of Mikoli I in the period of the First Holy Life (1914 - 1917)" presents the history of the development of the political glances of the monarch in the rest of the rock rule.

Mykola II zmushuvav himself taking care of the sovereign on the right, the aloof stench of yogo gulped. Paphos own youmu buv someone else's. Dopovidi ministriv buli for a new tractor. Pragnennya creativity in the New Bulo. The most beautiful monarch feeling for himself, like і be-yak ludin, in a tight family number. Win loving children that squad. Judging from the leaves, having spent some time with the trivial friends, having taken part in the igrs, willingly staying with them for walks and passing from their side to the hot incomparable cohannes. In the evenings, at the creepy family, having loved to read Russian classics. On the ground, the postal distribution of the family's wins, as it was on the ear of the XX century, the seven Russian autocrat presented the same ridkisne, as and when I thought of vynatoks. On the thought of eyewitnesses, more ideal family situation, not that, like a bully in the royal family, you cannot see yourself.

Hromadske middle, de Mikola II, for the power of the guardians, having rescued the soul, the middle of the guards officers, as a result of whom the guards were so eager to accept the request to the officers, to the most early traders who knew their stock

Staying through the line of behavior of Mykoly II as a monarch, by the end of the rock, the ruling of one hundred percent forces, the police of that church, we are changing, but there’s a last-ditch who’s been sent straight: he’s robbed literally everything, power, well, in all good fortune the right of one's family to be ordered to Russia as their patrimony, to stifle wealth for one's own investigation, to strangle them with a wish as to change the camp.

Particular respect in the dissertation was given to the political views of Mykoly II at the rock of the First Holy Life, as she took the life of the citizens of Russia. Bezposeredno tied by the ruling stakes of the Nimechchini, who honored themselves until the summer of 1914 with the greatest preparations until the end, below the land of Antanti, which was the result of the opposition of the great powers. Drawn into the wine Russia appeared before it was not cooked. Failures at vіynі

They started a crisis and the middle of the very empire. Unfortunately, the weak-minded and conservative emperor did not want to lead the land in the midst of a crisis. In his own bazhannі zberіgati autocracy wіn appeared samotnіm. Without the support of the army, for the sake of the officials, who were sick and tired of him, that he was immeasurably rewarded, Mykola II was tempted to go to the extreme croc, and having signed the date to the throne. About the price of win zgodom pozhkoduvav a little more, ale, unfortunately, the road is still not buoyant.

Podbivayuchi podsimki podіy, wіdbulіs from 1905 to lutiy 1917, at the dissertatsііyuyuu, but in the whole period at the nadra of the Russian suspension saw a new political crisis and the changes of the minds of new revolutions were formed. Once again, the conservatism of the political glances of the emperor has been confirmed, as if it did not bother to act, reform. The nature of the rice is considered to be its weakness, the bula is free and one-sided. Vono fell in the fact that the monarch did not have the power to take possession of the viconious persons of the bazhan who were enthralled by him, in fact, it seems that he didn’t have to be punished for nothing. Tsim, on our thought, the change of ministries was often zoomed in and out, before 1917 the rock turned into a ministerial leapfrog. Naskіlki vіn dontrymuvsya vlastnykh intentions, it is possible to judge from the fact that for their tsaruvannya it is more than once that they have taken decisions in front of their perekonannya, under the grip of one ministrіv, but only about 17 years of 1905, about 1905.

On the 22nd day, Mikola II was standing at the great and great Russian empire. Tsі rock became difficult viprobovannya for all residents of the empire and thrashed the suspension. The Emperor became a figurine, and they invaded all the failures of internal and external politics. Winning from usim by the representatives of the ruling booth of the Romanovs, leaning on the boats quietly, who had been programmed.

At visnovka pidbito student dissertational reading, publicized results.

Our recent development of the main stages of development and development of the political glances of Mikoli II and his sovereign activity. In their own pre-dignity, they saw chotiri during the development of the political glances of the Emperor.

Ideas for conservatism were encouraged by the soul of the young

Mikoli II K.P. Pobedonostsev, who was not only a colleague of Oleksandr III, but a mentor of the Tsarevich. In the first place of fate, the death of the father of the Victors was victorious in the role of a radnik for the young emperor. The authority of K.P. Pobєdonostseva Buv nezperechny. Winnie constantly nagaduvav Mikoly II about the non-destructiveness of the autocratic rule for the Russian Empire. Tsiu Ideyu the Emperor carried through the mustache of life. Win anxiously guarding those who have gone to you in the decline from the daddy and dіdiv.

Another period of the evolution of political glances, Mikoli II instructed him to go to the throne (1894 - 1905). The death of Oleksandr III, who was ill during the whole 1894 rik, caught the crown prince. Wine is not ready for this role, as the share was preparing for you. Ymovіrno, tsya obstavina і became the reason for political pardons, such as the young sovereign having rushed to the first fate of the rule. At the end of the hour, the priorities in the political glances of the monarch became obvious. Vіn vvvazh, wіth thіѕ obligations yak іmperator іn the last governing region. Be it a re-incarnation of the internal structure of the state before its plans were not included. Mykola II was given a great deal of authority, and they were wrapped around him. Before that, there were some shortcomings, as in the character of the emperor, and in the character of this ministries, as the sutta accelerated the time. Bagato ministries came from my father, now, the stink of the booze is already in the kidnapped vіtsі and it was not so grateful, as I wanted b.

1905 becoming a turning point in the political testimony of the monarch. The first Russian revolution, viclikan by the conservative policy of the emperor, was forced to go into his deeds and the singing world changed the political look of the monarch. Not wanting to go to the same deeds for the rest of the hour, the emperor saw "Manifest 17 October 1905", which gave deyakі huge freedom. At the present moment, the emperor was checked on the "Constitution", ale vіn vidav Manifest. The revolution has fallen asleep, albeit socially ruined, but they became the cause of the First Russian Revolution, and so there was no revolt. Years later, the Emperor posed about the skone, and on the 17th day of the week of 1905, he put one of the best people in his life.

A message to the "Manifestu 17 o ($ 1905 fate" instruction of the offensive, the third stage in the development of the political glances of the monarch (1905 - 1914). Rіznomanіtnі notes, additional information, about the need for fundamental re-revolution, the autocrat easily standing on a number of positions, seemingly be-like thoughts about reform.

New pictorial views of the Emperor

podbali pisha praised by him decision about the shouting of the sovereign minds. The price of the decision was not easily given to the sovereign. Due to the efforts of the forces of enlisting the inadmissibility of the intercourse of their autocratic power, the power of the First State Duma of the Bula is backed up by it. The first admission to parliamentarism in the Russian empire appeared not far away. The failures of the monarch were crying at the internal politics of the monarch, who were afraid of giving the Duma more freedom.

The last stage of the evolution of political glances Mykoly II was fighting for the participation of the Russian Empire in the First World War (1914-1917). This is the main respect not only of the emperor, but of the efforts of the community of the country to be taken care of at the preparation of the country until the participation in the events of the whole country. Conducted by the certificate of the emperor of the reorganization of the army in 1910, the bullet was completed, it was small, small, unrepentant in nature. Rosiya Bula is ready to go.

With the first strikes at the war, the strategic prorahunks of the head of state became obvious. Allegedly, they were not shy, they continued to sell in the success of the company. Before that, they showed the documents, the emperor at the bottom of the real place before the camp at the front. Along with one of the most important political pardons of the autocrat in the whole period, it became a decision about taking on the rules of the Supreme head commander. The decision played a fatal role in the Emperor's share. The greater number of the new Supreme head of the commander became to conduct over Petersburg, and Stavts. The situation at the front did not change with the arrival on the bright, and the atmosphere in the capital rose. To that, a new revolution caught the emperor of the zennatsk.

Shishlyannkova, G.I. Social - political look Mikoli P / G.I. Shishlyannikova / Incentives of the Russian State Social University. - 2007. - No. 1 (53). - S. 44 - 45.

2, Інші publications:

Shishlyannkova, G.I. Evolution of political glances of Emperor Mikoli N / G.I. Shishlyannnkova // Mіzhvuzіvska zbіrka naukovykh prats "Rishennya sotsialnykh and ekonomіchnyh zavdan - novі pіdhodi". - Voronezh: Vitoki, 2004. - p. 281 - 283.

Shishlyannkova, G.I. Formation of political glances of Tsarevich Mikoli Oleksandrovich Romanov / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Collection of Science Works. Vipusk 6, - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2004.-P.188-191. Shishlyannkova, G.I. Emperor Mikoli II's schoolchildren yak historically dzherelo / G.I. Shishlyannankova // Mizhvuzivsky collection of scientific works. Issue 13. "Problems of social and political development of the Russian suspension". - Voronezh: VGTA, 2004 .-- S. 124 - 132.

Shishlyannkova, G.I. Manifest 17 June 1905: preparation, acceptance and historical significance / G.I. Shishlyannankova // Mizhvuzivska zbirka naukovikh prats. Vipusk 7. - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2004. - pp. 361 –367.

Shishlyannkova, G.I. Rozstril Romanovs: an overview of historical dzherel and literary / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Collection of Science Works "Vaganovski Chitannya". - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2004. - P.95 - 101. Shishlyannkova, G.I. In the name of Emperor Mikoli II and P.A. Stolipina / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Mizhvuzivsky collection of scientific works. Issue 25. "Russian civilization: history and success". -M .: Evroshkola, 2005 .-- p. 95 - 101.

Shishlyannikova, G.I. Mikola II і Rasputin: intertwining glances that dole / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Mizhvuzivsky collection of scientific works. Issue 8 4.1. "Actual problems of economy of education". -Voronizh: Naukova kniga, 2005. - S. 290-296.

Shishlyannikova, G.I. Fund № 601 "Emperor Mikola Oleksandrovich Romanov" as a historical dzherelo (on materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation) / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Collection of scientific articles "Trends in the development of regional economics". - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2005. - P.392 - 397. Shishlyannikova, G.I. The crisis in the Russian veiskovo - political criticality for the first time of the First Holy One: the appointment of Mikoli II as the supreme head commander of the Russian army / G.I. Shishlyanikov-va "/ International collection of science works" Prospects for the development of trade in Russia: problems of security, training of personnel, victorious innovation technologies ". - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2006. -S.430-435.

Shishlyannikova, G.I. Evolution of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II: before the history of the problem / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Collection of Science Practitioners of the Regional Inter-University Scientific and Practical Conference 4-6 April 2006 p. At 2 h. Part 2. - Voronezh: VF MGEI, 2006. -S.210-214.

Shishlyannikova, G.I. Emperor Mikola II yak politician of Russia: strokes to the portrait / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Mizhvuzivska collection of scientific works "Actual problems of the economy of education". Vip. 9 - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2007. - P.440-444. Shishlyannikova, G.I. Deyakі pіdnіnnya іmperator Mikoli P / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Materials of the Scientific and Practical Conference "Prospects for the Development and Comprehensiveness of Trade Ideas in Russia". - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2007. - pp. 713 - 717. Shishlyannikova, G.I. Mind the formulation of political glances at the decline of the throne of Mikoli II (1881 - 1894) / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Materials of the Scientific and Practical Conference "Prospects for the Development and Comprehensiveness of Trade Ideas in Russia". - Voronezh: Naukova kniga, 2007. -S.707-713.

Shishlyannikova, G.I. Evolution of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II sent to Manifest on 17 October 1905 / G.I. Shishlyannikova // Collection of Science Practitioners of the Regional Inter-University Scientific and Practical Conference 23 - 26 April 2007. Have 2 parts. Part 1. "From the mode of function - from the mode of development". - Voronezh: VF MGEI, 2007. -S. 160-164.

Signed up until 15.05.2009 r. The format for the set is 60x84 / 16. The paper is offset. Druk is offset. Mind. p_ch. l. 1.39. Uch.-nzd. l. 2.16. Replacement 1453. Circulation 100 copies.

Supervised in the GUN VO “Voronezka is a region. Є. A. Bolkhovntinova "394071, m. Voronezh, st. 20 rockiv Zhovtnya, 73a.

CHAPTER 1. PRINCIPLE OF RULING THAT UMOVI FORMED

POLITICAL LOOKS IN MIKOLI II (1881-1905 pp.).

§1.1. Mind that factor of the formation of the political glances of the Tsarevich

Mikoli Oleksandrovich Romanov (born in 1881-1894).

§1.2. The first period of the rule of Mikoli II: the formation of conservative politics (1894-1905 pp.).

CHAPTER 2. POLITICAL LOOKS I DERZHAVNA DIAALNІST OF THE IMPERATOR MIKOLI II PISLYA PERSHO

§2.1. The state power and political look of Mikoli II in the minds of the social and political development of the Russian Empire (zhovten

1905-1914 pp.).

§2.2. Transformation of political glances and power

Introduction of a dissertation 2009 rik, abstract from history, Shishlyannikova, Galina Ivanivna

At the stage of development of the history of history, the development of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II (1894 - 1917 rr.) Became relevant before the old days directly in the history of history. Interes to tsієї those who are not vypadkovy. Win dictated by such circumstances:

For the first time, the processes, which are being seen in all spheres of modern Russia, have changed a lot in our life, have tried to reconsider a large number of problems in the past, have more respectfully been impressed in their minds, stand in front of the suspension.

On the other hand, the share of our power began with historical circumstances, the protest of specific features, especially the noses of the powerful power, once it was majestic, most often the great role of the history of the power, suspension. The scientific development of political intelligence, with a glance allowing you to know the links of the hour and the history of the history, necessary for the current stage.

U - the third, for the canonization of the royal family, the interest of the individual of the last Russian emperor Mikoli II. At the junction of the cim, he announced to finish the richly vivid kind of vision and publication of the polar points with a glance at the political power and political look of the monarch. In protest of the argumentation and analysis of the whole problem, it is not very subjective, but it is just tendencies. This year's necessary observational education until the historic period of the end of the XIX century - the ear of the XX century, the role in the new Mykoly II as a significant political action of this era.

Quarterly, the cob stage of Mikoli's life is a decline, from the moment of his people and until I ascend to the throne, without becoming the subject of pilgrimage of respect, glib and all-purpose vivchennya, a detailed look, retarded that was created during the period of your life that was shaped like a political day. Today, it is not known about the power supply: why did Russia before the autumn of 1894 reject such an autocrat itself, which, by the way, did not go into the distance that was transferred to him from the father’s power.

At - n'yat, at period 22 - Mikoli II's richest rule, the suspension was carried out by the reformatory come, changes and re-creation, for some graves I will not remain far from the role. Ponad those, Russia experienced a whole low pre-historic historical period - the First Russian Revolution of 1905 - 1907, took part in two warriors: from Japan (1904 - 1905) and from the First Holy Life (1914 -19). The crisis of autocracy in Russia is tied to the im'yam of Mikoli II, as it has become a significant world of the inherited rule, and, unfortunately, it’s not possible to do it.

This is a very Russian suspension, as it is because of the fact that there are a lot of political processes. Vono vtomilosya from violence and catastrophes, from lawlessness and immorality, permanent humiliation from the side of power. To this, the next hour has become a tendency to joke with respectable social and political values and talented, well-thought-out, polite suspension of politicians.

Bring the vision to furnish you allow the creation of visnovoks about those that are discussed as a dissertationally unreported topic є an actual topic of historical science.

The stage of scientific vivchennya by those. Historical base, vikoristan before the hour of writing the dissertation, is represented by the pre-dwellers of the history and foreign history. To analyze the history of the problem of political views of the Emperor Mikoli II, it is necessary to carry out a periodization, which was repaired from 1894 until the current year, some of which were overwhelmed by the unreasonable nature. At all stages of the development of the Russian administration, the specialness of the monarch was heard in a reasonable way, thoughts and assessments were changed depending on the political and ideological situation in Russia. Since then, in the hour of publication, we have seen a series of steps in the development of the historical basis from the whole range of problems.

Political activity of the rest of the Russian monarch, the head of the Tsikavil and of the survivors, and of the foreign leaders - of history. It’s a pity that it’s been published earlier, not in our land, but behind the cordon, protesting from the daytime, as far as the scientific and preliminaries of robots and public literature about the history of the European community

p align = "justify"> The first group of politically active Mikoli II appeared in the period of the first rule and in the first rock of the world (1896 -1919 rr.). For the whole stage of the development of the history of the political look of the ruling monarch, the bully is characteristic of pratsi, the propaganda of his political course (until the fierce 1917 rock) and the criticism of the specialty of Roman Mikoly Oleksandrovich 17 Even for the life of the emperor in 1912, the book of the historian, fellow Mikoli II V.P. Obninskiy “The Remaining Autocrat. Draw the life and tsar of the Emperor of Russia Mikoli II. " They represent our history of the end of the XIX-th century ear of the XX century: the tragic side of the viscous collapse, the Russian-Japanese revolution, the revolution of 1905-1907. The author tried to recreate the atmosphere, in what was the last of the Russian tsar, describing the beast and the name of the royal court, the most

1 Div: Obninskiy V.P. Remaining autocrat. Draw the life of the emperor of Russia Mikoli II. M .: Republic, 1992.288s. ministries of great officials, tobto those spheres, politics was destroyed. At the center of uvagi V.P. Obninskogo - Mykola II. The robot is made of historical narisu, based on historical documentary facts. The author himself was always standing at the center of the political and suspicious life of Russia, and was close to the knowledge of these people, about such issues. 1917 book by V.P. The Obninsky Bula was seen in Moscow in a wide circulation under the short name "The Remaining Autocrat" 2. The magazine "Voice of the Past" 1917 published two great statistics about the special characteristics of Mikoli II. A book without the author's instruction "Romanovs and Army" was published in Petrograd.

Great interest, at a glance, is the book of S.P. Melgunova "The rest of the autocrat: rice for the characteristics of Mikoli II" rule of the rest of the Russian emperor.

In 1917, the article about Mykola II appeared in the "Bulletin of Duma Journals" at No. 4, and later a book by an unknown author appeared with the screaming title "The Truth About Mikola II: Drawing the Tsar". they are seen in the period of the reign of the rest of the Russian autocrat, a little bit of facts, which are described in the bottom, are not small in front of the real ground.

In 1918, the early adopters K.M. Levin having published the book "The Last Russian Tsar Mikola I", he opened a wide range of activities of the emperor, not just before the author. At the bottom of the book, the author received a glance at the Emperor of 1905 rock. Tim is not mensh, all the robots, who came in 1917, may have some special features:

2 Div: Obninskiy V.P. Remaining autocrat. M .: Radruga, 1917.

3 Div: Melgunov S.P. Remaining autocrat. Characteristics of Mikoli II. M .: view of the Moscow University, 1990.16s.

4 Div: The truth about Mikola II: draw the king. M .: view of Veselka, 1917.98s. Perche, the stench is even more sub'active, in a different way, it is characterized by a high level of emotion.

U 1920-ті -30-ті рр. The new stage in the development of Mykoly II was rosy, since there was a low level of robustness, the monarch and his political course were harshly criticized. In 1921, the robot of the great mentor of the Tsarevich Oleksiy Mykolayovich P. Zhilyar, who served 13 years at the courtyard of the rest of the Russian autocrat, came to the fate of the vidavnistva "Rus". The book was titled "The Tragic Share of Emperor Mikola II and the Family" 5. The Qia of the robot has become a vinyat among the critical prats about the monarch. Peredmov before the book, having written the Collegiate Minister of the Russian Federation S.D. Sazoniv. The book was read from the forefront that it was not only assigned to the emperor, but to the members of this family. Gilliard, describing the situation in the family, the character and mental quality of the skin s її members. Surely, the author of the picture of the royal family without a historical dust, in the form of a bursting action of quiet rocky. Yogo help permeate almost all Romanovs and especially the Emperor. Yogo the book, in our opinion, is permeated with great spirits up to Mikoli II, not so historical, but more scientific, with emotional-sub'active analysis. The protest of the statement about the political glances of the Emperor is all the same, yes.

A scientific and high-quality prelude to material, I want a thought of pre-old age, with an advanced sub'activity, presenting in 1939 the historicalist S.S. Oldenburg at the book "Tsaryuvannya of Emperor Mikoli II" in two volumes. In 2006, the book was revised 6. The robot Bula was written by the author in emigration, de vin was a member of the magazine "Rossiyska Dumka", the newspaper "Vidrodzhennya", "Rossiya". Tsi vidannya wore

5 Div: Gilliard P. Emperor Mykola II that yogo sіm'ya. M .: Megapolis, 1991.242s.

6 Div: Oldenburg S.S. Tsaryuvannya of Emperor Mikoli I. M .: DAR, 2006. 607s. the promonarchic character of S.S. Oldenburg became a representative of the white ruk, his political reconsideration was named in the monograph "Tsaruvannya Emperor Mikoli II". Ale, on the basis of deyakі sub'єktivnі evaluations of the specialness of the rest of the Russian autocrat, a monograph was given to one of the runton’s thoughts about the monarch’s dіyalnіstі. For example, in the 1930s, a low robbery appeared at the Vichiznyan presi, so I am critical point of view on the politics of the last monarch. Among such robots followed by pratsyu Є.V. Tarle, A.A. Lopukhina, V. Milutina, A.B. Bogdanovich, A.A. Polivanova, S.Ya. Ofrosimova, P.M. Bikova and іnshikh.

Periodically, statistics and publications about the political activity of Mykoly II appeared on the sidelines of foreign and foreign journals and newspapers. In the 1920s - 1930s, the rock in the magazine "Chervoniy Archiv" was published on the basis of the support of the participants in the past about the political activity of the monarch. In 1925 there were published “Records of V.G. Glazov about the Narada at Vitte's 18th Sichnya 1905 ", 7" A note about

At the beginning of 1940 - 50 years old. XX century at the connection with the internal political podіy of the Radianskiy support and the Great Victory Day interest in the specialness of Mykoly II in our country it is significant. There were no fundamental messages about the rest of the Russian autocrat. The political intelligence of the Emperor was seen only in the last few days about Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Chosen in them, they were cautious, they widened them, and they lost the glimpses of the political glances of Emperor Mikoli II.

7 Div: Recordings by V.G. Glazov about the victory at Vitte's 18th day of 1905 // Chervoniy archiv. - 1925, vol. 4/5. -36

8Div: Note by A.C. Urmolova Mykolii II 31st sichnya 1905 // Chervoniy archiv. - 1925, t. 1. - P.63

In the rock statues about the rest of the Russian autocrat were on the sides of the periodical vidan earlier. In the main article, the naris were handled in the magazines "Historical Notes" 9, "Visnik MDU" 10, "History SRSR" 11.

The 1960s-80s are rocky. okremikh doslidzhen, appropriated to the policy of the emperor Mikoli II Romanov, has already appeared a little. Bulo seen

1 "7 tvir M.K. Kasvinov" Twenty three steps down ", de the author argued and lastly quilted the 23rd period of the monarch's rule. The author will show the whole depth of moral and spiritual fall of the ruler of the Romanov dynasty, his political pardon and prorahunka, the weakness of political misery. zapidnі vplivi on the policy of the Russian autocrats, the spring and the rest of the emperor Mikoli II.

The mid-1980s rock_v. rozpochavsya new stage of vivchennya political efficiency of the rest of the Russian monarch. A characteristic feature of this phenomenon has become the so-called "new look", that is, a new way to the stereotypes of a historical message, which has been formed. In the light of the day, a lot of historical events and processes have been rethought, including the political activity of Emperor Mikoli I. At the same time, the revival of the book market became remembered for creative and historical creatures, most often of low quality. There was a low-grade message about the homeland of the Romanovs. In all chicks of the children for the genre

9 Div: Sidorov A.L. Railroad transport of Russia near the First World War and the Stress of the Economic Crisis of the Country // Historical Notes. - 1948, v. 26. - pp. 55–61.

10 Div: Laverichev V.Ya. Food policy of the tsarat and the bourgeoisie at the rock of the first holy war (1914-1917) // Bulletin of the MDU, - 1956. -№1, -С. 147-151.

11 Div: Leiberov I.P. The Petrograd proletariat in the fight against the victory of the Lute revolution in Russia // History of the SRSR. - 1957. - No. 1. - S. 247 - 249.

12 Div: Kasvinov M.K. Twenty-three down. M .: Dumka, 1990.459s. ь Div: Klyuchevsky V.O. Unpublished create. Moscow: Nauka, 1983.33p. robots clearly quilted the zagalny idea - to create the image of the tsar - the martyr. Yogo was shown to be a good fellow, tactful with a spilkuvanna people, honestly, overwhelmingly modest and invincible. In our opinion, the reason is simple - they respected that the bolsheviks committed a horrible injustice, condemning such a dear and innocent person to the point of striving, and repudiating reabilituvati.

The monograph by G.Z. Ioffe "Revolution and the share of the Romanovs" 14 argued and lastly decided on the concept. Yogi robot grows in a high scientific ryvnya, great objectivity and the increase in the visibility of those. At the center of respect of the presenter - the political power of the monarch and the share of the monarchy. The author, in his own way, has a glance at the statement about Mykola II as a policy (the wintry, half-heartedness from G.Y. On a dumka, G.Z. Yoffe reassessed the role of monarchism in Biloy Rusi, when he was the head of the emigrant dzherels, to assess the number of leaders in Bily rukh. In general, the author has already confirmed the current version of the histories: in the entirety of the truth, in the name of the royal family.

N.P. Uroshkin, yakiy most hour pratsyuvav at the central historical archives of the country. However, it is a pity that most of the scientific workers did not blame them, behind the blame of the robot “Ostanna Romanovi (1894 - 1918)”, published in 2 issues of the magazine “Visnik of Vishoi Schools”.

1988 The article by K.F. Shatsilo "On the right, it will be rewarded."

14 Div: Ioffe G.Z. Revolution that share of the Romanovs. M .: Republic, 1992.349s.

15 Div: N.P. Ostannі Romanovi (1894 - 1918). // Bulletin of the Vishchei school. - 1985. - No. 3.4.

16 Div: Shazilo K.F. On the right, it will be rewarded.// Young Communist. - 1988. - No. 8. - S. 64 -72.

І. This article has become an ear of new publications among the press, and in a matter of a few years they talked about the specialty of the monarch and his role in the share of the Russian Empire.

1997 The monograph by Yu.M. Kryazhova "Mikola II yak

17th Vіyskovo-Political Day of Russia ". Danes have been destroyed at the show of small dzherels of the central and religious archives. The author is a vicarist for a little literature about Tsar Mikola II at the fate of his life and death. Yu.M. Kryazhev viv at naukovy obig epistolary documents and dzherelny material. Then, in the future, in the history of history, the work of the emperor was seen in the past and political spheres as the supreme ruler of Russia. In the monograph, the image of Mykoly II is postulated as a people of transcendental health, as she led her empire to collapse and completed the 300-year history of the Romanov family.

II ". According to the author's words, the head of the presenter’s awareness was based on the fact that, while showing the traditionally clearer, the emperor Mykol II was shown that a real politician lives in specific circumstances for an hour that time. Protest, at a glance, the monograph is given is not excluded from sub-activity. The author of the strong-willed give deprived of positive characteristics to the emperor, and to look at him from the eyes of a people, a simple dweller, and not politics. About the political look of the monarch, it is practically impossible to see.

17 Div: Kryazhov Yu.M. Mykola II yak vіyskovo-political act of Russia. Kurgan, KDU, 1997.198s.

18 Bokhanov O.M. Emperor Mikola II. M .: TOV Torgovo-vidavnichiy dim Rosіyske slovo, 2001. - p. 1

Deyakі tmennitsі political іstorії ear of the XX century bully іdkrіtі at statty Є. Pudovkіnoї “The sovereign’s tamnitsa: up to the 100th coronation

1995 The article by G. Komulovoy appeared in the magazine "Nasha Spadshchina"

Mykola and Oleksandra: behind the materials of the same vistavka dedicated to the life of Mykola II of that jogo family ", 20 de author analyzed the injection

Oleksandri Fedorivni Romanovoi at the political look of the autocrat.

Follow the robots, for example, in the 1990s - on the cob, 2000 rockets. They saw a lot of prats, they deconfirmed the dignity of Mykoly II as a people, and didn’t speak about his political pardon. So

The feat of the tsar's family became 21 presenters, and the deed of the tsar's family was described. The price is not political drawing and not canonical life of saints - the story of the author, as I will overtake the reader in the one about the canonization of the protesters from Yekaterinburzia's members of the royal prince will be reigned by law

Russian Orthodox Church. On the sides of the book of Mykola II fasting as a noble and infallible martyr, who lives under the laws

The Russian Orthodox Church, moreover, the political pro-rakhunks, who called to the collapse of the monarchy, should not be put in the guilty.

B.C. Kobilina "Anatomy of the Child: Emperor Mikola II and General

22 ad'utant M.V. Alexev ”, which was the first to beat the light of 1972 to rock near New York. Yak the bishop before the book the author took the schodennikovy note

23 іmperator: "Kolom zrada and fear and deceit." With the help of rice to the robotics є the author's first glance, which is the reason

19 Div: Pudovkina Є. The sovereign's tenement: up to the 100th anniversary of the coronation of Mikoli the Other // Russia is young. - 1994. -№5-6, - S. 5-6

20 Div: G. Komelova, Mykola and Oleksandra: behind the materials of the same vistavka, dedicated to the life of Mikoli II of that family. // Our decline. - 1995. - No. 3. - S. 20-30

21 Div: Orkhov D. The feat of the royal family. SPb .: Nevsky prospect, 2001.224s.

22 Div: Kobilin B.C. Anatomy of a Child: Emperor Mikola II and General - Adjutant M.V. Alexev. SPb .: Tsarska on the right, 2005.494s. Div: Ibid. - S. 4 of the first Russian revolutions among the serpent against the emperor, and the specialness of the monarch himself is seen as a sacrifice to health.

In the rest of the rock, the statty about Mykola Oleksandrovich Romanov often appears on the sidelines of the occasional period.

As a rule, all the stench associated with the tragic bend of the emperor is even less pronounced, and they talk about the soft and quiet character of Mikoli II, about his family24.

Political look of the monarch zalishayutsya ostoron respect of the authors.

Behind the cordon at the rocky bouly you saw the creation of history A.C.

Spiridovich, S. Haffner. In 1972, a book was seen in New York by the American publisher R.K. Messi "Mykola and Oleksandra", which is already a quarter of a century, is a bestseller on the foreign book market. Vona bagatoraz was seen over and over with cute movs, navit

1 ^ was screened in the United States. In 2003, it was seen in Russia. Behind the words of the author, hemophilia - ailment, as a matter of suffering from R. Messi and Tsarevich Oleksiy Mykolajovych, Sin Mykoli II - became the item before the book was written. The tsia of the surroundings brought R. Messi closer to the former Russian autocrat and became, at a glance, the reason for the author's subjective assignment to the emperor. 1917 rіk that nasty behind him podії the author vivodit from ailments decline. Oleksiy Mikolajovych's ailment does not explain the reasons for the collapse of the dynasty.

The 1990s are rocky. Mykoly II was not interested in political activity beyond the cordon. Bulo is seen by the robot of Mark Ferro "Mikola II". In 1991, a Russian version of this work was published in the form of "International Vidnosini" The author proponuvav his interpretation of the political efficiency of the Russian autocrat. The robotics brought rice to life without inaccuracies, like won

24 Div: N. Sukhorukova Winning the nobility: about the decline of the Russian throne, Tsarevich Mikol Oleksandrovich (1843 - 1865) // Science and Religion. -2004. - No. 7, - P. 18 -20; Sukhorukova N., Sukhorukov Y. Vin vіlyuvav nobility: Mikola 11 // Science and Religion. - 2004. - No. 7. - S. 18-20

25 Div: Messi R. Mikola and Oleksandra: Biography. M: Zakharov, 2003.640s.

26 Div: Ferro M. Mykola P. M .: International Vidnosini, 1991.349s. ryasnіє. In protest to the author, I was able to create a whole plausible image of the Russian tsar. The book of M. Ferro, at a glance, is a mensh emotion and psychological against the monograph by R. Messi.

We do not have a strong ideology for the specialness of the rest of the Russian emperor, as it is for the purpose of the authorization. So, in its capacity, as in particular, there is a lot of positive rice, but the activity of historical preliminaries requires an all-purpose analysis - both positive and negative.

The current political activity of the rest of the Russian autocrat is to be seen by the glimpses of the past. Look at history, politics, philosophers, sociologists, who look at the politics of Mikoli II from the view of history, politics, philosophy and sociology.

On the other hand, the presenters have appropriated their dissertations of the past to the political activity of the rest of the Russian autocrat. Among such robots is the author's abstract of the dissertation on the scientific level of the candidate of historical sciences Yu.F. Gorbunovo "Emperor Mikola II

27th century history (the end of the XIX - the ear of the XXI century) ". In the course of a robot, the author is actively pursuing the political intelligence of the emperor and analyzing the polar points of view, hoping to know the truth.

It's a pity that there are few dissertations that have been appropriated to the political activity of Mikoli II, and their robots have been victorious about the fact that they have to mediate a number of problems. For example, the abstract of the dissertation by S.V. Bogdanov "National and foreign approval at the formulation and development of the State Duma and State

27 Div: Gorbunova Yu.F. Emperor Mykola I yak sovereign day in the history of history (end of XIX - ear of XXI century): abstract of dis. .k.і.n. - Tomsk, 2004.25 p.

For the sake of the XX century on the cob ”and MA Babkina "The fall of the monarchy in Russia

29 1917 to the fate of the Orthodox Church. "

Hovering analіz naukovoї lіteraturi on disertatsії showing scho nezvazhayuchi on, zdaval b, dostatnyu vivchenіst іstorії Russie in kіntsі XIX cob XX stolіttya, deyakі aspects polіtichnoї іstorії tsogo dolenosnogo for nashoї Kraina perіodu, doslіdzhenі nedostatno, deyakі kontseptsії vimagayut pereglyadu іz zaluchennyam dodatkovih Jerel, novih metodologіchnih pіdhodіv scho dozvolyayut analіzuvati topic of pozitsії Suchasnyj rіvnya rozvitku іstorichnoї science Analіz іstorіografії privіv to visnovku about vіdsutnіst kompleksnoї robots scho rozkrivaє evolyutsіyu polіtichnih poglyadіv іmperatora Mykoly II, and takozh about nayavnіst rіznomanіtnostі diskusіynih sudzhen, dumok that pіdhodіv, SSMSC potrebuyut vivchennya that uzagalnennya. As a result, the problem of political views of the reigning emperor, in general, appeared both theoretically and historically fragmented and the need for a general understanding of the efforts of other authors on the basis of this complex monograph ... II.

The Dzherelna base of the dissertation includes both published and unpublished documents. You can apply to the following groups: 1) official documentary materials; 2) let the schoolers get away; 3) epistolary dzherela; 4) publication.

The main dzherels in the robot were memoirs and epistolary materials, published and archives, many

28 Div: Bogdanov S.B. National and foreign awareness of the formulated and functions of the State Duma and State For the sake of the 20th century: abstract of the dissertation of K.I. M., 2003.29s.

29 Div: Babkin M.A. The fall of the monarchy in Russia in 1917 rotsi and the Orthodox Church: abstract of thesis. .k.і.n.-M., 2003.24s. They were also victorious in the pre-childhood literature, but in that world they characterize the political activity of Mikoli II.

Naybіlsh significant and the main array of dzherel є archivnі material. The author of the victorious document of the Sovereign Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), is the name of the imperator Mikola II fund. Vyvcheno 27 funds, which include 130 ref. Dzherela, scho to be there, to be divided into two views. Until the first, documents are entered from the funds of the members of the Imperial Prince.

A special scientific interest of our dissertational education is represented by the special fund of the rest of the Russian emperor.

Tsei fund of accreditation in the Central House of Architecture and Administration in 1940 from special documents of the emperor, the grandchildren from the royal palaces in 1918 - 1922. At the beginning of the rock, there are new additions with other hopes. Some of the materials were collected from the indescribable part of the "Viddili fall of the old regime" from the CAOR, and then the "Novoromanivsky" fund was transferred to the CDADA. Here, from the materials of "Novoromanivskoy" and those of the "palace" funds, the special funds of tsars, tsarits, grand dukes and princesses, including the fund of Mikoli II, were added. 1941 p. the fund of the rest of the Russian monarch together with the other "Roman" funds was transferred to TsDIAN in an indescribable country. If the story of the completion of the Great Victory Day is out of the question, it will be described. For the types of documents, an inventory was added.

Science and technology obrobtsі and thoroughly fund conceived 1953 rock. A single unit of stock has been re-systematized again and one description for the entire fund has been added. Such a viewer has the fund of Emperor Mikoli Oleksandrovich Romanov rebuilt dosi. The Foundation to avenge 2513 odinits of zberigannya, dated from 1860 to 1991.

The interest of all the members of the Emperor’s Budinka, Aleksey Mikoli II, a particular discussion among professional histories, is especially brightly manifested throughout the year. One of the main reasons for this phenomenon was the blame for the publication of the programs that were overwhelmed by the current ZMI. There are different versions of historical stories and absolutely antiquated assessments of the stories of people who are not so far from their actions. Most of the TV shows and newspaper publications are not supported by specific historical djerels, they are real facts, they may be sub-active in nature. Virіshity of distribution for spіrnіh nutrition of the rule of Mikoli II can, on our thought, spiraling away from the bezposerednі historical dzherela, concrete documents, as we store the whole fund.

Materials to Fund No. 601 were given important materials of a special campaign, some of the state-owned parcels, which are supported by Mykola II, in a large number of copies were started on the basis of the collection of the manuscripts of the royal library. At the time of the document, we are in charge of the library V. Shcheglovym, an outline of the description has been added. The Tsarsko-Silskogo Palace will be stored in an okremiy fund - a collection and stored in the Central House of Arts with the very description, added by Shcheglov.

Prior to the first distribution, the title of special documentary Mikoli II, his service lists, materials, about the title of the title of honorable comradely addresses of new establishments, partnerships, zboriv and ін. from the drive of the drive, from the day to the people's decline and from the older drives. Okremiy pidrozdil first

They sent materials about the coronation of the Emperor in 1896 to Rozi, which is so important for the empire, the historical story of the Bull is documented - in official documents, in periodicals and scholars.

Another distribution to the fund was sent to the primary materials of the maybut autocrat from the period of his youth (1877 - 1888), to present his scientific affairs, lecture notes, courses specially for new information on the field of statistics by the lawyers of the field іnshe. These are brought in by the main programs, planning, distribution, information about success, and by the beginning of the work the decline and the statute of Lanson "The Vihuvannya of Tsar Mikoli II".

At the third distribution to the fund, the emperor's own writers and writers, as to form a special interest, can be easily recognized by the thoughts and political assessments of Mikoli II. Slid to mean that the author's special qualities are smelly, fragmentary.

The offensive, quarterly split, is looking for a large group of documents, which should be kept up to the political and sovereign power of the autocrat in that order. First part of the distribution is stored at the right hand side of the army and the fleet: construction reports and construction notes of all parts of the fleet; kart. The smell of great scientific value is dumb.

P'yata group - materials for the organization of the army and the fleet, management of them - more zmistovna. Here are notes about the new wineries, about the need for redeployment of the army and the fleet, about the new reforms, about the revisions of the new districts, all the information about additional information about the new statistics, about the development of the current

Materials about Russian - Japanese war were brought up to the second group, they were repaired in negotiations with Japan for example 1903 r. i on the cob 1904 p. All of the official documents about the publicity and arrangement of the world, telegrams from General Aleksov tosho. to the whole group included: help about the priest of the cruiser "Dmytro Donskiy", a note by A. Abaz "Russian enterprises in Korea", photographs and ін.

This group of the fourth generation - materials about Persha's war with supplements that list with Wilhelm II in advance, information about the publicity about the destructive war, about the war's journey too.

Another part of the fourth part of the fund will store the materials of the current knowledge and current policy of Mikoli II. It is of particular interest in documenting to develop for the precursors of the international politics of that period.

Until the third part of the fourth part, documents were submitted that characterize the internal country of Russia and the internal policy of the period of the emperor. The first group of children received the instructions and decrees of Mykola II: about the tolerance, "About freedom" (17 July 1905), about the release of the State Duma, additional reports, notes of the ministries and governors, mothers and fathers Submitted in a whole series of documents may be of great historical significance, many of them have already been published several times (more or less often) from handmen, monographs and a periodic friend. Alas, unfortunately, the authors quite a bit allow their inaccuracies, for an hour they create real historical facts. Renewal of justice can deprive you of the archival material of your child.

The beginning of the distribution was collected from the development documents, but they were lost in the palace archives, the main part of the documents in the character was assigned by the autocrat himself to the library of the Tsarsko-Silsky palace. There їkh bulo issued to okremy fund number 543.

The beginning of the fourth session, they sent notes of children and other documents from economics - supplemented by S.Yu. Witte, what's important about the trade and industrial policy of the district, I.L. Goremykina, about the activity of a vilno - economical suspension and in.

Documents about the fight against the revolutionary upheaval and the other types of anti-uncommon activity have brought together the group. It means that a group of documents in the history of different stages of development of the Russian suspension was interpreted in a different way. Dovgy hour Panuvannya of socialist ideology and hostility to the monarchical regime in them was magical to discern the injustice of the emperor to the representatives of the revolutionary current and to establish the theory of the heroic support of the revolutionaries. This year's pendulum of a huge dummy is turning at the opposite direction, since there is great respect for the Emperor himself to come to an anti-ordinary stage.

Until the fourth part of the fourth part, a report was submitted, sheets, proofs and documents of a special character, which do not seem to be of great scientific value, but rather deprived of them for presenters.

In particular, Mikoli II deposited money for the fund. Here leaves are stored up to the Romanovs' relatives - the dukes of Baden, Battenberz and others, the Earth monarchs - the Rumanian king, the Austrian emperor, the Norwegian king, the Russian ministers, Stoliertsov , so here you can read a special thought of the "strong light" from those who have found the food of the light. Naygolovnіshe in them - the list of monarchs in advance of the First Svitovoi vіyny, de especials of interest, got in touch with the sovereigns. List of Russian ministers of the day

Mykoly II is like a political dyach, talking about those who do not care about their own pragmatism are fair, the emperor cries out to people, since I have more inner strength, I do not know myself (Stolipin). Judge from the list of ministers (Kuropatkin, Frederiks, Kokovtsov), I don’t expect to hear the thought. After reading the sheets and coming up in his own way.

Leaves to the rest of the autocrat are stored in a larger part of the fund. The stench was written by funny movs. The rocky of youth and the first rocky are right-in the main English language. A lot of children have a lot of gratitude, as a special, and family character. The list is sorted by dates.

The offensive shosty distributed the fund No. 601 to borrow documents about the palace beast of the family of the rest of the Russian monarch and the court. Newcomers will have to take revenge on: documents about the overseas prices and trips all over Russia; document about tsarska polyuvannya, who loved Mikola II so much; document about the tsar's theaters, including about the example - the ballerina and close friend of M. Kseshinskoy; visit books and photographs.

Somiy razdіl - main and state documents, as not to become historical value for our past.

Okremiy distributed the fund to borrow materials for the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanovs' house. It’s not worth talking about the importance of the foundation, meaning for the monarch.

Nine days were given to the fund - gifts from young people, given to the emperor. Tsі gifts of development, development and may not be deprived of history, but also cultural value.

Okremiy distributed the fund to store materials about the fall of the Emperor from the throne. Tse telegrams about the insurrection in Petrograd and the suppression of the insurrection, the project of the reorganization of the order, the actions of Mikoli II, Mikhail Oleksandrovich, materials about the transfer of the family to Tobolsk, the lists of the soldiers who were sent to the emperor. Tsei rozdіl will stay for an hour to become very popular among presenters of the child's profile - historians, psychologists, politologists, religious scholars, physicians and others, who will be explained to those who have grown up to the present

Remaining distributed to the fund to revenge photographs of great powers and families. Slide to mean that the ear of the past story of fashion in photography. The imperial couple could often allow themselves to be photographed. Photos, about taking revenge in a wide distribution, partly boules published in robots by O.M. Bokhanov, E. Radzinsky, R. Messi and in.

In a large number of headings, the collection of materials is systematized by chronological familiarity, manuscript and a sheet by alphabet of authors' names. Moreover, it follows that the Romanovs, the earthly emperors, the kings and members of their homelands are included in the alphabet after the names, and they are princes, dukes too. - for nicknames (naming volodin).

With such a rank, great for the scale and significance of the fund No. 601 "Emperor Mikola II", I will continue to show its historical role and the history of the past; There is nowhere more to take revenge in such an alliance of reliable material about the life of the rest of the monarch, which is being promoted not only for the past, but for a wide variety of huge things. For a bigger picture of the history of the end of the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century by us, the bully vicoristani did not deprive the foundation of the emperor Mykoly Romanov, and the first member of the first motherland - the foundation №640 "The Empress Oleksandr 2, Fyodorovych Foundation №640" No. 642 "Empress Maria Fedorivna", fund No. 651 "Romanova Tetyana Mikolaivna", fund No. 673 "Romanova Olga Mikolaivna", fund No. 668 "Mikhailo Oleksandrovich, sin Oleksandra III" and іn.

Another type of archival documents of the GARF are materials from the funds of the Emperor's approach: G. Rasputina (fund no. 612), M.V. Rodzianko (fund no. 605), G.A. Gapon (fund no. 478), A.A. Virubovy (fund no. 623), A.Є. Derevenko (fund no. 705), M.F. Kshesinskiy (fund no. 616), V.Є. Lvov (fund no. 982), A.A. Mosolov (fund no. 1001), D.D. Protopopov (fund no. 585), P.D. Svyatopolk - Mirsky (fund # 1729), D.F. Trepova (fund no. 595) and іnshі, іnshi, інші, інші, інші, інші, інші, take away the messages and witnesses of the party about the political look of the monarch.

Until the other group, the dzherel lay down the scribblers that help. While documenting it may be more important for the advancement in the mind for our child, it gives the ability to simulate the basic stages of formulating, developing and developing the political glances of the emperor, as it does not appear in the official documentary. With all the initial significance of the laws of the historical process of history, it is important to roam people and it is important to ensure the specialness of their character. Reconstruction of that mood may great value the reason for this chi іnshiy historical fact. The price is most depicted in the memoirs (including the witness and schoolchildren, and help), as well as in the informal leaflets. Schodenniki, in our opinion, are reliable dzherels, don't help me. From a look dzherel vikoristano schodenniki Mikoli

II Romanov ", General A. N. Kuropatkin, Grand Duke Kostyantin Kostyantinovich, General A. A. Kiriv, A. A. Polovtsev, V. M. Lamsdorf, A. S. Suvorin, General D. A. Milutin and V. A. Sukhomlinov and others.

A special interest for our presenter is the pupil of Mikoli II Romanov. New records of the Emperor will be avenged. Schodennik superstitiously characterizes the author's intellect. The newcomer is confronted with a less common order: the weather, the daily routine, guests, and the results of love. Vin buv ukray pedantic: fiksuvav usi dribnytsi - skilki walked miles, yak dovgo walk, who came to visit,

Div: Emperor Mikoli II's schoolchildren / ed. K.F. Shatsilo. M .: Orbita, 1991.737s. like the weather outside and іnshikh. But if you put all the pedantry of the author into his friend, there are a lot of crazy thoughts about politics, as well as the characteristics of the political pods themselves, - it is less than dry viclades of facts. Bagato uvagi come to family life. Significantly, the author of the schodennik spravdі buv is kind to the sіm'yanin. For an autocratic ruler, 1/6 of a part of the land is unlikely to be of little virility. The young man was often confused by the ministers and the first-year-olds, the protestors of the narads did not fall, as they didn’t go through the emperor’s inner politics, to visit the period of the crisis of the monarchy. To that, the companion of the Emperor Mikoli II did not open up the evolution of political views. One of the best things is history.

Great interest is presented by a documentary collection of voices "The person of Mikoly II and Oleksandri Fedorivnya for the witnesses of the family and friends" 31. Bagato spogadiv, scho escaped to the tsієї zbіrka, the year it was seen okremo.

More important is the importance of the master of the vice minister OM.

Kuropatkina, who was hunting for the period from 1870 to 1917, rocky, tobto from the people before the sunset of Tsar Mikoli II. This document forms a statement about the political glances of the emperor. The young man without overshadowing will see all the sides of the life of the enemy forces of Russia: the nutrition of combat training and the conduct of maneuvers, redeploying that will become the army and the fleet. The young man will guess the tsar's orders to the ministry and the emperor's criticism.

The period of the formulation of the Maybut emperor hangs out at the grandmother's uncle of the Grand Duke Kostyantin Kostyantinovich. Grand Duke

Jl Div: The specialness of Mikoli II and Oleksandri Fedorivny for the saints of the family and loved ones // Historical newsletter. 1917. Quote. 189s. j2 Div: O. M. Kuropatkin Craftsmen // Mikola II: Spogadi. Craftsmen. SPb .: Pushkinsky Fund, 1994. -S. 37-45.

Kostyantin Kostyantinovich was put in charge to his royal nephew, and at the same time he miraculously learned, but he was left behind, becoming the emperor, his own children would only compromise the imperial house and Russia before the collapse.

I pick up a thought, having caught up in my spogadah, the great uncle Mikoli II, Grand Duke Oleksandr Mikhailovich3 "". Tsi spogadi - a report on the report of one of the nebagatokh utsilikh at the head of the red terror members of the Tsar Budinka Romanovs about the rampant beggar of the Emperor’s palace, about the call and internal policy of the rest of the Russian Empire.

1920 - 30 rock. Behind the cordon, boules published a message from A.I. Denikina, F. Winberg, H.JI. Zhevakhova, H.A. Sokolova, O. Traub, V.M. Kokovtsova and V.M. Voykov. For the first time, they published the unreal facts of the life of Mikoli II and his political activity, and they also saw the development of the world as a result of the evolution of political glances of the monarch from the glance of his closest reflection.

Qiu grupu dzherel add "Spogadi" S.Yu. Witte, seen in 1960, in 3 volumes. Do they have? From a look, the characteristic of the rest of the autocrat is given even more free. Otsinayuchi rozumov the wretchedness of the emperor, S.Yu. Witte vodnochasya namagavsya pom'yakshiti yo characteristic, bald on the gallantry and vykhovanosti Mikoli. II.

1989 The rock was seen from the back of the monarchist V.V. Shulgina

Days ". The great value of this vision became the fact that the author was especially present at the hour of writing to Mykola II of the throne. Having lived for more than a hundred years, the author became an eyewitness of the most boisterous historical stories of the ear of the 20th century: the reforms of P.A. Stolipin, the First Russian Revolution, the "Rasputin", before the Revolutionary Boers at the State Duma, the fall of the Romanov dynasty and the dramas of the Hromadyanskoy

33 Div: Grand Duke Oleksandr Mikhailovich: Book of Spogads. M .: Suchasnik, 1991, 271s.

34 Div: Shulgin V.V. Days. 1920: notes of V.V. Shulgin. M .: Suchasnik, 1989.559s. win. Yogo memoirs were written from the glance of the intimidated possessor of the monarchy and the organizer of Bily Ruhu.

Witte is apt to be put in his time before the Emperor and the chief of the Chancellery of the Ministry of the Imperial Court A.A. transport

Mosolov. Not embellishing the tsar, apparently rich in his weakness, the author was successful in becoming a monarchist, moreover, as on the porch: 1918, the fate of the emperor was filled with the life of the emperor.

It’s a long hour that the concatenated stake of fakhivtsiv boules is not available to help Felix Yusupov, the organizer of the swing at Rasputin. In 1990, the stench of the bully was published in Russia.36 Yusupov, opening the furnishings of the imprisonment, turned up his position and up to the policy of the emperor, realizing the graces of the rest of the flow of Rasputin.

Effortless schoolchildren, who help, vicarians in dissertational dosage, go overboard for a change one by one and directly alternately refer to the food supplied by the robot.

The third group of dzherel is epistolary. List of є one of the most valuable dzherels, not less valuable, but they will help you. To continue the evolution of political glances from Emperor Mikoli II, the type of dzherel nabuvay is of great significance, below is a memoir. Leaves of the Emperor, in our sight, are much more, less laconic, notes, the stench was written for the enemies of the pod, which appeared, and in the greater number of vapors in the power of apologetic, At the same time, there is a stench of a serious shortcoming - the author's moods are added to the sheet. It is also necessary to go even more carefully to the epistolary dzherels. On the basis of our last day, the pages of K.P. Pobedonostseva Mikoli II. Smell open the house for us

35 Div: Mosolov A.A. At the courtyard of the rest of the emperor. Notes of the head of the office of the Ministry of the Court. SPb .: Nauka, 1992.262s.

36 Div: Yusupov F.F.Kinets Rasputina. M .: IPO Profizdat, 1990, 144s. sides of the reactionary policy of Oleksandr III and Sina, and to tell us about the role that K.P. Pobedonostseva formulation of political glances of the last Russian monarch.

The great significance of the publication of these sheets of 1923 7 and 1925 38. Of course, the stench is to take revenge on more information about the policy of Oleksandr III, and not about yogo sin. Big part of K.P. Pobedonostseva to Mikoli II was not published and was not published in the State Archives of the Russian Federation (f. 601).

A great interest for our presenter is the representation of the members of the Imperial Prince, especially the Emperor's leaf before the mother of Mary Fedorivna and the squad of Oleksandr Fedorivna. The leaves of Mikoli II had not yet been published until their mother, since it would have been impossible to replace the windows from them. The stench perebuyut at the GARF (f. 642).

U 1923 - 1927 pp. I saw the leaves of the monarch to his own royal retinue40. At p'yatytomne, the list of friends for 1894 - 1917 has gone down. Obviously, there is much more special here, and in the end there is little information about the political activity of the sovereign, at the same hour only in these sheets, in our glance, the specialness of the emperor will be revealed. Here the schiry is guilty of his own judgments about people and politics. Slide means that the list between the tsar's friends was carried on by English language, and only in Russian.

Neofitsiyne lisuvannya Mikoli II with the Nimetsian Emperor Wilhelm II, seen in 1923, was not less significant, but not before the epistolary dzherela. I’ll show you by sight, but the tse of the propositions, especially at the rock of the Russian monarch’s government they went from the Kaiser. Mykola II with the majestic indifference has come to see a whole lot of divas: K.P. Pobedonostsev that yogo korepondenti: Leaves and notes / Peredmova M.M. Pokrovsky. M .: Derzhvidav, 1923.414s.

Div: Pobedonostsev K.P. Leaves of Pobedonostsev to Oleksandr III: with additional leaves to Grand Duke Sergiy Oleksandrovich and Mikoli II. Moscow: Tsentrrhiv, 1925.464 p.

39 Div: GARF. F. 642. Op. 1.D. 3724

40 Div: Romanov N.A., Romanova A.F. List of Mikoli and Oleksandri Romanovikh. M .: Derzhvidav, 1923-1927. In 5 volumes. leafing from povagi to an older relative. From the emperor's notes it is clear that Wilhelm II was dragging on him. However, on the pages of Romanov, there are more lines than streams. Partially listing between Mykola II and Wilhelm II went up to the collection "Svitovi vіyni XX stolittya", vidanoi 2002 rock41.

In 2003, another compilation was issued with the leaves of the rest of the emperor under the name "Schoolchildren and Documents from the Special Archive of Mikoli II" 42. Until the new surroundings of the schoolchildren's records, and from the history of Mikoli II went away from the list of Mikoli II from the Swedish king Gustav V, the English king George V and the most European monarchs, as well as from the list of the Emperor John -

Rock earlier, 2002 rock was published by the list of the rest of the Russian autocrat of that dame A.A. Klopov 43. Before the beginning of the revision, no earlier published sheets were published, which open the richly political tammenitsy during the rule of Mykoly II. “I want the nobility to tell the truth,” - the words of the emperor of steel for A.A. Klopov Kerіvnіstvom until dії Mayzhe 20 rockіv. In his own sheets, an unspoken radnik informing the monarch about the capital city and in Glybintsy, prompting the need for reforming the Russian suspension, giving characteristics to ministers, villagers, and sovereigns.

Slid to mean innumerable leaves, vicorians from all presenters, altogether added them. S.Yu. Vitte (GARF, F. 1729), P.A. Stolipina (GARF, F.1729), P.A. Valuєva (GARF, F. 1729), I.M. Durnove (GARF, F. 1729), D.F. Trepova (GARF, F. 595), A.F. Koni (GARF, F. 1001) and іnshikh.

41 Div: Holy days of the XX century. T. 2.- M .: International Vidnosini, 2002.245s.

42 Div: Schodenniki and documents from a special archive Mikoli II: Spogadi. Memoir. Leaves. Minsk: Harvest, 2003.368s.

4j Div: Krilov V.M., Malevanov N.A., Travin V.I. Tayunny radnik of the emperor / Order. V.M. Krilov and іnshikh. SPb .: Petersburg - XXI century, 2002.199s.

I will leave a group of historical dzherels to become publishers and press. In the main dzherela, the tsієї group should lie down to presi. The Sovereign Archives of the Russian Federation obtains dozens of albums and newspaper copies, which will take place at the hour of the reign of Emperor Mikoli II. In our recent reports, an album of newspaper stories about the move of the Russian-Japanese war was published, 44 in some of the articles from this album, the author's words about the call of the emperor's policy, as well as the brutality of the monarch to his people, have been reclaimed.

There are also many robots who publish such periodicals, like the conservative newspaper "Moskovski Vidomosty", which was seen in Moscow MM. We'll be rolling and beating for yo life with a decent official. And also the view of the growing strains: "Uryadovy visnyk", "Kolishnu", "Uralsky robotic", "Sprave that dnі" and іnshі.

Of particular importance for the release of the publication at the "Chervony Archivi". In the 1920s, in this periodical form, the boules were published by the latest dzherela from the history of the Russian Empire, for example the XIX - on the ear of the XX century. 1928 The leaves of P.A. Stolipina to the emperor. For the first time, the saints of the rest of the Russian monarch were pampered in the first few journals. U 1927-1928 pp. The remains of the schodennikov records were published from 1916 until the 30th day of 1918.45 In 1934, the “Chervony Archivi” published the records from the first through 31st day of 1914. Already, the people who have been seen by us are one of the most important dzherels, who open up on the sides of young memoirs, spogadovs, schodens and leaves of the political glances of Emperor Mikoli II.

Otzhe, Dzherelna base vivchennya evolyutsii political glances of Emperor Mikoli II is great and versatile, khocha

44 Div: GARF. F. 601. Op. 1.D. 524

45 Div: Chervoniy archiv, 1927. - No. 1-3; Chervoniy Archiv, 1928. - No. 2. - P. 33-41. In general, the period has been secured by the dzherelis step by step. Efforts to select the documents and materials allow us to find out and analyze the nutritional status given by those who were installed.

For the analysis of the history of the problem and the formation and evolution of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II, the meta and zeal of the dissertational reading are taken into account.

The method of the last decade was the development of the political glances of the rest of the Russian autocracy for the minds of the crisis of autocracy, for example the XIX - the ear of the XX century, an analysis of the political glances of the same power.

As a matter of fact until the end of the day, the following message has been delivered:

Analyze your thoughts, they took the form of political glances at the decline of the throne (1881 - 1894);

Shows in a stream of political glances from the Emperor's power;

Prior to the relationship of the Emperor with provincial sovereign children;

Criticize the political position of Mikoli II pid hour of the First Russian Revolution;

Prostity of the main stage of the formation of political glances of the rest of the Russian monarch;

Show the pardon and prorahunka of the monarch in the period of the crisis of autocracy for example the XIX - on the ear of the XX century.

The chronological framework of the last years of the period from 1881 to December 1917, the period of the reign of Mykoly II Romanov and the hour of the reign of Emperor Oleksandr III as the period of the formation of political glances in the decline of the throne. At the border of the last few years, they saw a choice of stages of the evolution of the political glances of the monarch. First

1881 - 1894 rocky, tobto the period, if Mikola II became a downtrodden to the throne; other - 1894 - 1905 rock - the last rock of the rule of the young emperor to the ear of the first Russian revolution; the third - 1905 - 1914 rock, since the monarch was able to accept important political decisions for the latest crisis situations in the country; quarters - 1914 - lutiy 1917 rock, the last rock of the rule of the emperor and rock of the participation of Russia at the First World War.

Chronologically, until the end of the year, it was interlaced with the pod_types of the fierce 1917 rock, tied from the traditions of Mykoly II.

Ob'kt doslіdzhennya - political look and the power of the Emperor Mikoli I.

The subject of the preliminaries is the evolution of political views and the great power of the rest of the Russian emperor.

The methodological basis of the dissertation was the principle of history, objectivity, systemic and specific approach to the development of political glances by Mikoli II, as they convey a critical attitude to the dzherel, the idea of thinking on the basis of the universal context of the reality Vikoristani are methods of historical analysis as well as historically historical, retrospective, chronological, short.

When doslіdzhennі evolyutsії polіtichnih poglyadіv State dіyalnostі іmperatora Mykoly II rozglyadayutsya in vzaєmodії that vzaєmovplivі sotsіalno - ekonomіchnі that polіtichnі Minds Rosіyskoї іmperії (formatsіyny pіdhіd) that vpliv lyudskogo, osobistіsnogo chinnika (antropologіchny pіdhіd) on formuvannya polіtichnih poglyadіv Mykoly P.

Science novelty doslіdzhennya. Afterwards, a dissertation was given - one of the first robots, which was specially assigned to the evolution of political views and the great power of the rest of the Russian emperor. The main stages of the evolution of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II can be seen in a complex way in the chronological aftermath.

On the other hand, it was analyzed and for the first time introduced into the scientific research complex of archival materials, which made it possible to more actively and all the time to improve the understanding of spiritual problems, not to the end of the first problem of the general theory.

In the third, the periodization of the main stages of the political glances of Emperor Mikoli II is presented, the result of which was a statement about the changes that were seen in the political glances of the monarch and the flow of politics to them.

The practical significance of the dissertation robotics in the field of the potential for theoretical and applied research. The results of the last week can be found in the history of the XX century in the history of Russia, for example the XIX - on the ear of the XX century, the preparation of the lectures and special courses on the history of history, political, philosophical, philosophical problems

Approbation. The main aspects of the dissertational education were published in 15 scientific publications. Deyakі position of the dissertatsііy is seen in the lecture courses in Vitchіznyanaі history, culturology and politics for students of nonhuman Higher Education Institutions.

The structure of the robot. Dissertations are stored from the entry, two parts, several paragraphs, and the list of letters and letters.

Visnovok of Science Robotics dissertation on the topic "Look at politics and the great power of Mikoli II"

VISNOVOK

Mykola Oleksandrovich Romanov 22 rocky and 4 months after catching political and political power in the country, but no reason for the country of success from the great Russian empire, which took one part. For such a trivial period of the yogh rule, a few of the first rocky can be called unmistakably quiet. The larger part of the king of the Bula is marked by permanent shocks, uninterrupted folk hvilyuvanny... Such a camp is right in the empire of the throne of the renegotiated monarchist, the emperor Mikoli II, to take a low political act, and then to dare to the throne, which, on his mind, will be gifted by the will of the Creator.

The overwhelming reason for the crisis of autocracy, for example, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, was the inability of the ruling monarch to pretend to new minds, not to the nature of power. Having become the head of state, the emperor stood on conservative political positions. The extreme reactivity of the first glance that the rule is not wicked. Vin napolyagav on the non-ruinousness of the land privileges of the nobility, playing the opposite of liberal reforms. The Emperor was determined to be superbly firm, if it was about the lack of reactionary principles in the policy.

Zachist principles of autocracy becoming the outer stone of the political position of the rest of the Russian monarch. The first blow, which was the motivation for Mikol II to take action, was the revolution of 1905-1907. Vona zamusil yogo to go to the root of the system of dualistic monarchy from the legislative Duma for the protection of the crown of all the viconious that significant part of the legislative power, to clean up the dignified right from the most ancient right of the old law on the porch, acts of political freedom, granted by Manifest on 17 June 1905 to fate. A few oskilki tse changed the political glances of the emperor, wiping, scho they were found at the suspension, they became more stark.

The tight link between the state's organization and the political and political harmony was brought up before the misfortunes in the Russian - Japanese revolution sped up the ear of the First Russian revolution. A wider world of links between the internal political culture of the state and the building of a showcase of the gravity of war was demonstrated in 1914 - 1917. Here all the prorahunks of the autocrat appeared, yak yak sovereign dyach, and yak vіyskogo strategist. Having accepted the Supreme Command of the Army, Mykola II didn’t know how to reach all the successes, and let go of the countries of the whole country for self-fuel.

Lyutnev's revolution put a speck in front of the three-century rule of the Romanov dynasty. The paths, which were rapidly developing, in Petrograd did not deprive the emperor of the opportunity to continue his reactionary policy. Before the revolution, I have appeared without strength. In the atmosphere of joy, imushenoi self-determination and psychological shock, the monarch signed the order to the throne.

The whole document is not only the share of the emperor of that family, but of the third effort of the state, on the number of which is standing. After a dozen hour, the kolishn_imperator gliboko pochkoduvav about vchinena, rozkayavshis in his vchinka, ale the way back did not start. 22 fate and 4 months of an easy, court grip on the autocratic power was brought to the point where the stench could inevitably lead to the total collapse of the monarchy, and the whole family of the monarch was at the foot of the Yekaterinburg house of the merchant Ipatyev. In Russia, the tragic forms have become those that, as a rule, are common in all people's revolutions.

Our recent development of the main form and development of political glances Mikoli II. In their own pre-dignity, they saw chotiri during the development of the political glances of the Emperor.

The first period, which I am looking for in 1881 - 1894, became the period for the formation of political glances. For the first time, the announcement about the policy of the Maybutny Emperor has taken the form of Batko - the Emperor Oleksandr III. The dad's strong nature has become a butt for a new one. It's a pity that Oleksandr III morally strangled the sina, not giving room to the branches of the Vlast sujen. At the same time, from the Russian empire, he conveyed that conservative idea to the Tsarevich. Nі Oleksandr III, nі th sin Mikola II did not support the idea of the emperor - reformer Oleksandr II. Navpaki, the share of the rest became a lesson, like Mykola II forgot all his life: for liberal ideas in Russia, one can pay for vigorous lives, but the stench doesn’t come to the land. The conservative policy, as having carried out Oleksandr III, was successful, and now it is necessary to continue.

The ideas of conservatism were encouraged by the soul of the young Mikoli II K.P. Pobedonostsev, who was not only a colleague of Oleksandr III, but a mentor of the Tsarevich. In the first place of fate, the death of the father of the Victors was victorious in the role of a radnik for the young emperor. The authority of K.P. Pobєdonostseva Buv nezperechny. Winnie constantly nagaduvav Mikoly II about the non-destructiveness of the autocratic rule for the Russian Empire. Tsiu Ideyu the Emperor carried through the mustache of life. Win anxiously guarding those who have gone to you in the decline from the daddy and dіdiv.

Another period of the evolution of political glances, Mikoli II instructed him to go to the throne (1894 - 1905). The death of Oleksandr III, who was ill during the whole 1894 rik, caught the crown prince. Wine is not ready for this role, as the share was preparing for you. Ymovіrno, tsya obstavina і became the reason for political pardons, such as the young sovereign having rushed to the first fate of the rule. At the end of the hour, the priorities in the political glances of the monarch became obvious. Vіn vvvazh, wіth thіѕ obligations yak іmperator іn the last governing region. Be it a re-incarnation of the internal structure of the state before its plans were not included. Mykola II was given a great deal of authority, and they were wrapped around him. Before that, there were shortcomings at once, as in the character of the emperor, and in the character of his ministries, as the sutta accelerated the time. Bagato ministries came from my father, now, the stink of the booze is already in the kidnapped vіtsі and it was not so grateful, as I wanted b.

1905 becoming a turning point in the political testimony of the monarch. The first Russian revolution, viclikan by the conservative policy of the emperor, was forced to go into his deeds and the singing world changed the political look of the monarch. Not wanting to go to the same deeds for the rest of the hour, the emperor saw "Manifest 17 October 1905", which gave deyakі huge freedom. At the present moment, the emperor was checked on the "Constitution", ale vіn vidav Manifest. The revolution has fallen asleep, albeit socially ruined, but they became the cause of the First Russian Revolution so it didn’t be violated. Years later, the Emperor posed about the skone, and on the 17th day of the week of 1905, he put one of the best people in his life.

Pislya vidannya "Manifestu 17 zhovtnya 1905 fate" instruction of the offensive, the third stage of the development of political glances of the monarch (1905-1914). A whole hour of permanent internal political struggle of the emperor for the preservation of the autocracy's unassailable ambushes. At the very same hour at the address of the Emperor, special notes were constantly received, additional information, about the need for fundamental revisions. The autocrat is standing comfortably on the many positions, openly thinking about reform.

The new political glances of the Emperor came up with a message he praised him about the cry of the Sovereign Doom. The price of the decision was not easily given to the sovereign. Due to the efforts of the forces of enlisting the inadmissibility of the intercourse of their autocratic power, the power of the First State Duma of the Bula is backed up by it. The first admission to parliamentarism in the Russian empire appeared not far away. The failures of the monarch were crying at the internal politics of the monarch, who were afraid of giving the Duma more freedom.

The last stage of the evolution of political glances Mycoli II stood up for the participation of the Russian Empire in the First World War (1914 - 1917). This is the main respect not only of the emperor, but of the efforts of the community of the country to be taken care of at the preparation of the country until the participation in the events of the whole country. Conducted by the certificate of the emperor of the reorganization of the army in 1910, the bullet was completed, it was small, small, unrepentant in nature. Rosiya Bula is ready to go.

Until the ear of the monarch’s vіyskovyh actions, they didn’t have anything positive for Russia at all. Ale Mikola I, who was the head of the family, ignored the progress. The first failures of Russia in the winners showed that the best fight was true. Tim is not the man, the emperor has lost his temper and continued to support him. A patriotic pidyom at the first days of death nudging the monarch.

Along with one of the most important political pardons of the autocrat in the whole period, it became a decision about taking on the rules of the Supreme head commander. The decision played a fatal role in the Emperor's share. The greater number of the new Supreme head of the commander became to conduct over Petersburg, and Stavts. The situation at the front did not change with the arrival on the bright, and the atmosphere in the capital rose. To that, a new revolution caught the emperor of the zennatsk.

In the fierce 1917 rock, I respectfully read from St. Petersburg, but didn’t take in some ludicrous things. That day is already remarkable. The situation went out to the control. Mykola II, and in the course of the revolution, did not change his political glances. Win prodovzhuvav viriti in the need for the preservation of autocracy. Ale obstavini zmusili yogh signature Manifest about the vision of the throne. Tse buv is even more important and promises a croc, for which a conservative ruler is deprived for the safety of himself and his loved ones.

Having signed the Manifest about the reprimand of his brother, the Grand Duke Mikhail Oleksandrovich, Mykola II ceased to be the ruler of the great Russian empire, and became a huge man of the new land. For the moment of your political look, they didn’t be as significant as before.

The results of our experience allow the creation of a new foundation, which Mykola II will become the ideal ruler. Moreover, the acts of the yogo deiya (Khodinka, September 9, 1905) are similar to mischief. During the hours of the rule of Mikoli II, a lot of such evil has accumulated. For one day, the 9th of June 1905, if there were a thousand people who weren't guilty, I got merit for condemnation. Having seen the people with the bagnet of the army, the magnificent state of the police and the gendarmes, the sovereigns, with their children, fight for the preservation of their indiscriminate power. Zd_yysnyuchi political pomilki, vіn schiro vіriv, but all this activity is straightened out for the good of the empire.

The history of the last representative of the Romanov dynasty, the tsikava, deprived of oskilka, formally bowed the edge to the majestic period of the Russian history and put a cross over the whole era of the historical deed of the Russian people. The epilogue of the Roman dynasty passed through the political glances of the last representative of the dynasty, who was destroyed by the revolutionary thunderstorm of 1917. Tim is not a man, not a slid of forgetfulness, but the answer itself is by itself є a loosening and a result of a conflict between political rulership and the people.

The Emperor Mykola I became a man's garbage, sarcastic and withdrawn, extremely viable and kindly wicked, persistent in his perekonanny. Vin buv is an ideal cholovik and loving dad. A little bit of quality negatively signified the development of historical podіy. Lyubov to sіm'ї often zoosereditsya on the sovereign's right, she took an hour to respect. The monarchs were seized by the monarchs and the people, they were kept away from them when they were close. Otrimanne in nіy vikhovannya і such rice character, as the steel zapped zdіsnity revision, as boules are necessary. With such a rank, the specialness of the last Russian emperor is rich in what made the transition of historical podiyas in Russia to the ear of the XX century.

The problem of evolutive political glances of the Emperor Mikoli II є is somewhat new in the history of history. Її vivchennya has gone back to the 1990s. The fortunate camp of political glances of Emperor Mikoli II is due to the low quality of rice. There is a lot of talk of new advances in the pre-political work of the retired Russian monarch in the theory and methodology, history and knowledge. It is possible to find out and analyze the new topical aspects of the problem, to proceed to a comprehensive analysis.

The survivors of the Maybut need to take Zusille to the release of the all-out, comprehensive pre-life history of political glances Mikoli I. The wizard of robotics is able to look at the problem of political glances of the last Russian emperor all over the place, from the students as historians, and politologists, philosophers, sociologist of psychologists. I wish you respect that you need to see the idealization of Mykoly II, your introduction to the history of the history of the need for an active, universal and dynamic assessment, with the display of contradictions and difficult evoluces.

Inspiration of the political activity of Emperor Mykoly II may be seen in a new way, from the study to the analysis of theoretical glances of those who lived and who were foreigners. Establishments for the availability and availability of metropolitan and regional archives for the current year are more flexible in the development of local dzherels from this issue. It is necessary to continue living before the uninvolved dzherel, some of the unidentified documents can be attributed to the abundant non-virgin nutrition of the Russian history of the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century.

It is necessary to continue the development of the problem of political glances in Mikoli II both to professional historians and to students. Tse transfer initial courses at the system of higher education institutions of humanities. It is not necessary to look at the political glances of the rest of the Russian emperor okremo, it is possible to analyze in occasional with the political glances of the second emperors.

Political activity of Mikoli I, look at our days to visit the great metropolitan centers, and at the regional universities. It is unwise to shut off the inflow of the emperor to the whole country, for that the analysis and assessment of his political efficiency and glances can be made and wonders of art. The whole subject of the current year is successfully victorious at the earliest pledges of the ryvnya, so there would be a lot of distribution of lecture courses from the history of Russian provinces during the rule of Mikoli II.

For scientific teams, we will present the development of science galuses - for historians, politologists, sociologists and others. slid sp_vpratsyuvati with journalists. I need to practice attending to mass information, to know Russian because of political activity

239 of the last monarch and pragmatic to convey to the eye an objective picture of the king.

In 2007, in the Urals, the remains of the Imovir Grand Duchess Marya and Tsarevich Oleksiy were found in the Urals.

After the history of the development and development of the political glances of Emperor Mikoli II, I will learn science, and I will apply significance. The current situation in Russia until the singing world is ready for the present, as it was in the country on the ear of the 20th century. The extremely Russian suspension is going through a kind of suspense - political crisis, to get out of it with the help of strong political activities, to improve the quality of the suspension and the virginity of the strong deterioration. Evolution of the political glances of the Emperor Mikoli II can be as one of the symptoms of a serious turn of the vital historical science to the actual problems of the current Russian suspension, going through the period of folding, glorious reforms.

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Pitannya 01. Yakimi boules of special quality and political look Mikoli II?

View. Mykola II behind the words of the modern people of the same scale. Vіdminniy sіm'yanin and strenuous ludina, since she became a wonderful member of the suspension, but the role of the head of the suspension was not enough for you. After a political glance, he was a conservative, and after a while, before the inundation of superfluous circumstances, he could bring in some minor reforms, such as those of provinces.

Nutrition 02. What were the political programs of S. Yu. Vitte and VK Pleve?

View. S.Yu. Vitte and V.K. They didn’t keep the super-line of the liberal and the conservative, but prodded the old-time super-line of the invader of that word “janophil”. The first bachelor of Russia in the advanced modernization, having taken into account, before the hour of the growth of the industrial revolution, like in the light, here the bourgeoisie vitisnit the nobility, and the order of the reforms can be done by the power of the state. VC. I do not mind navpaki having established a special path for the development of Russia, hoping to recognize the need for such reforms.

Power supply 03. So also "Zubativ socialism"? What are your main ideas?

View. "Zubativskiy socialism" is a way of trying to create robots in the revolutionary organization, to reconnect them in the society to the interests of the group, as a prototype burst of interests. S.V. Zubatov usіma by the forces of іdtrimuvati іvnovagu mіzh by the forces and interests of the classes.

Pitannya 04. What is the reason for the growing dissatisfaction with the policy of Mikoli II?

View. Reasons:

1) students were encouraged to renew the autonomy of universities;

2) robots suffered from important minds and low wages;

3) the villagers suffered from the small land;

4) the Russian Empire did not have new national food;

5) the rice was taken into account and the anti-Jewish laws, as well as anti-Jewish attitudes in the suspension.

Power supply 05. Did you include vimogi buli before the programs of the RSDLP?

View. Program:

1) the fall of autocracy;

2) the reincarnation of Russia from a democratic republic;

3) the right vibe to the right;

4) democratic freedom;

5) wider self-preparation;

6) the right of the nation to self-designation;

7) equal parity of nationalities in Russia;

8) turning the villagers away from the land;

9) kasuvannya vikupnyh and quitrent payments, turned to the villagers previously paid;

10) 8-year working day;

11) kasuvannya penalties and normal robots;

12) the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat for the sake of socialism.

Food 06. What are the special programs and tactics of the servers?

View. features:

1) the neseri didn’t creep into one class, but the whole, as the stench called him, “working class”, which for the most part included both the peasantry, the proletariat, and the intellect;

2) the idea of bringing down the autocracy in order to change the share of Russia for the sake of the share of Russia, which was taken by the people nationwide;

3) the eseri did not recognize the right of the people to re-establish national independence, but stood for the re-incarnation of Russia into the federation;

4) one of the main factors in the fight against eseries and individual terror.

Meal 07. Have you seen the positions of the revolutionary and liberal forces?

View. The main opinion is that the liberals stood up for the reform of the state, while the revolutionaries stood for the downfall of the orderly ruler by a rapist noble. In addition, the liberal movement was dying out in a large line, the people of the current flow were lost to save the monarchy, and I’ll arrange for the re-creation of the sovereign.

TAKE A LOOK AT LIFE THAT FEATURE OF MICOLI II
FREQUENTLY ZOVSIM DOESN'T VIDPOVIDAYUTSNOUSNOSTI

On the coming day of the canonization of Emperor Mikoli II and his motherland, our correspondents went into the distance to see the authoritative fakhivtsy at the Galusia of the History of the Monarchy in Russia, viclade of the Moscow Spiritual Academy, Archpriest Aresmus. Father Valentin made a report on our power supply for the specialty of the newly glorified saint, of his sovereign and ecclesiastical activity.

THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE KING-PASSENGER
OLEXANDER III, MIKOLA II - FATHER I SIN
MICOLA II AT THE MIDDLE LITTLE
SURROUNDED MIKOLI II
POLITICAL DIALNIST MIKOLI II
VIDRICHENNYA VID TO THE PRESTOLU, REVOLUTION, TSAROV
THE CHURCH-POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE GLORIOUS MIKOLI II І YOGO RODINI

Father Valentin, at the call of the sovereign's canonization, food about his specialty has become overwhelming, even now it has been declared a saint. Tim an hour to finish a wide number of literature about new one can know and in the region humiliating assessments of the sovereign of that people. How do you like this one to read everybody?

It is necessary to say that it is not deprived of the Radianskih history to fearfully assess the person of Emperor Mikoli II. The lack of Russian and backward liberal, so-called bourgeois historians, estimate it almost like that. In order to finish the assessment, I would like to wait two spokiynі and ob'ktivnі dlіdzhennya. One to finish the old, written in the 30s - 40s rock, by Sergei Sergiyovich Oldenburg, - "Tsaryuvannya Emperor Mikoli II". The Qia book was recently seen by Russia. It is better for our fellow historian Oleksandr Mikolayovich Bokhanov. Bokhanov's book "Mykola II" showcased the same kilka vidan, zokrem in the series "Life of Wonderful People".

THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE KING-PASSENGER

The walls of Mikoli II, the friend, are reminiscent of the mysterious name of God. Yake is the meaning of a small orthodox vera in your life?

Bezperechno, vira and churches borrowed the best place from the life of Mikoli II. It’s not only that I’m not guilty of God, but for those who didn’t miss the not-so-long holy services, and we can say that in all the time, prayer has sent more and more Win, without question, having grasped his power as serving God, and at the same hour, having grasped his own power as the possession, given to him from God. I said that I was not guilty before God, that I was not guilty before any earthly institutions, and at the same time I felt that I was not guilty before God.

At home, the role of Mikoli II in the glorified Reverend Seraphim of Sarov is especially special, he helped the monasteries and religious associations, Orthodox brotherhoods. How much did it have to do with the church spheres, was it rimmed to throw Mikoly II at the protracted cry of the Church Council?

Mykola II took the most active part from the glorified Venerable Seraphim of Sarov, and from the lower canonization, which is by definition the first king. The canonization of the boule is even more common in the synodal period. For the whole XIX century before Mikoli II, there were two canonizations melodiously: Mitrofan Voronezky for Mikoli I and Tikhon Zadonsky for Oleksandr II. And the axis behind Mikoli II of canonization went one by one, and the actions of them were important for the monarch.

Mykola II is very robust for the maintenance of the church, monasteries for the education and expansion of the hedge of the church-parafial schools, such as the important lanka of cob folk education in the Russian Empire.

Zakidi Mikoli II at the sight of the cry of the church cathedral was absolutely unprimed, and that Mikola II was the initiator of the call to the cathedral, without ever bothering to speak. Still 1904 p. Mikola II wrote a leaf to Pobedonostsev, in which he said that the church's food was guilty of being sent to church cathedrals. The whole leaf, viciously, having become a vidomim, and from the side of the bishopric appeared an initiative in vidpovid. Ale, the situation was not viral, and I know that the cathedral itself was born in 1917. on our cob if we don’t have a worm, then we will take it. First of all, Mikola II, like a rosy, that the cathedral did not bring the godfathers from the minds of the minds, was sent to the cathedral.

At the Emotional Rivna of Mykola II, the boules show the pre-Petrovskiy Rus in close proximity to the Mistresses, to those who visit and to look at the political life. What kind of world of yogo centrality did you catch up with the glances of the current political life? What was the vidguk of the suspension of the praying Mikoli II to the spiritual and political traditions of Holy Russia?

Mykola II was not only at the Emotional Rivne, loving pre-Petrovsk Russia, he was one of the most popular old Russian ikons and a lot of interest in ikons in suspensions. He was the initiator of the restoration of old-time churches and the establishment of new churches near the old Russian, and not neo-Russian, as before, the style and design of these churches in the contemporary style of the XVI century. You can name such churches as the Cathedral of Theodorovsky Sovereign at Tsarskoe Selo and the Church of St. Alexis in Leipzig, prompting until the capital of the Battle of the Nations in 1913 r.

Such interests of Mikoli II could have been seen by people as a mystery, and a little bit by the suspicion of the stench that they were accustomed to unpopularity. Zagalom the interest of the suspension was sent to the іnshiy bіk. In addition, it can be said that Mikola II is a spiritual sense of a rather unhappy people.

How did they evaluate the specialness of Mikoli II, who were the devotees and spiritual authorities?

Prophecy of St. Seraphim: "Hail the Tsar, who will glorify me ... to magnify the Tsar."

St. John of Kronstadt: “We have a righteous and pious life, God sends you an important chrest of citizens, as it is said by a mystic ...:“ Whom I love, I quietly repent and I will not punish. ” among the Russian people, the end of the world is close. God will take away the pious Tsar and send a scourge in the person of the godless, savage, self-styled rulers, who flood the earth with blood and tears. "

Optinsky elder Anatoly (Potapov): "There is no great sin, not the support of the will of the Anointed of God. Take care of Yogo, for the earth ruska and Vira are Orthodox ... The Tsar's share is Russia's share. And Russia ... Yak a ludin with a cut head is no longer a ludin, but a corpse that stinks, so Russia without a Tsar will be a stinking corpse. "

Optina Elder Nectar: "The Tsar will be a great martyr."

Saints. Tychin Moskovsky: "Win, looking to the throne, being afraid of the price, looking forward to the good of Russia and from love to her. Win my bi, because of maturity, to know myself I am safe and, as a matter of fact, I am not afraid of life behind the cordon, I am not afraid not alive for the polishennya of his camp, completely cared for ... "

Metropolitan Anthony (Blum): "The sovereign and himself and all his family have given to the martyr, having respected, that in the first and foremost person on the Cross of Russia and that, representing the world of peace, the wines of her in no way About those, like the sovereign, the Tsarska family finished their earthly countrymen, we can judge by the sign that they crumbled in the fields of the Holy Fathers' writings, like the bully in their hands ... and the leaves of the Sovereign and the children ... about the self-giving of the Tsar's family in God's hands without girkoti, with trepidation, so wondrously we twist in Virsha one of the Great Princes. "

OLEXANDER III, MIKOLA II - FATHER I SIN

Yaky infused into the formulation of the specialness and political glances of Mykoly II against his father Oleksandr III, our most "successful and strong" emperor. Naskіlki Mikola II, having taken his political look?

Zvisno, Oleksandr III has significantly infused his sine Mikoli II. Oleksandr III will be recruited as a henchman of the autocracy, and Mykola II will be recruited from a particular vikhovannya and a vidpovidny warehouse of vikhovateliv and vchiteliv. Dawn, great significance, little inflow of K.P. Pobedonostsev - a wonderful Russian civilian, tobot fakhivtsya from civil law, which in the last rik of Tsar Oleksandr II will call the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod. Having progressed through the settlement in a stretch of 25 rockets, the Victors became an important opponent of the representatives of the establishment that quietly forms of national life, which showed a backward democracy. Vіn vvazhav, wіn tsі form carry the bend of Russia, і, zalom, wіn mav ratsіyu, yak mi bachimo.

To say that Oleksandr III will be a suvorian daddy, how much of a dummy is correct?

Oleksandr III wykhovuvav, a child of great severity, say, no more than 15 khvili came to him. Children are not enough to sit down for a style and get up at the table at once with their fathers, and children often go hungry, as the stench did not fit into the center, so the frame is too horrible for children. You can boldly say that Mykola II has made a reference to his life, and a help from his life, Mykola II has seen all his life in his life, since he started out from his psychology and rich in what his life.

Oleksandr III repeatedly declared the very family nature of his hundred-and-one-hundred-and-fifty-year-olds. What are some of the ideas for my son Mikola II?

Mykola II completely adopted the paternalistic style of Oleksandr III. In the protest of Mykola II, he felt the great streaming and his father's feeling that he was most often havav, who were found in vinyatka vines. Ale stench bully yomu duzhe lured.

MICOLA II AT THE MIDDLE LITTLE

A lot of memoirs meant that Mykola II was distant from the so-called tsar’s nausea, gratitude, zagalivy emotsіy, the spring is often brought up a bit about those who didn’t like the sovereign to talk. Participants of the bully shilny sprymati ci rice yogo character yak witnessing lack of will and baiduzhost. What are the correct estimates?

Mykola II had a great streamer power, and it could have turned out that he was apathetic and baiduzh. As a matter of fact, it’s not like that. Yoma of the majestic Zusil varto didn’t appear as if the stench asked for a name. The stream of one could see shokuvati, but we could say that in the last month of the life of the sovereign, if it’s because of its seven twisting on the side, to that scho win literally didn’t kill the cheap hibiscus. Win nis sv_y visnovok, from one side, from humility, from the other side, from the best friend. Winn nikoli is not vimagin nothing for himself, for his family, he vyaviv for the whole month of fairness tsarska great.

The pupil of Mykoly II will gradually guess the reading of additional explanations and priyom of ministries. Yakim bulo more robustly navantazhennya autocrat?

More robustly navantazhennya autocrat bulo unpomirnim. Today you can read a great number of papers and work on the skin with a resolution. For the whole of the great robot, there is a need for good quality, which means people who knew him well. Mіzh іnshim, wіn mav thаt thе romanіvs power іn a phenomenal memory, і it is possible to say, even in one tsom those who wіn, wіth tsar's ancestors blinded by God Himself to serve for the unrelenting difficult life.

Why should I have assigned my connection?

The dose to the emperor is not so abundant. Vin spent the day with the family, busy with the children, reading the literature and the history of the artist. Winning even more love for history and rich reading of history. Yomu got in power as well as forms of power, as in power by professional vіyskovim. Vin loving sports and zokrema, loving love. Tse such long time ago they were right, as for the war on the ear of the twentieth century they took all their meaning.

Yak the role of the life of Mikoli II grale yogo sim'ya?

Mykola II Buv Zrazkovy Sim'yanin. As I said, I’m sure I’ll do my best to spend in the same number with the squad and children. I am the members of the great motherland of the Bula, love and spiritual unity.

SURROUNDED MIKOLI II

I know a thought from a bagatokh memoirist about a significant infusion, which was put on Mikola II at the time of the reigning mother, Empress Maria, Oleksandr Fedorivna's squad. Is it right?

If you want to flow into Mykola II, then, mossily, efficiently and mothers, and the squad - two empresses could have flown in. In the first place, there is nothing marvelous. It’s not just right, but it’s necessary good health, for that, to take part in the life of this state, because they loved the stench so much and wanted to serve the stench.

p align = "justify"> A special place in Mikoli II loaned out is Rasputin, like, those "people of neglect" were supposed to reach close to the individual autocrat. What are the special features of Mikoli ІІ's hundred-and-fifty-fifty?

As for the famous Grigoriy Yukhimovich Rasputin, then they brought to the courtyard even more spiritual individuals, the middle of which can be called such in Petersburg people, like Archimandrite Theophanes (Bistriv), rector of the St.

For Mykoly II, the same squad was spilkuvannya with a lot of people, he was worthy as a spilkuvannya with a representative of the bagatomilyon Russian peasantry, as the moment was encouraged to convey the king's throne. Well, before the inflow of Rasputin, then the blame is immeasurably blown up by unscrupulous political propaganda. As soon as you will turn up until the end of Oldenburg, as I have already guessed, you will not be able to find a bit of a meaningful flow of Rasputin on the sovereign right.

The order from the statement about pouring into the activity of Mykoly II of the second ration was taken from the main stages of this sovereign activity not because of the name, but because of the names of the dignitaries, for example, the financial reform - from those, to the ages. pits of Stolipina. Was it rimmed?

Those who were wondering dignitaries for the king Mikoli II, such as Vitte, Stolipin - not marvelous, only one of the authorities of Mykoly II - the mind knows the other men. Seemingly, as a native of St. Petersburg Stolipin. Mykola II after reading the already respectfully scandalous call of the governors. The axis of the middle of a multitude of provincial governors knows one thing - Stolipin, and having respect for the needs, approach yourself, become a minister, and then a premier.

POLITICAL DIALNIST MIKOLI II

On the ear of tsar Mykola II, he made a loud statement about his vindication to the principles of autocracy. However, with the help of a trip to the stem, a representative authority was installed, such as, its own house, two releases. How can you talk about the presence of a clear political line?

Wanting the enemies of the autocracy said, znuschayuchis, pislya 17 October 1905 p. The title of the Autocratic Man is not more significant, the title of Spadkoymsky Norvezky (one of the official titles of the Russian Sovereign), a new political system, like the temptations of the authorities of Mikola II, was not held as a "constitutional" by the parliament. To his political reconciliation, Mykola II pushed back to reason and spirits with support, thirsty for change, and amazed by his willingness to act. ., altogether for a moment, having stretched out the hand of reconciling him, who politically bouw from him is useful. The axis of such a bridge between the supreme dominion and the people was guilty of the tsar's state of affairs. , the ruin of the Russian state itself.

Mykola II, for his initiative, secured the overrepresentation of the peasantry among the first and other State Duma. How did you manage to support the political welfare of the peasantry? How close were the tsars and the people?

Zvychayno, Mykola II holed up on the peasantry, as it was widely represented in the 1st and 2nd State Duma, but the hope for peasantry still showed the royal idealism as a singing world, and peasantry did not appear. Bagato of the village's deputies appeared to be drawn into the party of labor, as it was to the legal parties of the terrorist party of the serivs. And some of the villagers - the deputies of the State Duma, bully spied in the world as participants in the development of the country, as they operated in St. Petersburg and the outskirts. Even more richly and in the intellectual and in the grand allegiances of the people they pushed democracy down to the people's representation, parliamentarism, and respected the people to grow up to grow up, to get along without the czar's father. To that mood, the political reconsideration of Mikoli II and to reach the significant part of the previous year did not match. Naskіlki pardoned that, hto pushing back the expansion of democracy and the use of the tsar’s power, it was already revealed in the fierce 1917 fate.

Radianskih historians created the image of the monarchy as a system and despotism and police terror. What special features of the legal system of Russia and the legal status of the monarchy in that period?

The Russian monarchy didn’t bear the land’s despotism and the police’s terror. To a great deal of despotism and omnipotent police in Russia, it’s not too big, but not, for example, in Zakhidniy Evropi. This is because there is only one policeman in Russia, having fallen on a large number of populations, nowhere near France. In Russia, the boules are absolutely unmistakable, such as were learned from France, for example. Franzia on the cob XX century. They could, say, shoot the hell out of the way, as if I won’t chomus, as having venerated the patriarch’s satrap, the police order. And in 1914, in the coming rock of the first world war, France was mercilessly shot for the least threat of state security. There is a lot of construction there, but in Russia before the very big revolution, it’s not possible to see it, but it can also be done.

The image of Mykoly II as an insignificant and harsh ruler is rich in tying from the crooked podiatry of 1905, from the Russian-Japanese era. Yak Vee, do you think about the facts of our history?

Tsaryuvannya Mikoli II is an hour even less significant in Russia. The price for the growth is unsettled, the bullets are so unfortunate as they are for Japan. But it was not the fault of Japan itself that was such an overwhelming thrashing, as to depict unscrupulous histories. To navigate the fate of the first light revolution before the lute revolution is the whole hour of an unprecedented economic development of Russia, if she herself could see the most important and serious problems that she faced. The big sickle of 1914 is fatal - the problem of anxiety, shell hunger - it’s overwhelming for the vlast forces, the development of their own promiscuity, and those who don’t help the call, Antanti. Nіmtsі zupinilis far on Zakhodі: the stench did not blockade Petersburg, did not stand in front of Moscow, did not reach the Volga and the Caucasus. The stench paid for a lease of 1918 p. for bіlshovikіv.

VIDRICHENNYA VID TO THE PRESTOLU, REVOLUTION, TSAROV

The meeting of Mikoli II from the throne of the viglyadє as with the ruin of the monarchy by the tsar himself. Yak Vi will estimate the tse?

Bachiti at the glorious witness of the ruin of the monarchy by the tsar can only be deprived of the people who know the history and the turban are deprived of one thing - just to fool the sovereign. Pan knocked his mustache in order to make the revolution with a wicked hand, and only if he beat me, but tell him not to shout, but to command your fronts to see you in your mind, but you don't get angry at the weather, because of the temptations. Surely, mindlessly, we can’t say so on the ground about the culture of Mykoly II from the tsar’s power, as about the salvation of the Russian people in the person of the most attractive of their representatives from Mykoly II and from the monarchy.

Timchasovim uryad opened the so-called Supervised Sidch of the Comisia for the investigation of evil in the tsarist regime. Yakim appeared її visnovki?

The oversight of the Commission for the investigation of the evil of the tsarist regime, launched by the Timchasov district, was immediately sent to the Lute revolution and prodded the robot right up to the Zhovtnevo revolution. Vona was made up of the nicest lawyers of today's Russia, and moreover, of course, there were people who went to the tsar’s regime. The first axis of the comic, as all the possibilities are small, so it didn’t see the current evil of the tsarist regime. And the most evil, who wanted to see the comic - tse the same talk behind the backs of the warring people, about a separate peace from Nimechchinoy. It appeared that Mykola II was born from the drills of the proposition, as on the right from the Nimetsky side there were the last misses of failure.

There is no single thought for the assessment of the reasons for the Tsarevbyism, a step to blame the whole evil of the Russian people by zalom. Yakim can repentance be with the grave of Tsarevbyism?

To assess the reasons for the Tsarevivism, a step of guilt in the whole evil of the Russian people in general, then, I think, it is said about the end of the two beasts of the Holy Patriarch and the Holy Synod for the drive of the Tsarevvostvo. The stinks of a boolean crunch are similar to 1993 and 1998 rock. There must be no blame for repentance and, obviously, our generation knows what to repent for: we could wait with the princes, we could see them, they could turn up those nonsense, and we were told about the Emperor. I, as a priest, can witness how many people know who to repent at the ring of tsim.

THE CHURCH-POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE GLORIOUS MIKOLI II І YOGO RODINI

Є a thought, glorified by the tsar's family by the Russian Church behind the cordon, not less than a church, but a political motive.

The idea of the glorification of Mikoli II in the face of the saints was caught up in the ear of the 20s. The glorification of the royal family by the Church of the Foreign Church in 1981, there was still a church glorification, it’s not a little political aspect, and it should be brought to them that glorification was not expected. The Tsarska homeland of the Bula was glorified in a host of approximately 10,000 new martyrs and spovidniks of Russia. Already in the middle of the people’s chanuvannya, as a Zakordon, and in Russia itself, he put the king’s family on the choly crowd, a little bit quietly, like that of 1981 p. having met the chastkov, "mistsev" canonization.

Why don't you be afraid? Why, for the glorifications of Mykoly II, the political confrontation in the Russian suspension will sharply escalate, until the Church is commissioned?

As soon as confrontation, as I could have been victorious, as the deyaki was guarded, at the Russian suspension through the canonization of Mikoli II in Russia, then I think that such confrontation wouldn’t be, I can’t be, for the sake of praying for all these things. To pray holy and for quietly, for who to love, and for quiet, who to hate. If the opponents of canonization want to encumber us with a church crackdown, but I think that there will be no dissent, it matters to the majority of our clergy and laity for canonization, and those who are not very opposed to the discipline of canonization, future do not kill fatal crocs.

We know that people who stood up as opponents of canonization, as if they themselves had already seen the Church. For example, Archpriest V'yacheslav Polosin, who wrote one of the most difficult articles about Mykola II, rode two times in Islam, having seen Christianity and accepted muslimske im'ya Ali. I think it’s not a matter of respect that the tackling of the community of people in Islam has become the emblematic of the young, shvid glorification of Mikoli II. Win, mabut, everybody has enough doses for such a ridiculous and fatal crocus. The second butt: colish member of the Synodal Committee for the Canonization of Saints Ignatius Ignatius (Krekshin), who was the last adversary of the canonization of Mykoly II, who escaped to the Catholic Church and to serve the Catholic Church I know that there is no need to think, but the prospect of the canonization of Mikoli II was a vignette of a later clergyman from the Orthodox Church. The Catholic Church, in part, cannot be said, that it is already seen from the Orthodox Church, so that a host of holy kings and a long, long time ago, the process of the canonization of the Austrian era will be seen in the Catholic Church; I wish I was not a martyr, but the singing part of the Catholics wanted to be honored.

How can you tell about the miracle-working vipadki, knitted from the shanuvannya of the memory of Mikoli II of that yogo family?

Mykoly II's great shanu's character is great, and I can say that there are no new martyrs, who are madly and great saints, the people do not shanu like that, as Mikoly II shanu's that homeland. The miraculous, tied with the shanuvannya of the royal family, bear the seal of irrefutable reference, and in all of them there is a change of skin, who read the miracles of the books, folded by the prototypes by Oleksandr Shargunov.

Z prot. Valentin Asmus
Semyon Sokolov
Lyudmila Bonyushkina