What are industrial buildings. Construction of industrial buildings and structures. Design and construction

During the construction of industrial premises and buildings, it is necessary to carry out design taking into account all the features of the future workshop. This takes into account the following:

• the premises must comply with the technical requirements of the production,
• aesthetic appearance,
• potential for expanding the workshop without stopping equipment,
• calculation of engineering systems,
• use of emergency warning systems,
• providing fire extinguishing systems,
• taking into account potentially dangerous factors ranging from the aggressiveness of the production environment to the explosion and fire hazard of production, possible technological emissions that can negatively affect the environment.

Modern production halls are distinguished by wide spans, high ceilings, and it is often required to provide multi-ton loads on the frame, which is due to the installation of transport equipment. That is why factors that can destroy the building should be taken into account at the design stage.

To build a production facility, it is not at all necessary to choose the most expensive construction option - prefabricated structures, no worse than capital buildings, meet all the requirements of modern production. This allows you to quickly and without special costs to build production shops in the required area.

In recent years, the trend for the construction of industrial and industrial buildings has been leaning towards the construction of facilities using metal structures. The use of this technique allows you to drastically reduce the project delivery time, as well as reduce financial costs. At the same time, modern pre-fabricated buildings allow taking into account all the wishes of the owner, including providing large building areas. At the same time, metal structures do not require the laying of an expensive capital foundation, they perfectly resist aggressive environmental influences and ensure the preservation of the necessary indoor microclimate, which ensures optimal working conditions for personnel and equipment operation. The development of a project for a pre-fabricated industrial building, taking into account the specialization of the object, allows you to get a room in which you can install all kinds of specialized production lines, complex technological equipment - while the building will be fully functional. Frame buildings are designed for a long service life and have the necessary prospects for reconstruction to expand production.

The main stages of the construction of industrial premises

The construction of a prefabricated industrial building is characterized by a shorter construction period compared to capital buildings. Moreover, installation is carried out at any time of the year, which is also a noticeable advantage. If you have a project for the production of industrial building work, you can proceed to construction:

• Marking strip or pile foundation,
• Site preparation,
• Implementation of the foundation,
• Laying waterproofing,
• Preparation of the metal frame, which includes the priming of the metal elements,
• Installation work of fastening the frame,
• Installation work of wall fences, facade and roof,
• Installation of technological lifting equipment, guides, rails and other elements of underground industrial communications,
• Floor installation,
• Arrangement of internal partitions and doors for industrial premises,
• Installation of machines,
• Finishing facilities,
• Start-up and adjustment of the equipment park.

The industrial workshop is then ready to go.

Improvement of production facilities

If there are certain technological requirements for production facilities, it is possible to carry out improvements that make it possible to ensure the established standards for certain types of work - safety requirements, standards for working conditions, ecology, etc. The list of such works may include the following:

• Additional insulation of industrial premises, installation of air conditioning to maintain a special microclimate, etc.,
• Vibration insulation, sound insulation of industrial premises,
• Installation of additional doors, partitions for industrial premises, local air curtains, etc.

Prefabricated objects with metal structures can be widely used for industrial purposes - in such buildings are factories and factories, workshops, workshops. At the same time, the costs for the construction of prefabricated buildings are noticeably lower than any other option for the construction of capital objects, be it bricks or foam blocks.

PSK StroyHolding Group offers services for the design and construction of industrial buildings of various configurations in Moscow and the Moscow region. We can carry out for the most varied needs of your company, using the most modern construction technologies and materials of high reliability and quality. Industrial construction is a special area that requires a responsible approach and professionalism. It is these principles that underlie the work of our company's specialists. We can offer our customers the construction of various industrial facilities.

Our services:

• erection and installation of industrial buildings made of reinforced concrete;
• production of warehouse complexes, terminals, hangars using a metal frame;
• project development and construction of shopping malls
• construction of car service stations, car dealerships;
• construction of buildings on the basis of modular metal structures.

Construction of industrial buildings: some examples from the portfolio

We provide an integrated approach to the construction of industrial buildings: from technical support of a construction object, issuance of title documents, to its commissioning, which allows our clients to minimize the cost of implementing their investment project and promptly respond to changes in external factors. You can order from us construction of industrial buildings of any complexity.

The construction of industrial buildings is carried out for the needs of various industries. Depending on the type of activity and technological processes, there are several basic design solutions:

• energy buildings (electrical substations, thermal power plants);
• industrial (intended for the production of products);
• transport and storage (, garages);
• auxiliary (factory canteens, medical units, household buildings).

The classification of industrial buildings is carried out according to several principles and has many types. Industrial buildings are divided into four classes, where the first is structures with increased requirements, and the fourth is with minimum requirements. During construction, fire resistance and service life are taken into account. There are three degrees of durability of structures:

I - the term of use is about 100 years;
II - at least 50 years old;
III - at least 20 years of service.

The fire resistance of building structures has five main degrees, where buildings of the first class are attributed to at least II degree, second-class buildings have a third degree, and in buildings of III and IV classes the fire resistance of the base is not numbered.

Construction of industrial buildings

Based on the architectural classification, industrial buildings are divided into single-storey, multi-storey and mixed-storey buildings.

When erecting a building, which will house large-sized machines, heavy equipment, and the technological process itself takes place in a horizontal position, one-story buildings are characteristic. They can consist of several spans, separated by partitions.

In multi-storey buildings, food, radio engineering and light industries are often located. The first floors are allocated for large-sized installations, equipment for pumping waste water. The upper ones are fire hazardous technologies, industries that emit gas emissions.

Classification by placement of internal supports:

• flyby;
• cellular;
• halls;
• combined.

Span buildings are the most common in industrial buildings. In them, the span width dominates the pitch of the supports.

The cell type of building is often characterized by a square grid of supports with a small transverse and longitudinal pitch. The processing lines are perpendicular.

Hall buildings are found in industries that require large work areas. They do not use internal supports.

All or several of the listed types can be found in a combined building.

If we proceed from the material of the supporting structures, then they are distinguished by:

• with a reinforced concrete frame (monolithic, prefabricated or precast-monolithic);
• with a steel frame;
• with brick walls and various coatings.

Industrial buildings may have handling equipment. They are divided into crane, with overhead or bridge transport, and craneless. Also, in production, floor intrashop transport is used, which in turn can be rail and trackless.

When using railway transport, rail tracks are laid during construction. Often, they are found in single-storey structures in heavy industry.

Engineering systems of an industrial building

Engineering systems of an industrial building are designed to ensure the normal life of enterprises by arranging communications. Individual engineering systems are selected depending on the type of industry and the technical characteristics of the work process.

There are two types of systems: indoor and outdoor. The internal ones are located inside the object, and the external ones, respectively, are localized outside the building itself.

Types of engineering systems:

• water supply and sewerage systems;
• and air conditioning;
• power supply systems.

The installation of the water supply system for industrial facilities is carried out either from the city water supply network, or from the nearest reservoirs. There are several main components that are responsible for the quality and continuity of water supply:

1. The filtration unit is responsible for purifying water from impurities;
2. Water lifting units regulate the water supply;
3. Accumulation tanks allow the accumulation of water supply.

Industrial water supply systems are divided into three types (industrial, fire-fighting, combined), depending on the purpose.

Industrial water pipelines supply water for technical needs, washing and cooling of raw materials.

Fire protection systems are distinguished by their installation features. In fire-hazardous premises, an internal water supply system with pumps is laid so that in the event of a fire, they have access to a large water pressure.

Unified systems are installed in mixed enterprises. Drinking water is supplied through the water supply system, which can also be used for industrial purposes.

Industrial heating systems are fundamentally different from residential heating systems. Before installing heat supply systems, several nuances should be considered:

• the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the height of the ceilings;
• heat loss (ventilation is installed at enterprises, which significantly reduces the concentration of warm air);
• compliance of the heating system with fire safety requirements;
• mobility of heating (used in buildings that are heated only during working hours).

It is advisable to consider the possibility of installing several types of heating at once in production. This is appropriate for a multi-purpose enterprise and multi-storey building.

Heating with air ducts is economical. The equipped system can be used for ventilation and air conditioning. The heating process itself occurs by directing warm air into the duct system, from where it enters all rooms.

Radiator heating system with independent circuits, allows you to adjust the temperature depending on production needs. Different rooms have their own temperature minimum. Radiator heating saves the consumed heat resources.

Local heaters are used to create an autonomous heating system in production. These include convectors, heat pumps, guns.

The ventilation system of industrial buildings consists of general and local ventilation. At enterprises where a large amount of toxic substances and dust is emitted during operation, exhaust systems with special collectors are used.

Exhaust systems in production are placed under the ceiling (this is where the highest concentration of harmful substances is), and supply systems in the lower part of the room. In industries that generate heavy dust, a ceiling-mounted general exchange system is used.

The use of air conditioning in an industrial building is one of the most important aspects. There are several types of air conditioners used:

• central air conditioners;
• precision air conditioners;
• multi-zone systems;
• chillers and fan coil units.

Depending on the needs of the enterprise and the field of activity, an air conditioning system is installed. Sometimes, several types are used for different rooms.

Power supply systems for industrial buildings are designed based on the expected load. Installation of both high-voltage and low-voltage networks is carried out. The enterprises install protective equipment for power grids, backup power supplies.

INDUSTRIAL BUILDING,industrial buildings of industrial enterprises, buildings intended for the placement of industrial. production and providing the necessary conditions for the work of people and the operation of technological. equipment.

How they stand on their own. type of building P. z. appeared in the era industrial revolution,when the need arose for large spaces for cars and numerous. workers. The first P. z. were rectangular in plan, with bearing brick or kam. walls and wooden beams [Stratt and Needa factory in Belper (Derbyshire), Great Britain, 1771]. Purely utilitarian solutions prevailed: an extended array of non-plastering. the walls were often divided only by pilasters and were decorated with belts of figured masonry. Sometimes in the external finishing of P. z. decorative elements of various architects were used. styles (for example, classicistic motifs in the architecture of factories in the Urals in the late 18th - 1st half of the 19th centuries); this tradition was preserved in the building of many others. P. z. up to the beginning. 20th century

Builds with development. technology and the emergence of such new builds. materials such as metal and reinforced concrete, frame structures were developed, which made it possible to abandon the tradition. composites. schemes and create a diet. the layout of workshops in accordance with the requirements of the production technology. Application with con. 18th century in building P. z. a frame made of cast-iron racks and beams made it possible to erect less massive walls, increase the number of storeys and dimensions of skylights, which immediately had a noticeable effect on the appearance of the building. [factory "Bennon Badge and Marshall" in Shrewsbury (Shropshire), Great Britain, 1796]. Appearance in the beginning. 19th century metal ceilings farms and their subsequent improvement made it possible to create large spans with sparse supports that do not interfere with the installation of equipment (Verkhnesaldinsky plant in the Urals, 1st half of the 19th century, boathouse width 80 mat the Putilovsky plant in St. Petersburg, 1913). To the 2nd floor. 19th century the first attempts at arts. comprehension of new structures: for example, in the building of the Meunier chocolate factory in Noisiel in France (1871-1872, architect J. Saunier, engineer E. Müller), the metal frame open on the facade played a certain decorative role in the processing of a brick wall. Implementation from the end. 19th century in the construction of P. z. reinforced concrete [eg spinning mill in Tourcoing (department of Nord) in France, 1895, Ing. F. Gennebik] had a great impact on their architecture. P. z. gradually become an important part of the architecture of the 20th century. (cm. Reinforced concrete structures and products).The best P. z. early 20th century [for example, the turbine factory of the AEG company in Berlin (1909, architect P. Behrens; ill. see vol. 3, p. 240) and the Fagus factory in Alfeld (1911, architect V. Gropius; ill. see vol. 6, tab. VIII,pp. 384-385)] with their clear rhythm of columns, frame structures, large-span ceilings, new methods of dividing large wall surfaces with strips of glazing in metallic. binding had a significant impact on architecture 20 in. generally. In the 2nd floor. 1920s - early. 1930s important role in the development of architecture P. z. played buildings and projects of owls. architects who vividly reflected the pathos and romance of the first five-year plans [for example, Dneproges im. IN AND. Lenin (1927-32, architects V.A. Vesnin, N. Ya.Kolli, G.M. Orlov and others; ill. See vol. 2, Table XXX, pp. 256-257 and 301; vol. . 8, p. 364-365), factory in Ivanteevka Mosk. region (1927-28, architects G.P. Golts, M.P. Parusnikov; ill. See vol. 7, p. 47); spinning factory "Krasnaya Talka" (1928-29, architects BV Gladkov, IS Nikolaev)]. In the 1930-60s. in building P. z. new constructive systems are widely introduced, allowing to overlap large spans without supports, new constructions are used. and finishing materials. In the conditions of modern. scientific and technical revolution with constant tech. progress in the building of P. z. and the improvement of production technology, the number of enterprises that do not have a harmful effect on the environment is growing. As a result of this, a new type of development is being created - industrial and residential. Possessing their own, different from typical residential buildings on a large scale, volumetric spaces. decision and silhouette, P. z. become important architects. accents in the composition of the mountains. buildings (for example, a carpet factory in Brest, BSSR, 1964, architects I. I. Bovt, L. T. Mitskevich, N. I. Shpigelman). This enhances the aesthetics. requirements for the appearance of P. z, Archyt. the image of P. z. to the greatest extent depends on how clearly typological are expressed in its appearance. features of this type of structures, its characteristic features: huge size and that means. the length of the facades, large solid planes of blank walls and glazed surfaces, corresponding to a single undivided internal. space, repeatedly repeated ends of parallel spans, elements of coatings (comb, sawtooth or curved outlines), staircases, etc., the presence of technical. devices (smoke and ventilation pipes, pipelines, open equipment, etc.). Great influence (especially with industrial methods of construction) has on the appearance of P. z. arts. expression tectonic. properties of the materials and structures used [plastic. comprehension of structures, the adopted system of cutting (dividing) the walls of the facades into prefabricated elements, etc.], as well as the texture and color of construction and finishing materials. A noticeable role in the appearance of P. z. in the south. districts play sun-protection devices - the so-called. sun cutters, visors, decorative grilles. Great value for enhancing aesthetics. qualities P. z. has a clear internal. layout, rationality of proportions and divisions premises and plastic. solution of their structural elements, production zoning. premises with systematizers. placing the main. technological equipment, intrashop communications, walkways and driveways, color scheme of interiors, followed. carrying out a set of measures related to the requirements technical aesthetics.P. z. and structures have a huge (often negative) impact on the natural and architect. landscapes; often prom. districts lose touch with the natural environment. Therefore, before prom. architecture is the task of max. conservation of the natural landscape, harmonious. inclusion in the landscape of new P. z.

On the formation of P.'s types z. socio-economic conditions and scientific and technological progress in industrial technology have a decisive impact. production and builds. technique. In the USSR and others. Socialist. countries the nature of societies. system caused P.'s emergence z. a new type, in which the achievements of social and scientific-technical are embodied. progress. Development and improvement of architecture and construction. solutions P. z. based on scientific. studies that have identified DOS. directions of modern prom. construction, to-rye provide: ensuring the universality of P. z., ie, the possibility of the most flexible use of production. areas when changing technological. processes; the unification of space-planning and design schemes for industrial production, which allows the most complete use of production. builds the base. industry; Max. blocking (unification) of workshops and whole production in enlarged buildings.

P.'s universality. achieved by using coarse grids (spans and steps) of columns and a uniform height of rooms within each building, as well as by using basic units for placement. equipment of collapsible partitions and whatnot,providing the possibility of modernization of technological. processes at min. the amount of work on the reconstruction of the building. Unification of space-planning and structural schemes of P. z. allows you to significantly reduce the number of standard sizes of products and structures, create the necessary conditions for their mass factory production and widespread implementation in construction practice. In the USSR, cross-sectoral unification was carried out. builds. parameters of the column: grids of columns, heights of floors, dimensions of the binding of structural elements to modular alignment axes, etc. Dimensions of grids of columns of single-storey floors. taken as multiples of 6 m;the size of the spans of multi-storey P. z. - 3 m,column spacing - 6 m. Height of floors P. z. multiple of 0.6 m.Blocking P. z. (cm. Locked production building) -one of the most effective means of reducing the estimated cost of construction of the building z. The greatest reduction in capital costs due to blocking (in comparison with separately constructed workshops) is achieved in cases where it is not required to isolate workshops from each other with solid walls, to level the heights of adjacent rooms in order to unify structures, to arrange additional ones. internal driveways or increase the area of \u200b\u200bareas served by heavy-duty cranes.

P. z. are distinguished by the following. main signs: by number of storeys (gl. classification. sign) - into one-storey, two-storey, multi-storey; for lifting and transport equipment - for cranes equipped with overhead (electric) and overhead (electric or manual) cranes, and craneless; by sight lighting- on buildings from nature. lighting (side and top), with a permanent art worker. lighting (windowless and lampless) and buildings with combined lighting (combining natural lighting with artificial lighting); through air exchange systems - to buildings from a common nature. ventilation(aeration), with mechanical ventilation and with air conditioning;by temperature conditions of production. premises - for heated and unheated. By capital P. z. subdivided into 4 classes depending on the purpose of buildings and their national economies. significance.

One-storey buildings are the most common type of industrial buildings. enterprises. Their share in the total volume of modern industrial. building is 75-80%. One-story P. z. usually used to accommodate production with heavy technological. and lifting and transport equipment, or those associated with the manufacture of large-sized bulky products, as well as production, the work of which is accompanied by the release of excess heat, smoke, dust, gases, etc. create favorable conditions for the rational organization of technological. process and modernization of equipment, they allow the foundations of heavy machines and units with high dynamics to be placed directly on the ground. loads, provide the possibility of uniform illumination and nature. ventilation of premises through light and aeration devices in the roof. However, the construction of one-story P. z. requires a larger (in comparison with a multi-storey building site) territory and, accordingly, large expenditures for engineering training. playgrounds. In mass construction, single-storey multi-span crane platforms predominate. rectangular (in plan) shape with the upper nature. lighting through lanterns and ventilation using aeration devices or mechanical systems. ventilation (fig. 1, and).Such P. z. typical for enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, metalworking, construction. materials and a number of other industries. For production, so means. the release of heat or harmful gases is used by P. z., the profile of the coating to-rykh is determined by aerodynamic. by calculation; the latter is produced in order to create the best conditions for the removal of heated or polluted air under the action of thermal and wind pressure through aeration lanterns and shafts in the covering (Fig. 1, b). For production with special conditions for the stability of the temperature and humidity regime and the purity of the air environment, multi-span one-story stations are often used. with suspended ceilings,separating the technical located in the interfarm space. floor (where engineering equipment and communications are located) from the main. volume of the building, which in this case can be reliably isolated from the effects of the external environment (Fig. 1, c). Such buildings (usually called lampless) have arts. lighting, mechanical ventilation and air conditioning; they are used by Ch. arr. to accommodate production in radio engineering. and electronic industry, instrument making, precision machine tools, chemical. (production of art. fibers), text. and other branches of industry. For one-story P. z. mass construction is characterized by a trace. space-planning parameters: span 12-36 m,column spacing 6-12 m,room height 5-12 min craneless and 10-20 min crane buildings. In dep. In cases, coarse grids of columns are used, if this ensures a more rational use of production. areas and the best operating conditions for equipment. When, according to the conditions of production, it is necessary. the dimensions of the spans and the high height of the premises (for example, for shipbuilding enterprises, aircraft building, transport engineering, etc.), one-story shelters can be used. with spans up to 103 m(Fig. 1, d). In a number of industries (chemical, sugar, etc.), one-story P. z are advisable. with placement technologic. equipment on shelves, called. industrial buildings of the pavilion type.

Figure: 1. One-story industrial buildings: a - multi-span crane building with skylights; b - multi-span building with aeration exhaust shafts; c - multi-span, craneless, lampless building; d - hall type building.

Multi-storey P. z . are constructed mainly for production, requiring the organization of vertical (gravity) technological. process, as well as for a number of production facilities equipped with relatively light small-sized equipment (precision engineering, instrument-making

tion, electronic and radio engineering. industry, light and food industries, printing. industry and others). Multi-storey P. z. natures are usually illuminated. with light through side skylights; wide multi-storey P. z. have combined lighting. In mass construction, P. z prevail. with the number of floors from 3 to 6 and floor loads of 5-10 kn / m 2.In those cases when construction is carried out on sites of limited sizes, P. z can be used. higher number of storeys (up to 10 floors or more). For modern. multi-storey P. z. typical column grids 6X6 m,9x6 m,12X6 mwith a tendency to use even larger meshes. The total width of multi-storey buildings is z. usually 36-48 m(Fig. 2, a, 6). In multi-storey P. z., Intended for production with increased requirements for the purity of the air environment and the stability of the temperature and humidity conditions, usually arrange technical. floors for the placement of engineering equipment and communications (Fig. 2, c), to-rye, in particular, can be located within the height of the trusses of the interfloor floors. There is a tendency towards an increase in the share of multi-storey buildings. in the total volume of prom. construction in connection with the need to save urban areas and land suitable for use in the village. x-ve.

Fig. 2. Multi-storey industrial buildings: a - with girder floors; b - with non-girder interfloor ceilings; c - with technical interfarm floors.

Two-story P. z. In the practice of modern prom. The most widespread are "wide" two-storey multi-span buildings. with a coarse grid of columns and upper nature. lighting (Fig. 3, and).In such buildings, DOS. ("populous") production is located preim. on the 2nd floor, and warehouses and areas with heavy equipment on the 1st. Varieties of two-storey P. z. - buildings with a lower technical. floor, for example, foundries, rolling and other workshops (Fig. 3, 6), and buildings with intermediate technical. a floor in the interfloor overlap (Fig. 3, c); the latter are used for production with high requirements for internal stability. microclimate.

Modern P. z. regardless of their number of storeys, as a rule, they are frame-type buildings with a reinforced concrete, steel or mixed load-bearing frame. The choice of the type of frame P. z. is determined by the conditions of production and considerations of economy DOS. builds. materials, as well as the capital class of the building.

Water-storey P. z. used mainly frames in the form of transverse frame withcolumns embedded in the foundations and rafters pivotally connected to them beamsor farms.The longitudinal stability of the frame is ensured by a system of rigid ties between the columns, which, in addition to frames, also includes foundation, strapping and crane beams and coating elements. (purlins, flooringand etc.). Reinforced concrete frames of one-storey buildings z. usually prefabricated, less often - prefabricated monolithic. The enclosing structures of coverings of such P. z. made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs or in the form of precast monolithic thin-walled reinforced concrete shellsand folds (see. Folded structures).Elements of the steel frames of one-story pillars - columns, trusses, girders - are made of rolled profiles (channels, I-beams, angles) or sheet steel, open thin-walled and tubular bent profiles. P.'s coverings. with metallic frames, as a rule, are made in the form of light decking made of profiled steel sheet or asbestos-cement panels on steel girders. In mixed frames P. z. the columns are made of reinforced concrete, and the truss structures are made of steel; coatings in such buildings are made of reinforced concrete slabs. Metallic is also spreading. designs of coatings P. z. in the form of spaces. cross steel bar structures with light sheet decking. The volume of use in P. z. industrial teams wooden structures.

Figure: 3. Two-storey industrial buildings: a - a multi-span building with skylights and an enlarged grid of columns on the top floor; b - a building with a lower technical floor; c - a building with an intermediate technical floor.

For the construction of multi-storey buildings. apply Ch. arr. frame-type reinforced concrete frames, which perceive horizontal forces by rigid frame units or are solved according to a frame-link scheme with the transfer of horizontal forces to diaphragms, walls of staircases and elevator shafts. The frames of multi-storey floors are usually prefabricated or prefabricated monolithic with beam or bezel-less interfloor structures. Beam floors include beams resting on protruding or hidden column consoles, and smooth (hollow-core) or ribbed slabs, which are supported by beam flanges. Beamless ceilings are usually used in such buildings where, according to the production conditions, structures with a smooth ceiling surface are required (food industry, warehouses, refrigerators, etc.). With a non-girder solution, flat floor slabs are supported on the column caps or directly on the columns (using cross-rigid reinforcement located within the ceiling thickness and serving as capitals). Beamless floor structures P. z. perform preim. from monolithic reinforced concrete; while in some cases use floor lifting method.

Forthe upper floors of two-story P. z. with enlarged (in comparison with the 1st floor) grids of columns, as a rule, constructive solutions of one-storey buildings are used, and for interfloor floors - beam structures with steel or reinforced concrete girders and reinforced concrete flooring.

Wall protections P. z. perform self-supporting and mounted (half-timbered or frame). Main types of wall fencing for heated building zones are large-panel structures made of light or cellular reinforced concrete and fences made of sheet steel, aluminum, asbestos cement, and other sheet materials with effective insulation. Wall protections of unheated P. z. and workshops with excessive heat generation are usually made from reinforced concrete panels, as well as lightweight type - from corrugated sheets of asbestos cement, profiled steel sheets or from fiberglass.

In the USSR, P. z. are mainly carried out from unified prefabricated elements manufactured at factories of reinforced concrete structures and products or by specialized ones. z-dakh metallic. designs. In the future, it builds on the basis of broad typing and standardization. solutions, transition to prefabricated constructionP. z. from structures and products manufactured by the plant. combines. Modern building is characterized by a tendency to max. reducing the mass of structures in order to reduce the consumption of materials and the cost of construction and installation work; in this regard, the improvement of reinforced concrete structures P. z. follows the path of using concretes on lightweight aggregates and high-strength concretes, and metal structures - in the direction of using high-strength grades of steel and aluminum alloys, thin-walled rolled and bent profiles, introducing prestressed structuresfrom metal and the creation of lightweight structural systems P. z. with stretched surfaces of thin sheets. see also Industrial buildings.

Lit .:Henn V., Industrial buildings and structures, trans. from it., t. 1-2, M., 1959; E. D. Mills, Modern Industrial Enterprise, trans. from English, M., 1964; Building codes, part 2, section M, ch. 2. Industrial buildings of industrial enterprises. Design standards, M., 1972; Constructions of industrial buildings, M., 1972; Serbinovich P., Orlovsky B., Abramov V., Architectural design of industrial buildings, M., 1972; Architectural design of industrial enterprises, M., 1973; Blokhin V.V., Architecture of the interior of industrial buildings, M., 1973.

YU. N. Khromets, V.V.Blokhin.

We carry out the construction of industrial facilities in the Moscow region and other regions of the country and are ready to offer:

• Workshops for the main production;
• Auxiliary premises for warehousing and storage of finished products;
• Administrative complexes of plant management and construction sites;
• Refrigeration equipment for the agro-industrial sector;
• Other structures necessary to ensure a continuous production cycle - utility rooms for workers, garages, etc.

We are ready to offer ready-made designs of industrial structures. If it is necessary to manufacture non-standard objects, our designers develop individual task parameters for the necessary technological equipment. If you have a ready-made project, it will become the basis for the production of metal structure components.

What is a steel structure industrial building?

The prefabricated industrial building made of metal structures consists of:

• The supporting frame, which is a single complex of supporting columns, trusses (beams) of the floor, ties and blocks;
• Supports for equipment;
• Service platforms;
• Transitions;
• Fencing structures, presented in the form of panels, shaped metal sheets.

The main element of the building is a supporting metal frame. When manufacturing it, we are guided by the following rules:

• For the production of columns, a hot-rolled or welded I-beam, twin channel is used.
• For roof trusses, a profile pipe, metal corners and an I-beam are used in the complex.
• It is obligatory to install ties and tie blocks if it is necessary to provide additional rigidity of the frame. This is true, for example, with high wind loads or the use of heavy lifting equipment.

Things to consider when building industrial facilities

The peculiarity of industrial facilities determines the principles, without which it will not be possible to achieve the planned quality of the structure. Industrial buildings made of metal structures erected by us are reliable and durable, since during the construction process we:

• We use environmentally friendly methods and promptly dispose of waste that appears at different stages of work;
• We comply with the established fire and explosion safety standards;
• We pay attention to the convenience of access roads to the object;
• We use "clean" materials without harmful impurities;
• We carry out work to isolate the building from noise, vibration and the influence of an electromagnetic field;
• We use high-quality engineering elements for service systems;

In each case, the specifics of the enterprise are studied. Some use specific transport, while others have a high concentration of production facilities in the area. Only after careful analysis and calculations, construction work begins.

Advantages of industrial steel structures

The construction of industrial facilities from metal structures has a number of advantages:

• The work will be completed in a short time, while the quality of the structure will remain high;
• The use of metal will make the object stable and reliable;
• The total cost of work on the construction of the facility will be several times lower than with another type of construction;
• Carrying out works is possible without heavy construction equipment.

We propose to take advantage of a comprehensive offer: from project creation to turnkey construction of an object. In this case, you will receive high quality in a short time.