What is the surface of venus? Temperature on the planets of the solar system. Venus data

Venus is the second planet in the distance from the Sun (the second planet of the solar system).

Venus belongs to the terrestrial planets and is named after the ancient Roman goddess of love and beauty. Venus has no natural satellites. Has a dense atmosphere.

Venus has been known to people since ancient times.

Venus's neighbors are Mercury and Earth.

The structure of Venus is a subject of controversy. The most likely is: an iron core with a mass of 25% of the mass of the planet, the mantle (extending 3300 kilometers into the interior of the planet) and crust 16 kilometers thick.

A significant part of the surface of Venus (90%) is covered with solidified basalt lava. It contains vast hills, the largest of which are comparable in size to the terrestrial continents, mountains and tens of thousands of volcanoes. Impact craters on Venus are practically absent.

Venus has no magnetic field.

Venus is the third brightest object in the earth's sky after the Sun and the Moon.

Orbit of Venus

The average distance from Venus to the Sun is just under 108 million kilometers (0.72 astronomical units).

Perihelion (orbital point closest to the Sun): 107.5 million kilometers (0.718 astronomical units).

Aphelios (orbital point farthest from the Sun): 108.9 million kilometers (0.728 astronomical units).

The average speed of Venus's orbital motion is 35 kilometers per second.

The planet makes one revolution around the Sun in 224.7 Earth days.

The length of a day on Venus is 243 terrestrial.

The distance from Venus to Earth ranges from 38 to 261 million kilometers.

The direction of rotation of Venus is opposite to the direction of rotation of all (except Uranus) planets in the solar system.

Among the eight planets of the solar system, Venus is almost the only space object that closely resembles our planet. As a result of space and astronomical studies of the planet, it turned out that its dimensions are practically the same as that of the Earth. Both planets are similar in mass and density. At first glance, it seems that Venus is the most suitable planet for life, ready to hospitably meet earthlings in the process of subsequent development and colonization. In addition, she is the brightest object in the earthly horizon, for which she received the nickname "morning star". The man naively believed that a beautiful appearance corresponds to the same rosy and attractive reality. Maybe this was the case many billions of years ago.

Today the "morning star" is blacklisted and recognized as one of the most hostile extraterrestrial worlds for humanity. Scientists, having studied the information about the planet obtained as a result of the flights of the American and Soviet automatic stations "Mariner" and "Venus", put an end to the hypotheses and theories in which Venus was assigned the place of an extraterrestrial space paradise.

Discovery of the second planet of the solar system

The frequent appearance of Venus in the sky and its brightness have become one of the reasons for the increased interest in this space object. Even in ancient times, astronomers and astrologers paid attention to a bright star burning with white light at morning dawn. For a terrestrial observer, it has always been extremely interesting to learn more about this curious space object. Subsequently, it turned out that there is simply no other planet in the solar system capable of shining so brightly like Venus. In addition, it quickly became clear that this is the closest planet to Earth, literally our neighbor in a vast and endless space.

The ancient astronomers, under the influence of the beautiful radiance of the planet, gave our neighbor a sonorous and beautiful name - Venus, in honor of the ancient Greek goddess of love. Thanks to its successful and beautiful appearance, the planet is firmly entrenched in the culture of mankind, becoming a favorite object in literature.

The first information about the planet dates back to 1500-1600 BC. The description of a bright object in the sky is found by modern scientists in ancient Babylonian texts. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Maya Indians were well acquainted with the "morning star". The discovery of Venus as a planet took place only in the 17th century. First, Galileo Galilei discovered that Venus moves around the Sun and has phases similar to those of the moon. Galileo compiled the first scientific description of the observed object and its movement in the sky. In 1639, the English astronomer Jeremy Horrocks discovered the planet through his telescope as it passed through the solar disk. Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov, during his observations, managed to discover the atmosphere of this celestial body, which gave reason to consider Venus a planet that has every chance of being inhabited.

The data obtained as a result of astronomical observations were very valuable and led scientists to the idea that this planet and our Earth have a lot in common. The hope was that the physical conditions on Venus are very similar to the parameters of the terrestrial environment. For a long time, in the scientific community and among science fiction writers, it was believed that the second planet of the solar system was the cradle of extraterrestrial civilization. Only in the second half of the twentieth century, a person received accurate astrophysical data about Venus, which debunked the myth of the planet's fitness for any form of life.

Astrophysical characteristics of Venus

Venus is the third brightest object in our starry sky, second only to the Sun and Moon. The planet is located in a heliocentric, almost regular circular orbit of 108.2 million km. from our star. The closest planets to Venus in the solar system are Mercury and Earth. The distance from Venus to Earth varies over a wide range from 38 to 261 million kilometers.

The rotation of the planet around its own axis occurs in 243 Earth days. However, due to the fact that Venus turns in the direction opposite to the Earth, from East to West, there is a decrease in the value of the Venusian day by exactly half. Venusian days are equal to 116.8 Earth days.

Orbiting the Sun at a speed of 35 km / s, the planet makes a complete revolution in 224 Earth days. A characteristic phenomenon is that Venus's orbit and rotation around the Sun are in a strange inconsistency. Due to its extremely slow revolution around its own axis, combined with the period of rotation of the planet around the Sun, Venus is facing the Earth in most cases with almost the same side. This happens mainly when it is closest to the Earth.

If you fly to Venus aboard a spacecraft, the journey will take 305 months. The first flight of the Mariner 2 space probe took only 153 days. The minimum distance to Earth is 90-100 days.

The composition of the planet Venus: structure and structure

Venus belongs to a group of rocky planets, the surface of which has a hard and rocky base. Unlike the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the second planet has a high density. The average density of the planet is 5.204 g / cm3. In terms of basic physical parameters, Venus is very similar to Earth. This is evidenced by the density of the planet, its mass and dimensions.

The main parameters of Venus are as follows:

• the average radius of the planet Venus is 6052 km;
• the diameter of the planet in the equatorial plane is 12100 + - 10 km, 95% of the Earth's diameter;
• the length of the equator of Venus is 38,025 km and is also 97% of the length of the earth's equator;
• the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe "morning star" is 460 million square kilometers, 90% of the earth's surface;
• the astronomical mass of the planet Venus - 4.87 trillion trillion kg;
• the volume of the planet is 928 billion km3.

As you can see from the list, Venus is, in terms of its main physical parameters, the twin planet of our Earth. However, this is only a form. In terms of its content, Venus is far from what we used to imagine. The surface of the planet is hidden from the outside world by dense clouds with which the Venusian atmosphere is saturated.

The composition and structure of the planet are almost the same with the Earth. She also has a metal core surrounded by a mantle. The surface of the planet, just like on Earth, is represented by a thin crust. It is generally accepted that the Venusian core with a diameter of about 6,000 km has an iron-nickel composition. The thickness of the mantle is quite impressive, about 3000 km. It is not possible to establish the exact chemical composition of the Venusian mantle. Probably, like on Earth, it is based on silicates. The planet's crust is identical in thickness to terrestrial parameters and has an average thickness of 16-30 km.

This is where the similarities between the two planets end. Then there are significant differences that make both planets perfect opposites. Tectonic processes on Venus took place in the distant past. The formation of the Venusian crust was completed about 500-600 million years ago. The planet's surface is represented by frozen basalt seas separated by vast hills. Some elevations on the surface are higher than on earth, and the height of the Venusian mountains reaches 11 km. Depressions and hollows, similar in shape and structure to the Earth's oceans, occupy 1/6 of the planet's surface. There are not many astrophysical craters on the planet. The largest of them has a diameter of 30 km, made by a fallen asteroid more than 1 million years ago.

What state the inner core of the planet is in is unknown. However, the almost complete absence of a magnetic field speaks in favor of the fact that the core is in a frozen state. The lack of convection between the liquid inner layers of the planet leads to the absence of the dynamo effect that occurs as a result of friction between the inner layers of the planet. This explains why Venus - one of the two twin planets of the terrestrial group - got such a weak magnetic field, only 5-10% of the strength of the earth's magnetosphere. Venus's magnetic field is very weak and is mainly formed due to particles of the solar wind captured by the planet's gravity.

Accordingly, the acceleration due to gravity is less on Venus - 8.87 m / s2 versus 9.807 m / s2 on Earth. In other words, a person on the surface of Venus will weigh 10% lighter than on our home planet. A more detailed study of the internal structure of the planet is not possible today. The data obtained so far is the result of mathematical calculations and radar scanning of the planet's surface.

The most interesting object on Venus is the planet's atmosphere

The first data obtained from a photo from space about the surface of Venus did not become a breakthrough in the study of the planet. The surface of Venus is hidden from view by dense layers of the atmosphere. It is she who is the decisive factor that forms the relief of the planet in the absence of active volcanic activity on the planet. There are two forms of surface erosion - wind and chemical. The material ejected as a result of volcanic eruptions enters the planet's atmosphere and already there, transforming in the course of chemical reactions, falls to the surface in the form of Venusian sediments.

The chemical composition of the planet is pretty simple:

• carbon dioxide 96.5%;
• the amount of nitrogen does not exceed 3.5%.

Other gases in the planet's atmosphere are microscopic. However, despite the almost complete absence of oxygen and hydrogen in the atmospheric layers, the planet has an ozone layer located at an altitude of 100 km.

The Venusian atmosphere is the densest among the terrestrial planets. Its density is 67 kg / m3. In other words, the lower atmosphere is a semi-liquid environment dominated by carbon dioxide. As a result of such a high saturation of the troposphere, atmospheric pressure at the surface of Venus is colossal, amounting to 93 bar. This roughly corresponds to the earth's pressure, which will be at a depth of 900 meters of the world's oceans. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the planet's atmosphere has caused the greenhouse effect. As a result, the planet's surface has a high temperature, which can reach 475 degrees Celsius. This is more than Mercury, which is much closer to the Sun.

There is no need to talk about the presence of water on Venus under such atmospheric conditions. Dense clouds, composed of sulfuric acid, are poured onto the planet's surface by acid rain, and the Venusian seas are lakes of sulfuric acid.

The winds on the surface of Venus are raging serious. The entire atmosphere of the planet is one huge raging hurricane, rushing around the surface of the planet at a speed of 140 m / s. Accordingly, it is not difficult to imagine how strong the wind is blowing on the planet.

The atmosphere of Venus is the main difference from our planet. The existence of any form of life in such conditions where the temperature reaches the melting point of lead is impossible. In addition, the high concentration of CO2 means that sulfuric acid is the main liquid on the planet instead of water.

Future plans to study Venus

Venus is the closest space neighbor to us, a bright and beautiful star in our sky, in fact, is a real universal hell. Space exploration that man undertook in relation to Venus in the second half of the 20th century, made it clear that Venus is a hostile environment for us. Over the course of 40 years, 30 spacecraft have been launched to the "morning star".

Most of the research was carried out within the framework of the Soviet program for studying the planet Venus and the American space program Mariner. The last spacecraft that completed the cycle of space exploration of the "morning star" were the European probe "Venus Express" and the Japanese spacecraft "Akatsuki", launched to Venus in 2005 and 2010, respectively.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

The planet Venus, second from the Sun, is the closest to the Earth and, perhaps, the most beautiful of the terrestrial planets. For thousands of years, she has attracted curious views from scientists of antiquity and modernity, to mere mortal poets. No wonder she bears the name of the Greek goddess of love. But studying it adds questions rather than gives any answers.

One of the first observers, Galileo Galilei, observed Venus with a telescope. With the advent of more powerful optical devices such as telescopes in 1610, humans began to notice phases of Venus that closely resembled lunar phases. Venus is one of the brightest luminaries in our sky, so at dusk and in the morning, you can see the planet with the naked eye. Observing its passage in front of the Sun, Mikhailo Lomonosov in 1761 examined a thin rainbow rim that surrounded the planet. This is how the opening of the atmosphere happened. It turned out to be very powerful: the pressure near the surface reached 90 atmospheres!
The greenhouse effect explains the high temperatures in the lower atmosphere. It is also present on other planets, for example on Mars, due to it, the temperature can rise by 9 °, on Earth - up to 35 °, and on Venus - it reaches its maximum, among the planets - up to 480 ° C.

The internal structure of Venus

The structure of Venus, our neighbor, is similar to other planets. It includes the crust, mantle and core. The radius of the liquid core, which contains a lot of iron, is approximately 3200 km. The structure of the mantle - molten matter - is equal to 2800 km, and the thickness of the crust is 20 km. Surprisingly, with such a core, the magnetic field is practically absent. This is most likely due to the slow rotation. The atmosphere of Venus reaches 5500 km, the upper layers of which are almost entirely composed of hydrogen. Back in 1983, the Soviet automatic interplanetary stations (AMS) Venera-15 and Venera-16 discovered mountain peaks with lava flows on Venus. Now the number of volcanic objects reaches 1600 pcs. Volcanic eruptions testify to the activity of the planet's interior, which are locked under thick layers of basalt shell.

Rotation around its own axis

Most of the planets in the solar system rotate around their axis from west to east. Venus, like Uranus, is an exception to this rule, and rotates in the opposite direction, from east to west. This non-standard rotation is called retrograde. Thus, a complete revolution around its axis lasts 243 days.

Scientists believe that after the formation of Venus, there was a large amount of water on its surface. But, with the appearance of the greenhouse effect, the evaporation of the seas and the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is part of various rocks, began. This led to an increase in water evaporation and an increase in temperature in general. After a while, the water disappeared from the surface of Venus and entered the atmosphere.

Now, the surface of Venus looks like a rocky desert, with sparse mountains and undulating plains. From the oceans, on the planet there are only huge depressions. Radar data taken from interplanetary stations recorded traces of recent volcanic activity.
In addition to the Soviet AMS, the American Magelan also visited Venus. He made an almost complete mapping of the planet. During the scanning process, a huge number of volcanoes, hundreds of craters and numerous mountains were discovered. According to the characteristic elevations, relative to the average level, scientists have identified 2 continents - the land of Aphrodite and the land of Ishtar. On the first continent, the size of Africa, there is an 8-kilometer-long Mount Maat - a huge extinct volcano. Ishtar mainland, comparable to the size of the United States. Its attraction is the 11 kilometer-long Maxwell Mountains - the highest peaks of the planet. The composition of the rocks resembles earthly basalt.
In the Venusian landscape, impact craters, filled with lava and about 40 km in diameter, can be found. But this is an exception, because there are about 1,000 of them.

Venus characteristics

Weight: 4.87 * 1024 kg (0.815 earth)
Diameter at equator: 12,102 km
Axis tilt: 177.36 °
Density: 5.24 g / cm3
Average surface temperature: +465 ° С
Orbital period (day): 244 days (retrograde)
Distance from Sun (average): 0.72 AU e. or 108 million km
Orbital period of the Sun (year): 225 days
Orbital speed: 35 km / s
Orbital eccentricity: e \u003d 0.0068
Orbital inclination to ecliptic: i \u003d 3.86 °
Free fall acceleration: 8.87m / s2
Atmosphere: carbon dioxide (96%), nitrogen (3.4%)
Satellites: no

Venus is the second planet in the solar system with an orbital period of 224.7 Earth days. It is named after the Roman goddess of love. The planet is one of all, which has received the name of a female deity. In terms of brightness, it is the third object in the sky after the Moon and the Sun. Since Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth, it never moves more than 47.8 degrees from it. It is best viewed before sunrise or a little after sunset. This fact gave reason to call it the Evening or Morning Star. Sometimes the planet is called the sister of the Earth. They are both similar in size, composition, and gravity. But the conditions are very different.

The surface of Venus is obscured by thick clouds of sulfuric acid, making it difficult to see its surface in visible light. The planet's atmosphere is transparent to radio waves. With their help, the relief of Venus was explored. The debate continued for a long time about what is under the clouds of the planet. But many secrets have been revealed by planetary science. Venus has the densest atmosphere of any earth-like planet. It mainly consists of carbon dioxide. This is explained by the fact that there is no life and no carbon cycle. It is believed that in ancient times the planet became very hot. This led to the fact that all the oceans that existed here have evaporated. They left behind a desert landscape with a large number of plate-like rocks. It is assumed that due to a weak magnetic field, water vapor was carried away into interplanetary space by the solar wind. Scientists have found that even now the atmosphere of Venus is losing oxygen and hydrogen in a 1: 2 ratio. The atmospheric pressure is 92 times that of the Earth. Over the past 22 years, the Magellan project has been mapping the planet.

Venus's atmosphere contains a lot of sulfur, and the surface shows signs of volcanic activity. Some scholars argue that this activity continues to this day. There is no exact evidence for this, because lava flows have not been seen in any of the depressions. The small number of craters suggests that the planet's surface is young: it is about 500 million years old. Also, no evidence of tectonic plate movement was found here. Due to the lack of water, the planet's lithosphere is very viscous. It is assumed that the planet is gradually losing its high internal temperature.

Basic information

The distance to the Sun is 108 million kilometers. The distance to the Earth varies from 40 to 259 million kilometers. The planet's orbit is close to circular. It revolves around the Sun in 224.7 days, and the speed of rotation around the orbit is 35 km per second. To the plane of the ecliptic, the inclination of the orbit is 3.4 degrees. Venus rotates around its axis from east to west. This direction is opposite to the rotation of most of the planets. One revolution takes 243.02 Earth days. Accordingly, solar days on the planet are equal to 116.8 Earth days. In relation to the Earth, Venus makes one revolution around its axis in 146 days. The synodic period is exactly 4 times longer and is 584 days. As a result, the planet faces the Earth with one side in each lower conjunction. It is not yet clear whether this is a simple coincidence or the gravitational attraction of Venus and the Earth is acting. The dimensions of the planet are close to the terrestrial. The radius of Venus is 95% of the Earth's radius (6051.8 kilometers), the mass is 81.5% of the Earth's (4.87 · 10 24 kilograms), and the average density is 5.24 g / cm³.

Atmosphere of the planet

The atmosphere was discovered by Lomonosov at a time when the planet passed along the disk of the Sun in 1761. It is mainly composed of nitrogen (4%) and carbon dioxide (96%). It contains trace amounts of oxygen and water vapor. Also, the atmosphere of Venus contains 105 times more gas than the atmosphere of the Earth. The temperature is 475 degrees, and the pressure reaches 93 atm. Venus' temperature exceeds Mercury, which is 2 times closer to the Sun. There is a reason for this - the greenhouse effect created by the dense carbon dioxide atmosphere. At the surface, the density of the atmosphere is 14 times less than that of water. Despite the fact that the planet rotates slowly, there is no difference in daytime and nighttime temperatures. The atmosphere of Venus extends to an altitude of 250 kilometers. The clouds are located at an altitude of 30-60 kilometers. The cover consists of several layers. Its chemical composition has not yet been established. But there are suggestions that chlorine and sulfur compounds are present here. Measurements were carried out from the board of spacecraft that descended in the atmosphere of the planet. They showed that the cloud cover is not very dense and looks like a light haze. In ultraviolet light, it looks like a mosaic of dark and light stripes that extend to the equator at a slight angle. The clouds rotate from east to west.

The period of movement is 4 days. From here it comes out that the speed of the winds that blow at the level of the clouds is 100 meters per second. Lightning strikes here 2 times more often than in the Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon has been called the "electric dragon of Venus." It was first recorded by the Venera-2 spacecraft. It was detected as radio interference. According to the Venera-8 apparatus, only an insignificant part of the sun's rays reach the surface of Venus. When the Sun is at its zenith, the illumination is 1000-300 lux. There are never bright days here. "Venus Express" discovered in the atmosphere the ozone layer, which is located at an altitude of 100 kilometers.

Venus climate

Calculations show that if the greenhouse effect was absent, the maximum temperature of Venus would not have been higher than 80 degrees. In fact, the planet's temperature is 477 degrees, the pressure is 93 atm. These calculations disappointed some researchers, who believed that conditions on Venus were close to those on Earth. The greenhouse effect leads to strong heating of the planet's surface. Here the wind is rather weak, and in the equatorial region it increases up to 200 - 300 m per second. Thunderstorms were also detected in the atmosphere.

Internal structure and surface

Thanks to the development of radar methods, it became possible to study the surface of Venus. The most detailed map was compiled by the Magellan apparatus. He captured 98% of the planet. Vast elevations have been identified on the planet. The largest of them are the Land of Aphrodite and the Land of Ishtar. There are relatively few impact craters on the planet. 90% of Venus is covered with basalt solidified lava. Much of the surface is young. With the help of Venus Express, a map of the planet's southern hemisphere was compiled and published. Based on these data, hypotheses appeared about the existence of strong tectonic activity and oceans here. There are several models of its structure. At its most realistic, Venus has 3 shells. The first is the crust, which is 16 km thick. The second is the mantle. It is a shell that extends to a depth of 3300 km. Since the planet does not have a magnetic field, it is believed that there is no electric current in the core that causes it. This means that the core is in a solid state. In the center, the density reaches 14 g / cm³. A large number of relief details of the planet have female names.

Relief

The Venera-16 and Venera-15 spacecraft recorded part of the northern hemisphere of Venus. From 1989 to 1994, Magellan made more accurate mapping of the planet. Here were discovered ancient volcanoes that spew lava, mountains, arachnoids, craters. The bark is very thin as it is weakened by heat. The land of Aphrodite and Ishtar is no less than Europe in area, and the Parnge canyons surpass them in length. Lowlands similar to ocean troughs occupy 1/6 of the planet's surface. On Ishtar Land, the Maxwell Mountains rise 11 kilometers. Impact craters are a rare element of the planet's landscape. There are approximately 1000 craters on the entire surface.

Observation

Venus is very easy to recognize. It shines much brighter than any stars. It can be distinguished by its even white color. Like Mercury, it does not move far from the Sun. It can move away from the yellow star by 47.8 degrees at the moments of elongations. Venus, like Mercury, has periods of evening and morning visibility. In ancient times, it was believed that evening and morning Venus are two different stars. Even with a small telescope, you can easily observe changes in the visible phase of its disk. It was first observed by Galileo in 1610.

Passage across the disk of the Sun

Venus looks like a small black disk against the background of a large star. But this phenomenon is very rare. For 2.5 centuries, there are 4 passes - 2 June and 2 December. The latter we could observe on June 6, 2012. On December 11, 2117, the next passage is expected. Astronomer Horrocks first observed this phenomenon on December 4, 1639. It was he who figured it out.

The "apparitions of Venus on the Sun" were also of particular interest. They were made by Lomonosov in 1761. It was also calculated in advance and expected by astronomers around the world. His study was necessary to determine the parallax, which allows you to specify the distance from the Sun to the Earth. This required observation from different points of the planet. They were held in 40 points with the participation of 112 people. Lomonosov was an organizer in Russia. He was interested in the physical side of the phenomenon and, thanks to independent observations, discovered a rim of light around Venus.

Satellite

Venus, like Mercury, has no natural satellites. There used to be many claims about their existence, but they were all based on a mistake. This search was nearly completed by 1770. Indeed, during the observation of the planet's passage across the solar disk, no signs of the existence of a satellite were found. Venus has a quasi-satellite that revolves around the Sun so that an orbital resonance exists between Venus and it, asteroid 2002 VE. In the 19th century, Mercury was believed to be a satellite of Venus.

Interesting Venus Facts:

Venus is not much smaller than Earth.

This is the second planet from the Sun. The distance between them is 108 million km.

Venus is a solid planet. Refers to terrestrial planets. Its surface has a volcanic landscape and many craters.

The planet revolves around the Sun in 225 Earth days.

Venus's atmosphere is toxic and dense. It is composed of nitrogen, carbon dioxide. There are also clouds that are composed of sulfuric acid.

The planet has no satellites.

More than 40 devices have examined Venus. In the 1990s, Magellan mapped roughly 98% of the planet.

There is no proof of life.

The planet rotates in the opposite direction compared to the rest. The sun sets here in the east and rises in the west.

Venus can cast a shadow on the Earth's surface on a moonless night. This planet is the brightest of all.

There is no magnetic field.

The planet's sphere is ideal, in contrast to the earth's, which has a flattened sphere at the poles.

Thanks to the strong wind, the clouds completely fly around the planet in 4 Earth days.

It is impossible to see the Earth or the Sun from the surface of the planet, as it is constantly enveloped in clouds.

The diameter of the craters on the surface of Venus reaches two or more kilometers.

There is no change of seasons due to the slow rotation around the axis.

It is believed that previously there were large reserves of water, but thanks to solar radiation, it evaporated.

Venus is the first planet seen from space.

The dimensions of the planet are smaller than the dimensions of the Earth, the density is lower, and the mass is equal to 4/5 of the mass of our planet.

Due to the low force of gravity, a person weighing 70 kg on Venus will weigh no more than 62 kg.

Our earthly year is slightly more than a Venusian day.

Do the days on Earth seem too boring and monotonous and last, it seems, for an eternity? The weather does not please with its sudden changes, and the landscape outside the window, on the contrary, does not change from year to year? We, too, very often indulge in such despondency.

Rustoria figured out what the day looks like on other planets - all the planets of the solar system. And we immediately lost the desire to fly away from our native Earth. See for yourself.

A long day awaits us on Mercury - almost 59 days on Earth. But you can get bored on this planet not only because of the rare sunrises and sunsets - there are neither seasons nor a variety of landscapes. The only thing that changes on Mercury is temperature.

Do you scold your city, where you have to carry an umbrella and sunglasses with you every day due to the vagaries of the weather? If you spent a day on Mercury, you would not care about such trifles - after all, the temperature there can range from -180 to +430 ° C, and the difference between being in the shade and in the sun is even too significant.

But vampires on Mercury are the place: there is a small territory on the planet that has never seen daylight at all. True, it is all covered with ice up to 2 meters thick.

You don't need to take an umbrella with you to Mercury - because of the rarefied atmosphere, it doesn't rain there, but rock falls from space are not uncommon. They add a little variety to the dull landscape of the first planet from the Sun.

Venus

Venus is truly a festive planet. New Year's Eve can be celebrated here “twice a day”, since the Venusian day lasts more than a year: this planet makes a full revolution around its axis in about 243 Earth days, and around the sun - in less than 225.

But do not rush to rejoice ahead of time: in fact, a real hell is happening on this planet with a beautiful name. Sulfur clouds float across the sky, fiery fountains burst here and there - the surface layer of the planet, covered with solidified basalt lava, is too thin to hold back the underground fire.

Despite the “long” day, it is always dark on Venus, as the dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide obscures sunlight. Illumination near the planet's surface is only 350 ± 150 lux, while on Earth, even on the most cloudy day, this figure is 1000 lux, and on a clear sunny day in the shade from 10-25 thousand.

Sulfur and eternal darkness - what else is missing in the hellish Venusian landscape? That's right, unbearable heat and hot pans. The planet's temperature averages 475 ° C, due to the strong greenhouse effect created by the dense carbon dioxide atmosphere.

And do not expect even a small breath of air - the wind speed on Venus on average ranges from 0.3 to 1.0 m / s.

Mars

Good morning, Martians. Outside the window is -50 ° C (this is the average temperature on the planet). Today, as, however, always, without precipitation (due to the rarefied atmosphere), and the wind speed is 10-40 m / s, with gusts in places up to 100 m / s.

Watch out for dust storms that almost completely hide the surface of the planet, and do not forget to say hello to the cuties

"Opportunity" and "Curiosity" that roam the Martian plains.

A day on Mars lasts only a little longer than on Earth - 24 hours 39 minutes, which means that you will not have problems with orientation in time. On the red planet, as on Earth, the seasons change, so dress for the weather.

The Northern Hemisphere has mild winters and cool summers, while the Southern Hemisphere has colder winters and hot summers. There is even snowfall on Mars (it was recorded by the device

"Phoenix"), but it will not work to mold a snowman - the snowflakes evaporate before reaching the surface.

Jupiter

Dawn on Jupiter in one earthly day will have to be met three times - a day on the planet lasts 9 hours 55 minutes. Even the most experienced forecaster will not give a weather forecast here, and this is all because there is simply no clear boundary between the atmosphere and the planet's surface: Jupiter is a gas giant, and the lowest layer - the troposphere (a complex system of clouds and fogs) smoothly passes into the ocean from a liquid hydrogen.

But it will definitely not do without a storm warning - storms and thunderstorms are common here, the wind speed can exceed 600 km / h, and picturesque lightning strikes around with enviable regularity.

Saturn

A little longer than on Jupiter, a day on Saturn lasts - 10 hours 34 minutes. Get ready for a strong east wind, which can reach 1800 km / h in places. Both the atmosphere and the planet itself are composed primarily of hydrogen. You can hardly wait for the change of seasons: the season on Saturn lasts approximately 7.5 Earth years.

On the second "day", plan an excursion to Titan - a moon of Saturn with a dense nitrogenous (almost like Earth's) atmosphere, which, moreover, has proven the existence of liquid on the surface.

True, the temperature let us down: minus 170-180 ° C. This is not a resort for you! But there will be no strong wind, as on Jupiter and Saturn. And although snowfalls and frost on Titan are not uncommon, they only happen in northern latitudes.

Uranus and Neptune

Two brothers

"Ice giant" Uranus and Neptune delight us not only with a short day at 17 and almost 16 hours, respectively, but also with extremely low temperatures.

The wind speed on Uranus can reach 250 m / s, and the temperature is -224 ° C (and this is at an absolute zero value of -273 ° C). So land closer to the equator.

The polar day and the polar night at the poles last 42 Earth years, so you have practically no chance of seeing a beautiful sunrise and sunset (in one sitting).

On Neptune, the day will be full of surprises: the weather there literally changes at supersonic speeds. Storms are constantly observed on the planet, during which the wind speed reaches 600 m / s, and clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide gather in the calm sky.

In general, better stay on Earth, huh?