Ottoman birth to resemble from adigiv.

We lived in the Caucasus, on the very quiet days of the found hours: the first historical views about them are on the cob 6 centuries before Christ's Christmas.

The name "Circassians" was given by navkolishnі peoples, and the stench itself was called "adige". Klaprot I will name "Circassians" from Türkic words: "cher" (road) and "kesmek" (vidrizuvati), so "Circassians" are synonymous with rogues. Ale name tsya, mabut, long ago appeared the Turkic tribes in Central Asia. Even among the Greek historians, the name "Kerket" is used, as it is referred to as the Circassians. The Greeks also called їх "zyuhoyu" (in Appiana).

For a long time the territory of the Circassians, bordering the western Caucasus, has been inhabited. As early as 1502, the stench occupied the entire converging coast to the Bosporus of Kimmeriyskiy, the stars of the Russian Tatars. There are very few tributes about the long-standing history of the Circassians. Really deprived those who stink step by step survived the whole of low cultural inflows, repaired from the Greeks, Persians, Visants, Turks and ended by the Ottomans and Russians.

It is well known from the old descriptions, dating back to 10 centuries, the stench was put on in the walnuts of the mother and was taken to the religion of magic. Vizantia gave them Christianity, and the backward minds of the historical life of the Caucasus, the whole of the open road of peoples, set up that social device of the warlike feudalism, which was kept inadequate to the era of fighting against Russia.

From the 16th century to us, the first detailed description was given to the Circassians, the destruction of the Genoese Interiano. Win a small conglomerate of independent tribes, organized at feudal ambushes, suspensions, which formed from the noble ones, wasals, kripaks and slaves. The rest served as a subject of trade to navіt іz. The villains knew more than fondly and war, they robbed them to hike in the distance, to navigate, they fought without interruption with the other Turkic tribes, and in the midst of the progression they made one single one, or robbed raids on the villagers, who hoped to see them in the mountains and ward off against them. Khnya courage, dashing nationality, personhood, generosity, hospitality were so famous themselves, as the beauty of that grace of the choloviks and women.

The Circassians have been banned from rudeness and zhorstokost. The stench was taken over by the Christians, and they made sacrifices to the gods of the Yazychnia. The funeral rites are often bully yazychnitsky. The Circassians saw the richness of money, the life of their life was on top of the bloodshed, until the 60th century the noble ones did not dare to enter the church.

The Circassians did not know the writing. The shmats of the mother served as a single coin, if they threw expensive stinks, they were alive for an hour, the majestic bowls of gold and silver. At the way of life (zhitla, hedgehog), the stinks are simple. The rozkish was deprived of the zbroi and the chastkovo at the Rodizdia.

At the 17th century, the first man, Jean de Luca, is among those who are already majestic, when they are in the same place. Half of the Circassians are also Muslims. Not deprived of the religion, but the mova, that culture of the Turks deeply penetrated the life of the Circassians, who step by step accepted the political influx of Turks.

According to the visit of Adrianopolskiy Svit in 1829, since the Turkish Volodinia in the Caucasus passed to Russia, the Circassians (from the territory of some of the borderlands of the Rich Kuban), as many fallen lands in Turechchin, Mali go to the Russian state. From the end of the order of the wikipedia to the large scale, which ended in a large number of Circassians and to the primus gallows of the gir, which were lost on the area.

In 1858, the fate of the Circassians had the right to grab up to 350 thousand choloviks, out of which 100 thousand some gentry. Pislya ending up to 400 thousand people hung out to Turechchini. Until the end of the 1880s, all Circassians numbered 130 thousand, of which the majority (84 thousand) -. In the 80s, Abadzekhs were close to 16 thousand, bzheduchs 12 thousand, demons 6 thousand, 2.5 thousand - all in the Kuban region, and in the Chornomorsk province up to 1,200 individuals.

Adig is the original name of the ancestors of the modern Adiges, Kabardians and Circassians. The navkolishnі people called them also zikhs ta kasogami. Walking around that meaning of all the chicks is called nutrition spirne. The ancient Adigi originated before the European race.
The history of the Adigivs is the endless incursion with the hordes of Scythians, Sarmatians, Huns, Bulgars, Alans, Khozar, Magyars, Pechenigivs, Polovtsians, Mongol-Tatars, Kalmiks, Nogais, Turks




In 1792, the rock, from the roots of the Russian military line of the cordon line to the river Kuban, began to actively develop the western Adyghe lands by Russia.

A group of Russians fought, vlasne, not against the Adigi, but against the Turks, which at all times Mali was Adigea. According to the date of 1829, the Adriapolsky Svit, all Turkish Volodinia in the Caucasus passed to Russia. Ale adigi were introduced to Russian pedagogy and prodovzhuvali to attack the Russian settlement.




In 1864, Russia took control of the remaining independent territories of adigivs - Kuban and Sochi lands. A small part of the adig's nobility at the moment switched to the service Russian Empire... A small number of adigivs - about 200 thousand people - wanted to relocate to Turechchini.
The Turkish Sultan Abdul-Hamid II settled the businessmen (mohajirs) on the empty cordon of Syria and the other near-Cordon districts to fight against the accumulations of beduyins.

The tragic part of the Russian-adizian for the last hour became the subject of historical-political speculation in order to fix the grip on Russia. Part of the Adigo-Circassian Diaspora for the Admiralty of the Singing Forces The visit of the boycotuvati Olympiad in Sochi, as Russia is not known for the resettlement of adigis as an act of genocide. If you want to, soundly, there will be a court and call about compensation.


Adigea

The main part of the Adigivs lives in Turechchina (for the period from 3 to 5 million people). In the Russian Federation, the number of adiges in zagalom is taken up from 1 million, as well as the number of diasporas in Syria, Jordan, Israel, USA, France and other countries. Effort to smell the evidence of your cultural unity.



Adigi in Jordan

***
So it happened that the Circassians and the Russians had long since been reconciled with their strength. And it’s still a long time ago, about how the story of "The History of Temporal Litas" was published. Tsіkavo, scho offended parties - Russian and gorska - explain about tsyu podіyu mayzhe in the very words.

Lіtographer Vikladaє I will say so. In 1022, St. Volodymyr's synonym, Prince Mstislav of Tmutorokansky, went to go to the Kasogi - so at that hour Russian called Adigiv. If the opponents vishikuvali one against one, the Kasoz prince Rededya said to Mstislav: “Why hurt your destructive squad? Go to the parties: as soon as you are good, then I’m in my place, and my squad, and children, and my land. As soon as I greet you, I will take all yours. " Mstislav vidpov: "Let it be so."

Opponents took a zeal with themselves and went to the fight. The first time that Mstislav was znemagati, and Rededya became great and strong. Ale the prayer of the Most Holy Theotokos helped the Russian princess to greet the gate: win by hitting Rededya on the ground, i, viynyavshi nіzh, zarіzav yogo. Kasogi complained to Mstislav.

As a matter of fact, until the Adyghe reservations, Rededya became a prince, and maybe a hero. Yakos Adiga prince Idar, who won the helpless war, pishov on Tamtarakai (Tmutorokan). The Tamtarakay prince Mstislau viviv nazustrich adigam svojsko. If the enemies got closer, Rededya viyshov was ahead of him and said to the Russian prince: "Don't spill too much blood, hello me and take everything I may." Opponents were angry with themselves and fought for years, not giving up one to one. Nareshti Rededya fell, and the tamtarakay prince struck him with a knife.

The death of Rededi mourned the ancient Adyghe funeral song (sagish). The truth is, at them Rededya, they appear not by force, but by access:

Grand Duke Urusiv
If you leave until you leave,
Vіn squeezed to life,
Nіzh from the belt viynyav,
Walk your shoulder blade
Embedding Yogo i
Your soul, about grief, is violated.

For the Russian redelivery, two blue Redds, brought to Tmutorokan, were blessed with the names of Yuriya and Roman, moreover, the rest of them became friends with Mstislav's daughter. Formerly before them, deyaki boyarsky canopy, for example, Beleutovy, Sorokoumov, Glibovi, Simski and іnshі, were brought up.

***
For a long time, Moscow - the capital of the Russian state, which is growing, - has twisted the respect of adigivs. To reach early Adigsko-Circassian nobility went to the warehouse of the Russian administration.

The basis of the Russian-Adizky Zblizhennya Bula is the spil struggle against the Krimsky Khanate. In 1557, five of the Circassian princes at the supervisor of the great warriors arrived to Moscow and went to serve until Ivan the Terrible. In such a rank, 1557 є rock the ear of the Adig's Diaspora in Moscow.

The message of the tamnichi beaten by the first retinue of the evil tsar - Tsaritsa Anastasia - zyasuvalosya, so Ivan schilny before closing his union from the Circassians with a dynastic slob. Princess Kucheny, daughter of Temryuk, the senior prince of Kabardi, became Yogo's master. At the baptized won ime Maria. In Moscow, they said something rather unimportant about her, and attributed the idea of ​​the oprichnini to the new idea.

Ring of Mary Temryukivnya (Kuchenyi)

Krym his daughter, Prince Temryuk brought his son Saltankul to Moscow, which is the name given to him by Mikhail and the boyars who gave him the name. In fact, he became the first person in the kingdom of the king. Yogo went to the Vozdvizhenskiy Vulytsia, now the building of the Russian State Library. For Mikhail Temryukovych, his relatives and fellows were employed by the high command officers in the Russian army.

The Circassians prodovzhuvali arrived to Moscow throughout the 17th century. Call the princes and the guards, who are super-dudes, settled in Arbatskaya and Nikitinskaya streets. Zagalom near the 17th century near 50-thousand-strong Moscow immediately had up to 5,000 Circassians, most of them were aristocrats. Stretching out two cities (until 1776) on the territory of the Kremlin, standing Cherkasy booth from the majestic palaces. Mar'ina Gai, Ostankine and Troitske belonged to the Circassian princes. About that hour, if the Adigi-Cherkasy are rich in why they started the policy of the Russian state, they will see the Great and Maliy Cherkasy provinces.



Great Cherkasy Provulok

***


Well, the good fortune of the adigis, the dashing of the nation, the generosity, the hospitality were so famous as the beauty and grace of adiga women. The protest of the women’s camp was very important: they were lying on the floor of the house.






From the gentry, having woken up to see them at the early age of their children, they were welcomed to the family, to the presenter's advice. At the family's guru, the boy went through the school of charting and filling the name of the warrior, and the girl went through the school of the name of the warrior. Mіzh vikhovantsy and yogo vyhivatels by stretching out our life, the mіtsnі and nіzhnі ultrasound of friendship were established.

From the 6th century, the Adiges were respected by the Christians, and they made sacrifices to the gods of the languages. The funeral rituals are like boules of yazychnitski, the stench was smelled of baggage. The Adigi did not know the script. A penny served as a shmat of motherhood for them.

Turkish infusion in one century has celebrated the majesty of the world in the life of the Adigues. In the other half of the 18th century, all the Adiges formally adopted Islam. The protest religious rituals and look, as before, were represented by the sum of language, the Islam and Christianity. The stench worshiped Shibli, the god of thunder, win that justice, as well as the spirits of water, sea, trees, elements. The sacred gays were reprimanded with a special povaga on the side.

Mova adigiv is garnishing in its own way, I want there is a great number of voices in the new one, and there are only three voices - "a", "e", "and". Aleksey for the Europeans - on the right may be unmistakable through a great number of sounds unknown to us.

The Adighets were respected by the trendsetters: the choloviks were called “aristocrats of gir”, and the girls were called “French women of the Caucasus”, some of the rest of the young rockies repaired their corsets. Adigey women were honored by the most beautiful and bazhani squads, and the choloviks - by the most beautiful warriors. Until the speech, and this year's special guard of the King of Jordan, we will be organized as representatives of the community of the brave and proud nation.

Name

Now, call it "adigey" to walk around a lot of myths that super-radio, and everything that is actually called vigadan in Radiansk rocky is designed for the sub-Caucasian peoples behind the territory of familiarity. For a long time, on the territory of the bitter living of Adigis, Circassians and Kabardians, a single people lives, which they called themselves "Adige". The similarity of the word until the end has not been established, I want the version, it’s like “children sontsya”.
The letter of the Zhovtnevoy revolution vlada distributed the territories of adigivs to other regions, so that one nation would be helped to the warehouse of new regions of the older sub-ethnic groups.

1. People went to the warehouse of the Adigei, but they lingered in the territory of Kuban, and later in the Girsk region and the place of Maykop.
2. Kabardino-Balkaria was inhabited by overwhelmingly Adigi-Kabardians.
3. Until the Karachay-Cherkess region, adigi-besleniyivtsi, similar to the Kabardians in cultural and modern peculiarities, have gone.

De live and number

Repairing from the Radianskih hours, the Adigey began to be respected by the people, which served as a base for the Circassians and Kabardians. According to the results of the 2010 census, the Adigey people in the territory of Russia count about 123,000 people. Of these, 109.7 thousand people live in the Republic of Adigey, 13.8 thousand - in the Krasnodar Territory, and moreover near the coastal regions of Soch and Lazarevsky.

The genocide of the Circassians at the hour of the community's war of invitations to the significant migration of representatives of the nationality and the adoption of the great Adigian diasporas beyond the cordon. Among them:

• Turechchyna has about 3 million people
• Syria has 60,000
• in Jordan - 40,000
• at Nimechchina - 30,000
• from the USA - 3,000
• near Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Izrailia - 2-3 national settlements

Mova

Unimportant to the manifestation of dialects, must the Adighets speak the same language, which should be brought up to the Abkhaz-Adigian group. The writings of the nationality have become obsolete for a long time, just to keep the saved letters and memorials: Maikop plate and petroglyphs of Mahoshkushkh, which can be seen up to IX-VIII centuries before our era. Until the 16th century, the bule was consumed, and the analogs were repaired from the 18th century on the Arabic sheet. A modern alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet appeared in 1937, but it was left behind until 1989 until 1989.

History

The ancestors of the Adigheans became the population of the Caucasus, as well as the peoples of the Peruvian peoples, adopted the tribes of the Aheyev, Kerketi, Zikhiv, Meoti, Toretiv, Syndiv, which occupied the Black Sea coastal taiga.
On the cob of news, one of those who found in the region of the country - Sindica, grew up here. Walk through this territory, fearing to see the celebrities of Tsar Mitridat: a little bit about the fearlessness of those wars. Unimportant to feudal fragmentation, the Circassians zoomed to preserve their independence from the Golden Horde, hoping for their territory and bullying by Tamerlane.
With the Russian Circassians, they have secured friendship and partnerships, repairing them since the XIII century. But during the period of the Caucasian wars, Vlada disliked the policy of drowning and ordering all the peoples who live here, which called for the numerous incidents and genocide of the Circassian people.

Quality

It is important that the majority of the representatives of the nationality go down to the Pontian anthropological type of calling. Deyaki are representatives of the Caucasian type of rice. Before special features The name of the Adigey can be brought to the attention of:

• middle or temple height;
• mіtsnu athletic figure s broad shoulders at the choloviks;
• string figuru s thin talinya from women;
• straight and thick hair of dark russeted abo chorny color;
• dark color of the eyes;
• Significantly growing hair;
• straight nіs іf high transfers;

Odyag

National Circassian costume became a symbol of the people. The choloviks stock up on shirts, wide pants and Circassians: a fitted captain with a diamond-shaped throaty viriz. On the breasts, from both sides, gazirs were sewn: special intestines, in which they took ideas for a bit of gunpowder for building, and then only for a few. Tse made it possible to quickly recharge the ammunition to go to the top of the road.

In the older generation, the sleeves were bulging, and the young ones were vuzky, they were not screwed up in battle. Important bouv and colir alongside: princes wore Circassians white color, noblemen - chervony, villagers - gray, black and brown. Replacing the Circassian by serving a beshmet: a captan of a similar cut, ale without virizu and with a standing komir. At a cold time, the costume is complemented with a burkoy - a fur coat from the sheep farm.
The women were picked up by the barvy. Bagati Circassians specially purchased for sewing cloth oxamite and shovk, and they were satisfied with the material. Kriy cloth nagoloshuvav on talії: having covered the upper part of the figurine and greatly expanded to the bottom of the wedge. They adorned the vbrannya with a Vishukan belt with golden embellishments from the middle. They put on a small hat on their heads, and when they changed that folk, the children replaced them with a hustka.

Choloviki

The Adigskiy cholovik is a fearless warrior in front of a trooper. From the early dynasty of the lads, they were hammered into volodya with a knife, a dagger, a cibule and arrows. The dear boy is guilty of keeping up the breeding of horses and with good trimatics in the saddle. For a long time the Circassian warriors have been honored by the most beautiful, who were often referred to as yak naymantsi. The guards of the king and queen of Jordan do not have to be stored exclusively with representatives of the nation and wear national costumes at the service.

The choloviks from the daughters were taught streamers, the modesty of the whimsical bazhannyas: the stench of guilt will bury life for any minds. Vvazhalsya, nykrashcha a pillow for them - a saddle, and nykrashcha carpet - a burka. The people didn’t sit at home: the stench of the bully’s hikes took care of the gentlemen’s right.
Among the minorities of the Adighets, it is obvious that it is obvious, straightforward, harsh in character, and flattened. The stench is easy to cheat and ruin everything in order to achieve your goals. Gostro rozvinne not respecting the power of godliness, shanuvannya of their land and traditions, that is why they have a great deal of streamer, tact and tact.

Women

About the beauty of Circassian women from long ago, they were told like legends, but they were like legends. For example, Kostyantin Balmont sings at the top of the “Cherkesshintsi” song with a “thin line”, “low willow weeping”, “young poplar” and “Indian bayadera”, ale napurikintsi:
“I want you to be bi ...
It’s more obvious: Ty middle woman is uninvolved.

For three twelve rockies, the little girl repaired her corset. I’ll get it wrong, I’ll put it on, nasty body, thin waist and flat chest: the high quality was highly valued not only by the same tribesmen, but by the people of the earth. In the first place, I didn't have any nominations to wear a corset with a knife, I didn't have to wear it. A symbol of beauty bulo and rozkishne dovge hairs: the girls bought them from the mows for robbing them of some repairs, and those who were guilty bully hovati go hustku.
The forces of the people of Eurasia kicked the mother's squad down as a Circassian concubine. The prince Kucheny, daughter of the famous prince from the Temryuk dynasty, has gone to history: she became the squad of Ivan the Terrible and took away the name Maria Temryukivna. For hours of work, Adighe women were sold for more expensive, less expensive ones: they were prestigious mothers in the harem for beauty, handkerchiefs' wristwatches, and adopted the manner of spilkuvannya and behavior.
Adigskih dvchatok children from dynasty were given a handicraft, to the rules of etiquette, modesty, they instilled a feeling of power. Women grabbed an important role in the suspension, they played it, they played it, they did not interfere with the patriarchal device and promote Islam. For a woman, you can't smoke, boil, boil, bitisya. The people who had been bumped up got up, and the top men were asleep. If you saw a lady in the field, on the road, or just on the street, it was accepted, I will help you, as you demanded.
Having snapped and received the gift of gifts: the people, who turned around for a trip to a long distance, climbed on a banquet at the booth of the best woman, if I was guilty I would bring the gift of his gift to a part. As such women did not get it, they could have given it to them, whether they were adighets, or they were sent to the road.

Family way

The Adigey adopted the traditional patriarchal way of life of the family. All at once about those role of the woman was significant, and the position of the great, not in the other Caucasian peoples. The girls, alike the lads, could take part in the folk festivities, take on the young people: for the whole, in the small booths, they had okremі kіmnati.

It made it possible to be amazed at the protolezhny stati and to know a couple: the dummy of the nominated at the choice of the nominated bullet was original, as it didn’t supercede the traditions of that father’s father. Vesіllya rіdko zdіysnuvalosya for snakes, or miserable without zgoda.
For a long time, a large family has been expanded, the number is from 15 to 100 cholovik, with a head of an old man, a patron of the family of chi most shanovaniy cholovik. From the XIX-XX century, the priority of the transitions to the small two-column family. We are the head of the top of the list of social nourishment buv cholovik, you can’t overread, clash with him, especially for people. Against the head in the booth, the woman’s bullet: Vona Virishuvala, all the government’s food, took care of the babies and children.
At the rich, especially the princely families, the atalichnstvo was widened wider. One or a few blues from a rich family from an early age was given to a vikhovannya in a noble family, but all the same, it was injected into the family. At nіy boy, we have up to 16 years, for whom he turned around to the daddy's booth. Tsim zmіtsnyuvalysya jingles between the canopy and the tradition was adopted, but from what father fenced to get attached to children and loves to publicly feel up to them.

Zhitlo

Traditional life nebagatikh adigeyts - budinks, zibraniy from lozins, smeared with clay. Zvychay evolving from one room, in the center of what is growing in the fire. By tradition, the wine is not guilty of being extinguished; One year before the booth, they arrived at the dodatkovy rooms for the blue, as they became friends, and they went to sleep with the fathers.
The popularity of the great sadibes increased, at the center of which there were the head booths, and from the sides there were state-run buddies. At the rich families of the village, there was a courtyard for guests. Christmas time to grow up, to protect the skin from the mother to a special room for the distribution of mandarins, relatives and guests.

Life

Traditions of employment of the Adigey are cattle-raising and farming. They planted in the main millet and barley, then corn and wheat were added. Cattle breeding was blooming, they bred kiz and sheep, older than kov and yak, in the mountainous regions - donkeys and mules. In the general state, there are trimals of birds: chickens, ides, jock geese.

Viticulture, gardening, and food production have expanded widely. Vineyards of boules roztashovani on uzberezhzhi, in the regions of modern Sochi and Vardan. Isnu version, the name of the famous "Abrau-Dyurso" is a Circassian root and I will name the lake and the mountain rychka with clear water.
The crafts of the Adigey boules are weak, but in one of them the stench reached the significantly shortened for the sus. For a long time, the Adig tribes were able to produce metal: the craft of forging and the preparation of swords flourished practically in the skin aul.
Women volodia were the master of textiles, they were famous for being the miracles of maestrin. Particularly, the embroidery was numbered with gold threads with national ornaments, which included solar, roselinn and zoomorphic motifs, geometric shapes.

Religiya

Adigey passed through three main periods of religious identity: language, Christianity and Islam. For a long time, the Adigian people were brought into the unity of the people and the cosmos, they thought that the earth was round, cut off by forests, fields and lakes. For them, there were three things: the upper one from the deities, the middle one, where people lived, that lower one, kudi yshli pokiyni. The tree has brought light, like and dosi prodovzhuv vidigravati sacred role. So, after the folk onuk, at the first ric of his life, I am going to plant a tree for a goat, for the child I’ll look out for you.

The supreme deity of the Adigey Buv Tkha, or Tkhasho, is the creator of the light of that law, the care of the interruption of the life of people and of all things. The deyakyh viruvannyahs are encouraged to play the role of the god of bliskavok, similar to Perun chi Zeus. Virili th at the sight of the souls of the ancestors - Dogs that run behind the pads. By the very same stretching of life, it was important to trim all the laws of honor and conscience. The patron spirits of the fire, vodi, lisu, and love were drowned in ritual culture and surroundings.
The Christian tradition inaugurated, that Simon Kananit and Andriy the First-Called preached on the slopes of Circassia and Abkhazia. Protest Christianity in the Circassian region has become a deprivation of the VI century, having panuvav here until the fall of Vizantiya. Repairing from the XVI century, before the inflow of the Ottoman sultans, the expansion of the Nabuvian Islam. Until the eighteenth century, all the population was enslaved by the forefathers, becoming a national ideology for the hour of fighting against the colonization policy of the Russian Empire for the hour of the Caucasian wars. There are a large number of Adigheans in the past, due to the Islam of the Sunni school.

The culture

A special role is played by the tradition of adigiv gravure dance, which has dawned on the found hours and has taken over the soul of the people. A popular guy dance is a lyrical islamey, for a cholovik, a proud eagle is dumb, wide by a stake, and modest, ale proud of a dvchina vidpovida on yogo zalitsyannya. Big rhythm and simplicity - udzh, as you start dancing in herds at the fun that before the hour of the festivities.

Vibrant traditions

The great traditions of the Adigheans are rich in what they can take advantage of. Often the dubbed Vibirala is a divchin, pulling youmu over the bazhannya with this small gift. They resigned to talk about the maybutny union of the matchmaker: the choloviks from the side of the nominated came to the booth of the other girl, and they stood up at the mischief, chopping firewood. There were no less than three such visits: when the last hour was asked to the table, it meant the year of the name.
When they were born, they saw the little house of the bastard to look around, to assess his material goodness. It’s necessary, there’s some pieces of it, it’s possible for people to have their own social security. As soon as he got bogged down, he negotiated the size of the potassium: pick up the minimum of one horse and the thinness, the number of goals that started out of the wealth of the family.

On the day of the wedding, the choloviks-relatives of the cholovik came for her name, that one girl for the young supervisor. On the way to the great trip, they repaired the pereshkodi, and before the named booth, you can eat it all away from the hot battle. The Maybut squad was sprinkled with malt, laid in front of her a road of suture material, and they were transferred through the pile, so that they didn’t turbulent the spirits of the ancestors.
When they came to the booth of the known name, they were dusted with malt and coins, and they would have a cholovik for the whole day; Throughout the day, the family members of the cholovik were honored by the girl's relatives, having snapped and hotly called “to see the grandma”: since a new gentleman came to the house, the old one is not a good time. The name is required, there was a lot of malt for her and there was no need for it. Then the stench was enveloped and at once we turned to the booth.

Traditions of the people

Bezlich zvichayev adighetsy were tied to the people of the children. Immediately, the canopy over the booth of the vivishuvsya warrant: tse meant, that і from the mother, і from the child all the garazd. The monophonic warrantor spoken about the appearance of the boy's light, the lines - the girl.
Until the end of the day, the kids didn’t get ready, but they fought with a filthy oatmeal. The relatives of the mothers prepared the coliski from the tree for the gnawing and brought the postal twins. They put a cat in a koliska first, and the child slept so mintly, like a won. Then the little granny put the granny on the side of the daddy, the yak didn’t bother the little darling. As soon as the hour of the baby’s folk at the booth was built, he was given the right to vibrate for the new baby. Having cut off the right as well, the fragments of the Adigey respected, well, if a guest is a messenger of God.

As soon as the little girl stopped walking, they performed the "First crocus" ritual. All friends and relatives gathered at the daddy's booth, brought baby gifts and benketuvali. They tied them up with satin stitching, and then later razrizali. Appointed to the rite - to give the child strength and prudity, so that the life went on without a change.

Burial traditions

In the era of the early and late Middle Ages, the Ethnic Groups of the Adighets of Mali, a rite of worship. Only the deceased were placed among the species with bathing logs, which were closed on the spikes of trees. Rise through the river the remains, scho they mumbled, zrazhuvali earth.
For a long time, the best practices of poaching have been practiced. Often, we will leave the Kam'yan crypts, for the sight of dolmens, which were protected in the Sochi region. Bagatim people vlashtovuyu vypnі burial grounds, de zalishali objects and pobutu, as they died koristuvavavavsya for life.

Traditions of hospitality

The tradition of hospitality has passed through the life of the Adigey people. Be-like mandrіvnik, to find a gate, but after asking for a bed, it’s necessary to build a house at the booth. Yogo was lodged at the nicest room, especially for the new, they were thinning and getting ready nice stravi, they doused the guests with gifts They did not feed the guest about the meta visit, it was not allowed to go out, as it did not ruin the tradition that ruled the booth.

Їja

The traditional Adigeyska cuisine is based on dairy, fermented and meat products. At the haunted life, I boiled lamb with broth. The national flavor of poultry meat was served in a regular manner with pikant sauce hot pepper.

They rocked the milk from the sire, to which they added fruit and greens, cooked the hard and meat of the Siri. Pislya Moscow Olympiad 1980 rock the whole world becoming a celebrity Adigeyskiy sire, which was specially branded for foreign guests and displayed on the shelves. There is a legend, the recipe for the servant of the Circassian children of Amish, the god of animal husbandry, for those who, just before the hour of the storm, hid a flock of sheep, and how it faded.

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Individuals of Russia. "Live at once, get overwhelmed"

The multimedia project "Discovered Russia" is from 2006 to rock, telling about the Russian civilization, which is a special kind of life at once, if the child is too young to be affected - it is so urgently simple for the beautiful From 2006 to 2012, 60 documentary films about representatives of Russian ethnic groups were shot within the framework of the project. Also, 2 cycles of radio broadcasts “Music and People's People of Russia” were launched - 40 broadcasts. On top of the first series of films, illustrated almanacs were published. Infectiousness is on the way to the end of the unique multimedia encyclopedia of the peoples of our land, the sign, which allows the inhabitants of Russia to learn about themselves and for the grounds of the recession to leave a picture of what looks like bully stinks.

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"Individuals of Russia". Circassians. "Circassians - a turn before the revolution", 2008

Country houses

CHERK'ЄSI, adige (self-name), the people of the group of adigiv, who live in the Russian Federation, but also in the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia at the same time with the Karachai, Russian Abazins, and Nogais. Number of 50.8 yew. especially in Karachay-Cherkessia - 40.2 yew. OSIB. According to the census of the population in 2002, the number of Circassians who live in the territory of Russia, becomes 60 thousand 517 individuals, according to the census of the population in 2010 - 73 thousand 184 individuals.

In the past ancestors of the modern Circassians, the peoples of the past called them "Kabardians", "demons" or "adigi". They also live near the edges of the Blizky Skhod, where people moved from the other half of the 19th century. Here, under the name "Circassians", one often comes across victories from the Adiges and the other peoples of the Pivnichny and Western Caucasus, which emigrated to send the Caucasus to Russia.

Mova Kabardino-Circassian (spilna with Kabardians) of the Abkhaz-Adiz group of the Pivnic Caucasian homeland. Viruchi - Muslim Suniti. In the XIV-XV centuries, the Circassians became Christians. Christianity penetrated to them from Vizantia in the X-XII centuries. In the XIV century, before the Circassians became penetrated by Islam. From the 1st to the 18th century, the Circassians were Islamicized, and the elements of Christianity were preserved in them right up to the 20th century. Bully at the Circassians and the Vlasy deities of the Yazychnitsky hike. For example, the god of pity Thagaleju, the patron saint of love Mazitkhe, bdzhilnitstva - Merisse, the great horned thinness - Akhina, kiz and sheep - Yamshu. Tsikavo, the god of shine that thunder Shible was the patron saint of the horse.

The name "Circassian", it’s a matter of fact, peregukutsya with "Kerket", as they called the old Greek authori one of the groups of the Adiga population of the rural Uzbek coast of the Black Sea. The current Circassian Bula is inhabited by Adigami in 5-7 centuries. In the 12-13th centuries, the part of the Adigi moved to the Terek, falling asleep here the princes of Velik and Mala Kabarda, the lord of those who expanded and Circassia. For example, 18 - on the cob of the 19th century, the mass resettlement of Kabardians to Circassia was brought about.

The second main component in the formulated modern Circassians is the bully devil. The first information about them in Russian documents is published up to the 16th century. In 16-18 centuries, the stinks of the boules are seen as bezlinivtsi, bezliny, bezlenivs'k Cherkasy, and the district occupied by them is Besleniv, Bisleniv, Besleneiski shinky.

The cycle of audio lectures "People of Russia"

In 1922, the Karachay-Cherkessk AT was approved (distributed in 1926 to the Karachaevsk AT and the Cherkessky National District, from 1928 - AT; in 1957, the stench became known), in 1991 it was re-introduced to the republic.

The main occupation is distant pasture cattle-breeding (vivtsi, kozi, horses, great horned thinness; before the adoption of Islam, pigs were also raised). The breeding of horses of the Kabardian breed took place in a special place.

Traditionally, the craft has been tied with a piece of animal products: woolen cloth, garment made, cloth too. Circassian cloth is especially highly valued among other peoples. On the pіvdnі Circassian Bula, the obrob of wood has been grown. Bulo kovalske craft is wider, zbroyova on the right.

The Circassians were united in the independent villages of the community, like the organization of self-production (which is important - from the possible community members). The members of the boules were tied with a circular bail, they were criminals with the outlying land and pastoral ugiddy, the right voice at the people's zbora. There were patrilineal homeland groups (members of some of them set up special quarters near the villages), splendid homesteads, hospitality, kunatstva. A great patriarchal family, which included a splinter of generation and up to 100 people, passed through until the 18th century. Semeyna hulks of small towns have begun to live up to the 19th century. Shlyub buv suvoro exogamnim. Shlyubny fences were widened by all relatives along both lines, on the sites of people, as they passed the milk spore. Levrate and sororate, nutritional value, active spore were eliminated. Whores fought through a splat of potatoes.

The winners of the largest daily auls of Circassia date back to the other half of the 19th century. In 19 - ear of 20 stolіttya bulo, 12 aul іs, in 20 rokakh 20 stolіttya - 5. Sadiba was surrounded by a fence. Zhitlov_ prim_schennya will be zazvychay facade for the day. The vein is little wickerwork on the stovpnom frame, smeared with clay, two-or-so chotirischiliy dakh iz tinu, crushed with straw, adobe piedloga. It was formed from one or more decilkoh rooms (for a number of seven friends), one to one was joined, the doors of the skin room went by the doors. One of the rooms served as Kunatskoy. When the walls were between the doors, they were wedged into the middle with a braided dimar, in the middle of which they installed a crossbar for moving the boiler. Gentlemen's buddies also shied away from mud, often small in a round oval shape. The current Circassians will be square large booths.

The traditional cholovich costume is a Circassian, beshmet, trousers, a farm hat with a woolen tulle, a burka, a belt, on the legs - chu'yaks, leggings, bagati - chervony sap'yanni choboti, sewn in gold. The infection is deprived of deyakі may a new set of the national costume і is presented to the new saint.

The female odd in the most recent variant was found in the 19th century. The cloth is small in size from the belt to the pidlog. Osshatne paying was sewn with a seam or oxamite, adorned with galloon and vishivka. Cloth of red color was allowed to be worn by noble women. The cloth was cut with a middle belt. Above, they put on a cherry captanchik from a dark red or black material, adorned it with gold and silver galloon, with medium grains. Vzuttya, vygotovlene zі shkіri, embroidered with a sіblom. The head dress of the Circassian women was hidden from the family camps: the girls walked in the small houses with an uncovered head, the grown-ups of the children and young women (before the people of the Persian child) wore a "gold cap" with a high firm border on abo oxamite; on top of a thin seamy hustka; When a child was born, the woman turned her hair back with a dark spine (the little ones were passed back by braids and were tied to the temrya with a special vuz) that challah. Happy Circassian women wear national cloths only at the saint's.

Drink a lot of dairy products and vegetables, collect and reload the grass and meat. Nybilsh popular leafy hlib s good test, how to live z Kalmytskiy chaєm(green from silly and tops). Vip_kali also dr_zhivy hl_b. Widely vikoristovuyutsya kukurudzhayans dough that groats. I love the taste of a ham or indichka with sauce, season with a chasnik and chervonim pepper. The meat of waterbirds will live in a leash and grease. Eat the lamb and yalovich with jam, call it with seasoning from yoghurt with the help of a chantelle and silly. Pislya boiled meat obov'yazkovo serve broth, if oiled - sour milk. The millet and corn dough is filled with honey to the sweet and the great booze is cooked. On holy rocking halva (from greased millet or wheat boroshna in syrup), bake pies.

In folklore, the central place is borrowed from the narrative on the mysterious story, the Nart epic. Rosvinene mystery of notifications and viconavts pisen (dzheguaki). Extensions of crying, labor and hot writing. Traditions musical instruments - violin, bzhamei (sopilka), pkharchach (percussion instrument), drums, on which they were grated with hands and sticks. For example, on the 18th century, the Russian Bula was suspected of having an accordion, for them the head rank of women, and for their instruments - choloviki.

Song of the Circassian supervodzhuzh from the people to death. In the XVI-XIX centuries there are boules of expanded heroes and historical paintings. In the songs, fighters against feudal oppression were challenged. In the first half of the 19th century, the people are thinking about the struggle against the conquest policy of the Russian tsarism. In this genre, the greatest interest is to form paintings: "Yak the Great Tsar before the Abadzekhs arrived", "Bzheduzky Tops", "Superb Bey", "Song about the Battle of Shekhapi".

The Circassians may have their moral and ethical and philosophical code "Adige Khabze", which was formulated on the basis of the old-time religious systems and Circassians and bringing to perfection the hour of the rich history of the people.

In 14-15 centuries Circassians became Christians. Christianity penetrated here from Vizant and Georgia in 10-12 centuries. At the 14th century, they became penetrated by Islam. The remainder of the Islamicization of the Circassians until the 18th century, and even after the Christianity, were preserved in the Circassians up to the 20th century. The Circassians worshiped ancient deities - the god of pity Tkhagalezh, the patron saint of love Mazitkhe, bdzhilnitstva - Merissa, the great horned thinness - Akhin, kiz and sheep - Yamshu, the upper їzdi - Zeikuyet.

I.X. Kalmikiv

Narisi

Living by the rules, sanctified by tradition

"Solidarity will end with good, not mindful of one thing - to unhappiness." This is how Circassian folk wisdom is used. Ale schob її intelligence, intelligence, hearing the Circassian Kazku "Divo-Yabluchko".

There lived three inseparable friends. Their friendship was like a motto: three hearts, like they seemed, fought at the same time.

In the first aul there lived a red, a yak worthy of all three friends. I won’t know: yak bootie? One young man dasi the word - two of them will be in the image.

I wondered, thought over, nareshti so virіshila:

I will be in favor of the one who goes by the light and wakes me up as a miracle.

Three friends got along on the road. They violated the miracle of shukati. Seven months were mandated at the same time, then they rocked up and down, and again, over the next seven months, again, once again.

The stench of blue light began to spread on the axis ...

Who do you know? - feeding the stench one in one.

I know the mirror, ”one young man said.

I know kilim-litak, ”said the young fellow.

And I am a miracle apple, - having said the third.

Friends became friends in the mirror, marveled, and they kicked the red, because of the stench of the mandryvka, they violated, died,

Eh, woe to the yak! - Viguknuv volodar of the charming mirror. - I would like to say goodbye to us from the kokhanoy!

Sit shvidshe on kilim-litak, - having proponuvv volodar of the enchanting kilim.

Kilim-litak having gone up to the sky with three friends and in one mile of flight on the way that the stench of two passed through these months.

Our friends told the fathers of the dvchini about their mandry, and they asked permission to look at the denouncement.

Wonder! - They said they were crying and they saw the shovkoy curse.

As soon as they saw the revealing of the girls, Volodar the miracle apple one day came to life.

I have a dream! - Good day, there was a good day and an apple.

We have become friends of dumati and gadati: who can become a squad for them?

Yakbi cannot be charmed by the mirror, we wouldn’t know it, she’d been named died, and they have long since been praised, ”said the master of the mirror. - Vaughn is mine by right.

And now we will know about death, because it’s not my kilim-litak - having said Volodar kilima. We will go to home in seven months. For a whole hour from the name I have lost more gunpowder. Do not get mixed up! There is mine!

The first charm of the mirror served us, and the kilim-litok added, - said Volodar the miracle-apple. - Ale yakbi is not my miracle apple, I won’t come to life. Vona become my squad. - I dodav, animals to friends:

Ty maєsh your magic mirror? - So.

And in you, your kilim-litak? - Є.

Todi turn me my miracle apple and take my name.

Turn the apple around, loudly, but it didn't go away. Aje krasunya yogo z'yila.

So, there were three friends won for the squad, like a miracle apple delivery.

We rote our message from the Circassian admiration "Solidarity is good, not mindful of one thing - to bad." Now it’s smart, as if three friends weren’t bullying in solidarity and if they weren’t mindful of one, then the Cossack "Divo-Yabluchko" is small.

I don’t know the past, the current price is not sensible

Who are the Circassians? The whole people of the group of Adigivs, who live in the Russian Federation, but also in the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia at once from the Karachay, Russian, Abazins, Nogays.

According to the population census in 2002, there was a bag of 49 591 Circassians. The Russian Federation has 60 517 Circassians. Mova among the Circassians - Kabardino-Circassian (spilna with Kabardians) of the Abkhaz-Adiz group of the Pivnic Caucasian homeland.

Circassians also live near the edges of Blizky Skhod. These stinks have moved from the other half of the century during the folding historical processes. Tse okrema, vzhaka, the topic is painful for an hour. Traces of quiet processes, the waking up of the Caucasus, are seen by the Circassians dosi.

In - the capitals, the Circassians became Christians. Christianity penetrated to them from Vizantia - the centuries. From the capital to the Circassians, becoming penetrated by Islam. From the 1st to the 18th century, the Circassians were Islamicized, and the elements of Christianity were preserved in them right up to the 20th century. Bully at the Circassians and the Vlasy deities of the Yazychnitsky hike. For example, the god of pity Thagaleju, the patron saint of love Mazitkhe, bdzhilnitstva - Merisse, the great horned thinness - Akhina, kiz and sheep - Yamshu. Tsikavo, the god of shine that thunder Shible was the patron saint of the horse. Among the Circassians-kovals, there is also a god - Tlєpshu.

The main occupation of the Circassians is animal husbandry (vіvtsі, goats, horses, great horny thinness). The breeding of horses of the Kabardian breed took place in a special place. Traditionally, the craft of the buoy is tied with a fillet of cattle products: woolen cloth, garment, cloak. Circassian cloth is especially highly valued among other peoples.

Leafy khlib from a good taste

Who are the Circassians, who are they like? In summer, it’s time for fate to get used to the main dairy products and vegetable crops, and to collect and carry over the herbs and meat crops. The most popular leafy bread from a good taste, which live from the Kalmyk tea (green from the silly and vershok). Vipіkayut also drіzhovy hlіb. Widely vikoristovuyutsya kukurudzhayans dough that groats.

I love the taste of a ham or indichka with sauce, season with a chasnik and chervonim pepper. The meat of waterbirds will live in a leash and grease. Serve the lamb and yalovychina to the table with jam, call in with seasoning from sour milk with a cook and drink and cilu (bzhinihu shchips). For boiled meat, serve broth as a rule, for butter - sour milk. From millet and corn boroshna with honey to weight and a great sacred drink mahsim (national low-alcohol drink). At the saint's place, roast halva (from greased millet or wheat boroshna in syrup), bake pies and pies (lek'ume, delen, hyalive).

Circassians know: life is good, you need a lot of pratsyuvati. The theme of the pratsi and righteous pratsi to finish is clearly depicted among the Circassian servants:

"Do not be too small for the right, but for the little ones."

"On the right, there are large pavements, some of them pidnesesh."

It is easy to say hello to people who are leading an unrighteous way of life, to sue the Circassian suspension and get out of hand. I vzagal, the topic of the correct vikhovannya is kindly opened at the Kaztsi "Vedmid-vikhovatel".

Dyakuyu for science

Lived a long time ago, old people from the old, lived from the people at their own village. Nicholas didn’t get any warm clothes, nor silty clothes. Ale not the stench of grief rakhuvali. There was a stench about those children who are dumb, not to ring the carefree childish laughter at the house.

The first axis on the cracks of rock came to them joy: a boy born to them - healthy, cheerful, garnishing, like a sleepy prospect.

The little one was born with them;

We will drive the sina in lakhmitti, people will laugh over us, - the old squad said. - Let’s go to the forest, maybe there’s your happiness.

The stench in the sleepy fox smelled, de human feet didn’t step, the little buddy and settled in the new one. One time the old man went to the forest for a good time, but the old one sat at home, nursed and slept with another song. The boy won on the poros of the border, and she lost one, she went for a chimos at the hut. And from hashі vibіg wedmіd, having buried the child and taking it. She was old, she was killing herself, crying, screaming ... What's the point? You won't turn a lad!

Priyshov is old at night before home, but in the house there is a grief, which an evil enemy will not forget. The stench burned in a breath and sang:

With a lisu nikudi is not good. There, de our Odin's ditina zagyuvala, do not let us go to death.

And at the same hour, I took the boy at his barlig and took hold of him, as a witness, to look out: when I got to the end of the day, I wanted to eat with fox peaks, berries that honey, and put it on my breasts. If the boy pidris, viviv yogo wedmid on Lisova Galyavina, vibrav a young oak mint and punished:

Anu, try it, virvi with root! Having crumpled the lad with his hands,

having mixed one another, ale only nahiliv yogo, and virvati from the earth not missed.

Mabut, not yet an hour! - muttering the message.

Passed a bit of rock. I knew again the boy's witness to Galyavin, and I raised the oak tree from the earth to pull. And the tree is vir_vnyalosya, zm_tsn_lo. I gave the boy strength, but all the same, he didn’t wrap the tree, he didn’t wipe the tree from the roots, but didn’t break the top.

Early, brother, early! - muttering once and for all.

Ale became the boy a strong and spritny youth. Having made it up, he will morning on galyavin. Highly grown oak Ale th lad heaped up the force. Having hunted a wine stovbur with his hands and wiggled an oak from the ground, like a bilinka.

The axis is now an hour! - Zradіv wedmіd. - Now, blue my, I will see you, who is it. A lot of rock_v that I walked the forest and beat a little buzzard. On the porosity, the woman sat with the child, and she spent the last day of the song. Vona sumuwala, why don't you blow the little shin. When I heard it, it became my mother and child. If you came out, I snatched the boy and took him. Slap tsey - ti! I virostiv you, wiggle, zrobiv can. Turn now to your dad with the mother, be your father-in-law that support. Go, see the people who call you, and remember to remember: evil is pulling evil behind you, good will give rise to good!

Having said the Yunak Vedmedev "dyakuyu" for science, turning to the father with the mother, the stench turned to their own aul, they began to live that life. They themselves did not know grief, and they helped the people in the middle of the day.

"Narti" - a monument of the holy culture

If my brothers fall asleep to the folk creativity of the Circassians, then the whole of the Circassian people will become a popular Nart Epos. Dovgy hour vіn passed from vust to vust. I am deprived of the first half of the century by becoming an object of record that vivchennya. In the Nart community there is a sense of honesty, readiness to give life for the happiness of people. The epic information "Narti" is a symbolic memory of the holy epic culture. The stench includes songs, eat and legend.

The love of the Circassians reproaches the narration, retellings, legends, stories and parables. Є the narration of the heroic and historical. Popular stories about Khatkokoskho, Chechanoko Chechani, Kaitkoko Aslanbech and many others. The order of the reliable podіyami, the said elements are fiction and vygadki. Tse zblzhu їkh і from kazkami. Historical references have spoken about the most important stories of the history of adigivs. Tell me about Oshnauska and Bzіyutsku battle.

The song of the Circassian super-Juval from the people before death. Bagato of religious rituals of supravodzhuvali psnі. In the XVI-XIX centuries there are boules of widening heroic and historical paintings. Stink about the most important stories about the history of the people and the exploits of these heroes. Chimalo pisen is dedicated to the struggle with the bulk of the hordes of the Crimean Tatars and Turkish vіysk. Often spіvaki vikonuvali spіvaki abrecheskі пісні, pictures about rebels (for example, "Pisnya about Martina", "About Ali Chorne").

Ale not only the history-heroic paintings may be seen among the people. Yak і earlier, popular ізні пісні. Works, love, fun, koliskov, hot, kids, pobutov.

Why rob the Circassian? Enjoy the etiquette, which is so called "adige khabze". With a respectful vivchennі of the Nart epic, you can know your words even more than all the elements of the Adyghe (Circassian) etiquette, all of these sides are presented in details.

There is a price for family-and-loving hundred functions, wedding ceremonies, principles of hospitality and vikhovannya children. Life vzagal. Bagato, having attributed tsiy etiquette within an hour, were reimagined for admission, became part of the national Circassian wisdom.

"Rozum is not selling, not bathing, but is taking from the person."

“Don't be happy there;

"Rozum is not worth it, but it is vikhovannya - mezhi."

"Etiket Materі - a pupil for a daughter."

"The price is not great for that which does not cost itself to itself."

Especially slid brutal respect on the offensive:

“If we’re cunning, we’ll forget the wickedness”. The thesis is still relevant for our hour.

Sprite cunning, on the thought of the Circassians, it is not good, and the smilivy mind is very good.

On a qiu topic, there is also a sviy zalizny attributed:

"The power of the rozumu is in the reserves of the people."

Inodi Circassians fry: "Don't eat me a dog of a smart people." Tse, you know, it’s more beautiful than a dog that’s not intelligent.