Disadvantages of the Global Competitiveness Index. World competitiveness. The world's most uncompetitive country

Powers around the world are trying to gain recognition not only for their people, but also to occupy the top ranks of various ratings. The edge of the skin becomes smeared, but I think it’s just one way or the other. The powers are recognized as the most cultural, the most democratic, the most economically apologetic, the most peaceful and the most active. The power will not be able to achieve success. Tim is no less, there are such powers that fight for the first place in everyone.

From this list of honorable cities, you can choose the first place in another rating, which is included in the global competitiveness index. We'll talk about this in more detail later.

Economics is not an easy thing

Most corners of the world have their own strategic goals. Ale є і є і, что мі мєєєєєвєвкаєй be-yak power. It is important for the country to ensure economic growth. Here we can include the fight for the goodness of the skin giant.

This strategy not only conveys the power to improve the quality of life, but also provides additional opportunities for managing socio-economic development. Various powers have found ways through innovative technologies. Having shown evidence of international investments that such a strategy itself, the countries of the “economic star” were able to improve their financial growth. It turns out that the global competitiveness index is influenced by the stimulation of innovative activity.

However, such an economical model is beyond the control of all powers. And those that cannot create an effective strategy for the development of innovation. These include not only the Russian Federation, but also other

It is necessary to work

Entrepreneurial activity is a destructive force in the development of competitiveness. Of course, there are a lot of factors involved, but entrepreneurship itself can benefit from innovative technologies. In its own way, this type of activity is subject to a variety of indicators that reflect the economic policy of the region and the development of government institutions.

Who's the smut?

In 1971, the World Economic Forum (WEF) was created. This organization is aware that it is quickly selecting heads of state from Davos. Besides leaders, business leaders and journalists come here. For 45 years now, nutrition has been discussed on the forum, which is related not only to the economy, but also to other pressing global problems: health and wellness protection.

This is a Swiss organization, whose founder is Professor Klaus Schwab. At the moment there is no change in the pottery. Also at work here is the permanent royal body – the Rada of Directors. The WEF membership includes nearly 1,000 companies and organizations throughout the world.

This world economic forum was created not only for discussions. Another department is deprived of research into areas of politics and economics. In 1979, a strong approach to global competition was introduced. We assessed over a hundred countries of the world based on two criteria: index of potential growth and competitiveness.

Expert and analytical research

Previously, she let go of her voice. Already since 2004, she has created an outstanding rating of powers, which is ranked on the index. This indicator evaluates the ability of the country to ensure high levels of goodwill among the citizens. The effectiveness of the use of internal resources, the improvement of the level of life, the productivity of work and the quality of services were also emphasized.

VEF Department

First of all, we look at the index of global competitiveness, and the managers must analyze secretly available statistical data and the results of a global survey of company leaders.

Behind the designated organizations, national competitiveness is the ability of the state to build on stable economic growth. The followers found connections between the level of competitiveness and the kindness of the citizens. What is the first showman, then the other is more positive.

Purpose of the index

The idea of ​​the forum is that powers need to stop denying the results of investigations. This assessment allows us to understand that there is an urgent need to reduce the reduction of folding machines on the road to enhance economic development and competitiveness. The index is a tool for identifying problematic sectors of economic policy and developing strategies for a comprehensive political model.

Floating

Representatives of the WEF insist that in order to achieve competitiveness it is necessary to pay attention to numerical and diverse factors. Obviously, the influx of the economy can be negative for a number of reasons: this includes poor regulation of the regional budget, high inflation rates.

It also has its own factors that have a positive impact on the economy: the protection of intellectual rights, a progressive judicial system, and important political decisions.

However, institutional factors may also play a role in the financial system. And also the beginning and retraining of the workforce, the possibility of comprehensive education and technological development. All officials can implement one or another economic system in different ways.

Warehouse elements

It appears that the analysis of the WEF Global Competitiveness Index is linked to the Business Competitiveness Index. The final word is still with the first showman. Before speaking, this is an index of the works of Xav Sala-i-Martin, which is presented in Vin as a detailed assessment of the World Economic Partnership.

So, in order to count the score, you need to increase to 113 points. Some of these factors are formed as a result of global research, and some are formed from statistical data and research results. There are 113 variable divisions into 12 categories. The stench was always due to empirical and theoretical research.

It is important to note that for each of these changes it is not possible to independently establish powers. In addition, all factors are interconnected. The productivity of the market for goods and services depends on the qualifications and professionalism of the workforce.

In order to control macroeconomic dynamics, it is necessary to effectively manage the regional budget, eliminate corruption and ensure the integrity of the economic system. Entrepreneurs can organize new technologies as soon as the loss of profits outweighs investment costs.

Thus, it is clear that the index of global competitiveness of the region is limited to those regions that can pursue an all-out policy based on the low factors and interrelations between them.

What's the difference?

The successors of the WEF are committed to ensuring the progress of the economy of both this and other powers. Whose stench develops in different stages. The inflammation of the skin is associated with its cob conditions and structural and organizational parameters. These data allow us to position the power among others through the prism of development.

They are now working on the calculation methodology so that the global competitiveness index will have an objective and adequate mechanism for monitoring the level of the economy for the ongoing changes in the global environment.

Methodology

Also, as stated earlier, the investigation analyzes 113 indicators. Stinks are found in 12 categories. A total of 34 changes were uninsurable based on secretly available statistical data. This includes the external borg, the world of life and other displays. The decision of the officials is to wait until the global education, which includes the idea of ​​over 14 thousand bureaucrats of the companies.

Following this principle, powers control economic development at the stage of development. And here the per capita of the population is deprived of GDP. I would like to point out that, for example, for Russia another criterion has to be established - the level of seniority in the development of the main officials. This situation tends to stagnate if a country is rich in mineral resources.

Stages

As has already been said before, we first need to determine the stage of development of the power. Usyogo їх 5: up to factor development there are 37 regional economies. Before them include most African powers, as well as India, the Kyrgyz Republic, Vietnam, etc.

The other group is a transitional stage of factor development to effective development. This category includes 16 powers: Azerbaijan, Iran, Moldova, Mongolia, etc. Up to the third group, entering another stage of development is effective. There are 30 economies here: Ukraine, China, Serbia, Deep Africa, Bulgaria, Virginia, etc.

The fourth group is also considered a transitional stage, which is also effective before innovation. This category includes 24 economies: Russia, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Uruguay, Poland, United Arab Emirates and others. The remaining group is the third stage of development. There are 37 countries that have an innovative economy: most of them are European, as well as the USA, Australia and New Zealand, South Korea, Japan, etc.

Follow-up 2016

The World Economic Forum has already taken place in 2016. The investigation was completed by analysis of 138 countries. Competitiveness 2016-2017 again placed in the place of the powers. Skin infections cause a result that can disappear.

Switzerland is no longer the leader in these races. Vaughn occupies the first row already after all. Afterwards, Singapore and the USA lost it. Our global competitiveness index for 2016 is expected to reach 5.8 and 5.7 units. These powers are leaders in providing the whole world with innovative technologies and services.

Not a dozen leaders have been transformed since the past. After Switzerland, Singapore and the USA Index 5.6 was taken by the Netherlands and Germany, 5.5 by Sweden, Great Britain, Japan and Hong Kong, 5.4 by Finland and Norway.

Losing positions

The investigation showed that negative trends are to be avoided. The Global Competitiveness Index 2016 is due to the influx of other organizations into powers. Talk about the EU. This institution will preserve the gap between the European powers. The rating shows that the regions of Eastern and Western Europe are on the economical “hit parade”. And the Pivdenny axis suffers from the financial crisis, which is indicated on the Index. Spain settled in 32nd place, Italy - 44th, Greece, for the rest of the river, moved down five positions and occupied 86th row.

The Near Descent and Eastern Africa, as before, will continue to descend. Qatar recently sat in 14th place and is now in 18th place. Saudi Arabia has already taken both positions and is in 29th place. The global competitiveness index of Iraq will not see a new fate. This indicates that the situation in the region is very deplorable.

Central and Pivdennaya Africa are also behind the rear. The leaders are: Mauritius on the 45th row, Deep Africa – on the 47th and Rwanda – on the 52nd. All other powers that are present in this territory are significantly behind. Each of them needs external assistance to enhance economic development and improve the global competitiveness index.

Regions of SND

The Russian Federation, under the rule of wealthy other powers, managed to rise to two levels and 43rd place. The economy is currently in recession, but the positive result was lost due to the efficiency of the internal market and the speed of bureaucratic changes. Likewise, progress must be avoided. Downward pressure is high inflation, low influx of capital.

Kazakhstan ranked 53rd in the global competitiveness index. Due to the past fate, the result was even worse, leaving the country down to 11th position. For five criteria from 12 Kazakhstan has painted itself distinctly, reshta 7, for example, to show regression. Factors that positively contributed to the Global Competitiveness Index 2016. Kazakhstan has achieved progress through innovative technologies, entrepreneurship, and advanced education.

Ukraine showed a negative result. Vaughn fell from 79 to 85. The main problems of the region include political instability, corruption, inflation, government bureaucracy and high taxes.

Azerbaijan improved its current result by three stages and planted on the 37th month. This power is the leader of the middle regions of the SND. Tajikistan showed a positive result, moving from 80th place to 77th. Virmenia also decreased by three positions and is located in 79th place. And Moldova (100) and Kyrgyzstan (111) significantly increased their axis. In the first episode, the country dropped to 16 positions, and in the other - to 9.

The ranking of global competitiveness 2012-2013 was topped by Switzerland, which ranks first in the ranking of the fourth country in the world. The other third place is occupied by Singapore and Finland, obviously. The regions of Northern and Western Europe continue to dominate the top ten list: the top ranks are occupied by Sweden (4th place), the Netherlands (5th), Germany (6th).

The received States sit on the 7th month. Regardless of the improvement in competitiveness indicators, the United States will continue to fall in the fourth-ranking ranking, moving up two places to its current position. In addition to the growing macroeconomic imbalance, certain aspects of the country's institutional framework will continue to result in increasing pressure among business leaders, while the level of trust in succession will be reduced to a low level. Before political figures, the effectiveness of the state is also not high enough. The positive sign is that the region is still deprived of the global innovation center and the markets are operating effectively.

Farther to go is Great Britain (8th place) and Hong Kong (9th). Japan, which completes the top ten most competitive economies, falls behind the ranking of Asia, despite the fact that its position will continue to decline.

The research demonstrates that the gap in competitiveness among European countries continues to widen. At that time, as the regions of Eastern and Western Europe changed their traditionally strong competitive positions during the economic crisis of 2008-2009, the regions of Western Europe, such as Porto Galiya (49th year), Spain (36th year), Italy (42nd year) and especially Greece (96th month), will continue to suffer from competitive disadvantages, such as macroeconomic instability, poor access to finance, weak markets, and a lack of innovation.

The leaders in the Middle East and Lower Africa region are Qatar (11th place) and Saudi Arabia (18th place). The United Arab Emirates (24th month) improved its performance, while Kuwait (37th month) dropped a little in the ranking.

Middle African countries as of today Saharan Africa (52nd place) and Mauritius (54th) are in the top half of the ranking. In most countries, the region requires further external assistance to strengthen its economic development and competitiveness.

Among the countries of Latin America, the leadership is losing to Chile (33rd place), and the competitiveness of low-income economies is also advancing, including Panama (40th place), Brazil (48th place), Mexico (53rd place) and Peru (61st place).

The great market economies of the BRIC region that are developing are showing different signs. Despite the slight decrease in the rating by three positions, China (29th place) continues to lead the group. Brazil (48th place) moved up in the ranking, while India (59th) and Russia (67th) significantly lowered their positions.

Russia lost one position in the ranking and dropped to 67th place. Russia's neighbors on the list were Iran (66th place) and Sri Lanka (68th). It appears that, with the advance of fate, the stable development of Russia has depended on such warehouses as the strength of institutions, competition in the markets of goods and services, antimonopoly policy and the disruption of the financial market. The expansion has occurred in just two warehouses: the macroeconomic environment and infrastructure. As of the past, business representatives call the key problems for economic development in Russia corruption and ineffectiveness of the government apparatus, as well as high tax rates. However, the importance of problems with the availability of finance and the qualifications of the workforce has significantly increased. All these problems are important to Russia quickly due to their competitive advantages, such as the equally low level of the sovereign trade and budget deficit, the significant burden of the domestic market, the apparently high innovative potential and the obvious Now it's illuminated.

In the middle of the largest Soviet Socialist Republic, Russia let ahead of Estonia (34th place), Lithuania (45th), Azerbaijan (46th), Kazakhstan (51st), which improved its position by 21 points, and Latvia (55th). Other powers of the post-graduate expanse ranked lower: Ukraine (73rd place), Georgia (77th), Virginia (82nd), Moldova (87th), Tajikistan (100th) and Kyrgyzstan (127th). Belarus is rated by the WEF on a daily basis.

Comments Klaus Schwab, Founder and Past Director of the World Economic Forum: “Stable differences in competitiveness in various regions of the world and in the middle of these regions, especially in Europe , lie at the heart of the instability we are experiencing today and threaten our future prosperity . We are redesigning the order of our business and making long-term approaches to strengthen competitiveness and turn the world back on the roads of development.”

XavierSala-i-Martin, professor of economics at Columbia University in the USA, comments: “The Global Competitiveness Index provides insight into long-term trends such as and shape the competitiveness of national economies. From this point of view, you can provide useful information about the key areas that the country is responsible for in order to optimize productivity, which means a more economical future.”

The European Institute of Management Development (IMD), based in Lausanne (Switzerland), is engaged in researching the competitiveness of the region.

Under the competitiveness of the region, the Institute of Management intends to create and support the environment in which competitive business is responsible for the creation of the national economy. The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook is the most analytical study of competitiveness that the Institute has been conducting since 1989 in collaboration with previous organizations around the world.

As of today, The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook is one of the most recent studies of the problems of competitiveness of powers and regions, which in a number of countries is being used to shape government policy and the significance of further actions has been advanced. not the competitiveness of the national economy, as well as strategic business decisions of great companies. The country in the ranking is assessed based on the analysis of 331 criteria based on the main indicators:

• · Economics camp;
• · Efficiency of order;
• · The camp of the business middle;
• · Infrastructure station.

Skin indicators are equal and include five factors. Thus, the aggregate rating of the competitiveness of the powers is based on 20 different indicators from four key aspects of the economic life of the country. During the development period, data from international organizations such as the UN, COT, INP, OECD, IMF, World Bank and others, as well as 57 partner institutions around the world, are being analyzed. The rating is based on the final ratio: two thirds are statistical data and one third are expert estimates. The business climate in these regions is assessed based on the thoughts of analysts, studying the data of large corporations and financial leaders.

According to the recent ranking of the World Economic Forum (WEF) for 2011-2012, the region is ranked 66th from 142nd. Russia kicked off behind as apologetics, and rich countries - zokrem, other members of the BRIC. Over the period since 2005, when the methodology for developing the WEF Global Competitiveness Index significantly changed, Russia, which was among the BRIC countries in 3rd place after India and China, was ranked third From its position in Brazil, it moved to the remaining position. In just one hour, China, for example, has increased to thirty of the most competitive countries.

From 2000 to 2004, Russia occupied the lowest place in the fourth place in the WEF growth and business competitiveness indices - analogues of the daily global competitiveness index. The index of global competitiveness of Russia itself has remained at a constant level of 4.2 (out of 7) points for the remaining three years. According to WEF estimates, the consistency with basic macroeconomic benefits and the efficiency of the business environment in Russia has improved slightly over the past few years. The strongest dynamics were shown by the development of infrastructure and technological development (+0.8 points to a value of 4.5 and 3.7 points). Indicators of health, educational attainment, general education and vocational training have decreased. Increasing the level of excellence in business, enhancing the company's competitiveness and innovative potential.

Particularly low assessments of the region in 2011 were monitored by indicators of the development of institutions (rules of the game) and financial markets, the effectiveness of commodity markets and business organization. As we can see from this, although Russian business is far from ideal, and its business strategies for many ratings (and not just in this rating), are often primitive and short-sighted, although there is a gap in payment in the middle of Russia which companies are simply unreasonable, but the state is even more bitterly dying its functions and will require deep reform. The top five main factors that affect the development of business in Russia are corruption, bureaucracy, crime situation, high tax rates and difficulties in accessing financing.

Given that Russia is equal to the average per capita GDP, it is noticeably (from 1.5 to 5 times) more than its BRIC partners, which means that their institutions are not suitable for everything. Compared to year-to-year productivity, Russia is the same (2-5 times), and the wage efficiency axis (“salary return”) is twice as low. This means that it is not possible to eliminate the vitality of life in Russia after the fall without rapid modernization. However, focusing more on pensioners, blue-blooded merchants and part of the global technostructure will not work. The creative class cannot do without it. And she doesn’t want to play by the old rules.

On September 12, 2012, the Heritage Foundation Center published its ranking of the country in terms of economic freedom. As of yesterday, Russia scored 50.5 points out of 100 (with the average showing of 59.5 points). It is important to note that the powers that rejected the rating below 50 points are already considered by the center as “invalid”. The country is in 144th place, finishing the list of “importantly unimportant” economies and not least ahead of China – 138th place, and ahead of Brazil and India, which rank similarly 99th and 133rd place in the ranking of economic freedom.

Following the results of the last ten years, the situation in Russia showed some significant improvement. The index of economic freedom during this period hovered around 50-51 points. Of course, economic freedom is far from being the only criterion of economic success, however, in other, more comprehensive ratings, including the ratings of the International Institute of Management Development (IMD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF), which became Russia It does not correspond to the basic potential. The country would occupy a higher position not only because of the great domestic market, natural resources (including Brazil, China, and New Africa), but also for the supply of a very clear labor force. At which rate of growth of the Russian economy in 2000-2010 were not excessive, but in general corresponded to the level of development of the region, leaving the natural decline in GDP in 2009 by 8%, turning it onto the transferred trajectory I'm growing.

Fig.1

Yakshcho Zh resurrect on ratings, Yaki, behind the hijacking of їkhnіkh creative, not to talk about the passing of the same, but about the Maybutnes of the Country, then the prospect of the Ekonomic vision in the new Sviti at the status of the “promising gigant” of the Great Pannyam. Of course, you can, like a radyan, get out of your thoughts abroad, but what about this? And you can try to understand the value of a special relationship between a great authoritarian economy and a corrupt government. Navikhchi represented the representatives of the yak on the earnings of the 2000s approximately as follows: non-constituent to the roses to scrap 30-40% of budgeted pennies, ale 60-70% of the RIDNA EKONOKA, and not at Vidtіk Kapail, Yak in 1990s. I hope it has turned out that money is being siphoned off, and capital is growing less and less.

Based on IMD research, in 2011 Russia was ranked 49th (out of 59 countries) in the ranking of the competitiveness of countries in the world. In 2001, the country took 43rd place - the same as in 2011, without regulating new countries that rose to the rating. During the same period, India and China not only were stronger, but also showed better dynamics. Thus, India rose to 10th position (32nd place in 2011), China – to 7th (19th place). Brazil was ranked lower than Russia, and that is only two times - in 2004 and in 2007, and fell in 11 places by 4 positions to 44th place.

Such assessments of the social and institutional environment are a component of the effectiveness of a state according to IMD, such as the sufficiency of special security and privacy, the integrity of the judicial system, political stability, and the clarity of government policy. , the prevalence of bureaucracy and corruption is much lower for Russia, lower for Brazil, India and China . Because the business environment is in turmoil, business in the region is losing its edge, and the legislative support for the creation of firms has decreased slightly over the past 10 years. The brainstorm in Russia is outpacing the competitiveness of the economy, which is much stronger than in other countries of the BRIC, and due to the fact that foreign fakhists were received, the country fell from the first to the last position in the time In other countries, they are rapidly developing. At the same time, most of these and other indicators in the country over ten years have decreased or lost to a much lower level.

Fig.2 The level of corruption in the BRIC countries is consistent with the IMD competitiveness rating (10-point scale)

Index of growing competitiveness(Growth Competitiveness Index - GrowthCI) indicates the likelihood of the economy achieving stable growth in the mid-term perspective.

• basic (state and community institutions, infrastructure, health care and school education);
• what promotes efficiency (I look at professional education, market efficiency, technological development);
• innovative (incrimination of business, power of innovation).

Following the new methodology of the World Economic Forum, the number of factors to be insured increased from 35 to 90: assessments were made of the efficiency of the food market, the deterioration of infrastructure and business, health care, etc. -12). In the opinion of the WEF, in addition to the high macroeconomic indicators that were previously insured (low income from Derzhborg, budget surplus, etc.), there is a very effective market in Russia: tightness in hiring and flexible sleepovers workers, determined by the size of salaries. The technology system (mobile phones, computers, Internet) is growing. Rated 2006 Russia dropped to 62nd place. This group of experts studied in apparently prosperous regions of Russia, where the activities of great companies are concentrated, and in other areas. In the territorial aspect, the intensity of the business climate is extremely heterogeneous. The possibility of developing small and medium-sized businesses is also limited. Very low and humble displays:

• components of institutions;
• independence and transferability of the ship system;
• objectivity of the decision of officials;
• protection of the rights of minority shareholders

Index of global competitiveness of countries for 2018 showing that the US economy is close to an “ideal power”, like any other country. On a scale from 0 to 100, America scored 85.6 points, followed by Singapore (83.5 points), Germany (82.8 points), the leader of the current rating is Switzerland (82.6 points) and Japan (82.5 points). . .

Based on competitiveness, the authors presented at the World Economic Forum (WEF) understand the creation of the region to encourage high incomes, preserve the balance of socio-economic minds and promote satisfaction in the lives of communities yang

The axis looks like the top 10 most competitive countries in 2018

Why America has become the most globally competitive country in the world

WEF sees three aspects of the US's superiority among 140 economies in the world. This is the size of the market, the innovative ecosystem (including host culture, openness and flexibility) and stability.

Tim is not a mensch, it’s too early for the United States to rest on its laurels. According to the WEF, America stands out from other countries with a damaged economy for the protection of health. Nina's life expectancy at the end of the Middle Ages was 67.7 years. There is also concern about the deterioration of security, as the number of kills has doubled the average figure in other countries due to the damaged economy. Moreover, the United States ranks 40th for such indicators as a streaming system and anti-aggression system, 15th for judicial independence and 16th for corruption.

In fact, if we look at innovation, the American economy is even stronger. “Innovation has become one of the most important minds for all countries with disrupted economies and is a priority for a growing number of countries that are developing. It’s already important that most of them wanted to make innovation an important engine of growth.”, - write the authors of the report. “The results show that the world has only a handful of innovative athletes, including Germany, the United States and Switzerland.”

The city of Russia is ranked in the global competitiveness of the region

The city of Russia in the competitiveness rating

The Russian Federation is in 43rd place on the list of the most competitive countries. Vaughn scored 65.6 points per hundred, and “stripped” two rows up the level equaled by 2017. The prospects for growth of the Russian economy are set at 1.7%, which is the highest figure for five years.

The expansion of Russian experts from the WEF explains the stabilization of the minds of macroeconomic development, favorable conditions for innovative development and the advancement of new information technologies in the everyday life of the citizens of the region.

And the weaknesses of the Russian Federation are financial and economic markets, as well as health protection. The level of stench is found in 86, 83 and 100 places in a similar manner. For one of the 12 key “pillars”—and the institutions themselves—Russia scored more than 52.7 points, ranking 72nd on the list.

The world's most uncompetitive country

On the regional level, the edges of Africa as of today are leading the concentration of the most inefficient economies in the world. All of the 10 least competitive countries are located in this region.

And the most uncompetitive power in 2018 is Chad (140th place, 35.5 points per 100 possible). In another place, Yemen (36.4 points) rose from the end, and the top three was completed by outsiders Gaita (36.5 points).

Why is global competitiveness important? The authors acknowledge that it embraces a shift in the level of life and creates resources necessary to achieve a wide range of social goals.

Methodology for the Global Competitiveness Index

In 2018, a group of WEF experts developed a new methodology for creating their own opinion. This was necessary to depict the destruction of the world due to the influx of massive proliferation of cyberphysical systems - the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution.

The Index included 98 indicators and 12 indicators of competitiveness, from which 140 countries were assessed for:

1. the strengths of their institutions;
2. infrastructure;
3. advancement of information and communication technologies;
4. macroeconomic stability;
5. health of the population;
6. extensive information and professional training;
7. lively market;
8. rinku praci;
9. financial system;
10. the size of the domestic market;
11. business development dynamics;
12. innovative potential.

For the skin score, a scale was used from 0 to 100. The more points a country scores, the closer its economy is to the ideal “cordon” of competitiveness.

National competitiveness is a leading indicator of the country’s development in the international sector of international economic development. National competitiveness is understood as the establishment of the country and its institutions to ensure a stable rate of economic growth in the middle-class perspective. Countries with high levels of national competitiveness expect to ensure a higher level of goodwill among their citizens. The competitiveness of national economies is determined by numerical and even diverse factors.

The ranking of countries in terms of economic competitiveness is based on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which is based on the methodology of the World Economic Forum (WEF), which is based on on a combination of publicly available statistical data and the results of global research of ceramic companies. The first GC was divided by EEF experts in 2004 and 2006. It is seen as the main indicator for an equal assessment of the competitiveness of different countries. The Global Competitiveness Index consists of changes that characterize in detail the competitiveness of the world's regions at various stages of economic development.

The methodology for developing the IGC is being gradually improved; IGK 2013 2014 r.r. a total of 113 changes, which were combined in 12 blocks of control indicators (factors), which indicate national competitiveness;

• 1) the strength of institutions;
• 2) infrastructure;
• 3) macroeconomic stability;
• 4) health and cob light;
• 5) general education and professional training;
• 6) efficiency of the market for goods and services;
• 7) efficiency of the market;
• 8) deterioration of the financial market;
• 9) the level of technological development;
• 10) attended to the internal market;
• 11) competitiveness of enterprises;
• 12) innovative potential.

Using blocks of control indicators, it is impossible to strictly ensure the competitiveness of the economy. As the author and researcher of the IGC, Professor Javier Sala-i-Martin, emphasizes, they stink

are less effective when combined with other alternatives. Thus, for example, the effect of increased labor costs may be reduced through inefficiency in the labor market. The significance of other factors for increasing the competitiveness of the region is related to the starting minds and institutional and structural characteristics that allow the positioning of the national economies of completely different countries across the development prism. Based on the WEF's developments, the most competitive ones are the economies of these countries, which are able to pursue a comprehensive policy and take into account the entire range of factors and the interconnection between them.

With the breakdown of the Central Committee of the region, there will be differences stages of economic development : extensive growth , effective growth , innovative growth What are the relationships between blocks of key indicators and factors (Table 1.2) There are three groups of blocks of control indicators that will ensure the competitiveness of the region at various stages of development.

A country that is at any stage of economic development depends on all the key factors, including their role and significant differences; Its competitiveness is determined by key indicators that indicate its development stage. Basic officials will ensure the competitiveness of the edge of the stage of extensive growth; efficiency factors – at the stage of effective growth; Innovative officials are at the stage of innovative growth.

Table 1.2

Stages of economic development of the region and key indicators of competitiveness

The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) is calculated as an arithmetic average based on the assessment of all factors ranging from 1 to 7. During the GCI 2013-2014, the top ten with indicators ranging from 5.37 to 5.67 increased Switzerland, Singapore, Finland, Germany, USA, Sweden , Hong Kong,

The Netherlands, Japan and Great Britain. China is ranked 29th in the 1st Civil Code ranking 2013-2014, Brazil - 56th, India - 60th.

Russia rose in the ranking from 67th to 64th place. The opinion of the WEF agrees that, due to the recent fate, the development of Russia has been reduced in many ways due to the range of macroeconomic factors. Russia rose in this section of the ranking from 22nd to 19th place due to the low level of the sovereign government and the budget surplus. To the strengths of the Russian economy, the authors of the report also highlighted the high level of coverage, infrastructure and significant services to the domestic market.

However, Russia's competitive advantages are determined by the low efficiency of state institutions (118th place), insufficient innovative potential (78th place), ineffective antimonopoly policy (116th place), lack of apology financial market (121), low level of competition in markets for goods and services (135th place), deficit of investor confidence in the financial system (132nd place).

Representatives of business call the key problems of economic development in Russia corruption, ineffectiveness of the government apparatus, and high tax rates. All these factors, in the opinion of the authors of the evidence, correspond to the ineffective distribution of the region’s resources and outpace the growing competitiveness.