Physico-geographical camp of the Khabarovsk region. Geographical expansion of the region of the Khabarovsk Territory. Physical and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory Exact coordinates of Khabarovsk

Abstract

At term paper“Economic and geographical characteristics

Khabarovsk Territory”I reviewed a comprehensive assessment

edge at all її raznomanittі and z raznyh storіn. Rozkryto ekonomiko-

geographic location of the region (USP visibility), economy is given

Assessment of Natural Minds and Resources (TSPR), reviewed

demographic situation and labor resources of the region (reinsurance coefficient

correlation), an assessment of the state (loan coeficient

specialization, a diagram of the energy-generating cycle has been drawn up) and

transport (characteristics of other types of transport, rozrahunok

density of transport routes) complexes in the region, analyzed

environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory

skin okremy place on the natural middle). The method of this work

є view of the Khabarovsk Territory as a structural unit of TOPS

kraїni, scho volodya natural resource, demographic and

government potential.

Sideways 52

Tables 11

Baby 6

Bibliographic dzherela 13

Introduction…………………………………………………………………..1

1. Economic and geographical situation of the Khabarovsk Territory……….7

2. Economic evaluation of natural minds and resources……….…11

3. Population and labor resources……………………………………..17

4. Gospodarsky complex of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..21

5. Transport complex of the Khabarovsk Territory………………………37

6. Ecological problems of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..42

Visnovok.

Bibliographic list.

Entry

Khabarovsk Territory roztashovuetsya Far away Russian Federation. At the Sunset and at the Pivnochi Khabarovsk Territory is between the subjects of the Russian Federation - the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, the Republic of Sakha and the Magadan Region. A similar cordon to the region to pass through the territory of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan, distributing the waters of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Sakhalin Region. On a pіvdny vіd krai roztashovanі Primorsky krai and PRC. The Khabarovsk Territory is included in the Far Economic Region.

The territory of the region occupies 4.6% of the area of ​​Russia. More than half of the area is occupied by flat mountains and mountains that reach up to 2500 m. The climate near the region is calm, monsoon, the average temperature of the inlet does not exceed +24 ° C in the southern part of the region and +15 ° C on the pivnochi, wintering - -23 about C on the pivdni and -40 about C, on the uzberezhzhі: -18 about C and -24 about Z obviously. The river fall fall becomes 400 - 600 mm at nightfall and 600 - 800 at nightfall, in the mountains this fall can reach 1000 mm for an hour.

The Khabarovsk Territory includes 17 administrative districts and two places of the regional order: Khabarovsk (with a total of 612 thousand inhabitants) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur (about 298.5 thousand persons). There are 7 towns, 27 settlements of the mіsk type and 186 rural administrations in the region. On the territory of the bag over 1571 yew. Meshkantsiv, about 81% of them are city dwellers.

Khabarovsk Krai Establish two of the most important factors, which designate the camp of the Khabarovsk Territory in the system of Russian regions. Nasampered is a special economic and geographical camp for the region.

Another chinnik is an exhausting resource potential. The Khabarovsk Territory lies up to the rich regions of Russia. Tse gives the opportunity to occupy an important place in the economy of the country from low positions.

Through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, land, water and repeat routes pass, which get the inner regions of Russia with Pacific ports, and the edges of the SND Western Europe with the powers of the Asia-Pacific region

The method given is to look at the Khabarovsk Territory, as a structural unit of the TOPS region, which Volodya has a natural resource, demographic and state potential.

To the heads of the department, I have shown the current state of the natural, social and Galuze warehouse economy of the region.

1. Economic and geographical camp of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Khabarovsk Territory of distribution to the Far Skhod of the Russian Federation was 788.6 thousand km 2 (4.6% of the area of ​​Russia). Distance from the regional center metro station Khabarovsk to Moscow – 8533 km. The global population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average population is 2.2 people / km2 - one of the lowest among the regions of the Federation.

Khabarovsk is the main and largest city on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. Founded in 1858 as a military post of Khabarovka (named after the Russian explorer Y. P. Khabarov). From 1880 - the town of Khabarivka, the administrative center of the Primorsky region, from 1884 - the Amur Governor-General. In 1893 the place was renamed to Khabarovsk. In 1872, a river port was established in Khabarovsk. 1873 Pochatkov school. At 1897 p. Khabarovsk z'ednany zalіznica z Vladivostok. For example, XIX century. near Khabarovsk there was a stone Orthodox cathedral, 3 Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, 11 schools, including a real one, a cadet corps, a technical school, a female gymnasium and other. Trade was conducted by craft. D_yali steam mill and k_lka tsegelnyh zavodіv. In 1891, a monument was erected to Count M. M. Muravyov-Amursky, the Governor-General of Skhidny Siberia (cherubed by Amur expeditions in 1850-55). In 1894, the Amur (Khabarovsk) branch of the Russian Geographical Association was created with a museum and a library. In 1902 p. in Khabarovsk, the military plant "Arsenal" (nine "Daldiesel") was founded. In 1908, the base of the Amur Flotilla was created. At the beginning of the XX century. Khabarovsk is the great shopping center of the Far Skhod. In 1916, there was a turn of inducements of the trans-shipment across the Amur, which connected the Khabarovsk transom with the Skhidniy Siberia. At the fall of the leaves 1922 Khabarovsk near the warehouse of the Far-Out Republic (FER) to the RRFSR. From 1926 - the center of Dalekoskhidny, from 1938 - the Khabarovsk Territory. 1940 flights by air across the station Volochaivka from Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The distribution of the population of the territory in the region is uneven: the most densely populated part is the pivdenny part (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least populated - pivnіchna (Ayano-Travneviy district - 0.03 people / km2).

78% of the population lives near towns and 22% - near rural areas. On the territory of the region, 7 districts were stashed, among the largest - Khabarovsk (612 thousand), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (315 thousand), Amursk (60 thousand), Mykolaivsk-on-Amur (37 thousand)

Representatives of about 100 nationalities linger at the edge: Russians (86%), Ukrainians (6.2%), Belarusians (1.1%), Tatars (1.0%), Jews (0.8%), Koreans (0, 5%) and others.

The number of the first-rate population, occupied by the forest complex, is 22.2 thousand. osib, or 4.6%.

In the economy of the region, industry plays a role (60% of the total regional product). The region has 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far Gathering and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main galleys are machine-building and metalworking, grub industry, woodworking, woodworking and pulp-and-paper industry, crafting of everyday materials.

Pitoma vaga production lіsovogo complex zagalnomu promyslovoї produktsії krai is estimated at 3%, which is similar to the indicator of the middle of other rich regions of Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of the used wood that is harvested at Dalekoe Skhod, 35% of lumber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboard, 65% of cardboard.

The main enterprises of the complex are located near the southern and central parts of the country and are heavy to the transshipment highways and the sea coast.

Over the last 10 years, the forest complex in the region has experienced a serious decline: the number of villages has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of lumber - by 11 times, and wooden boards - by 8 times. The structure of lumber processing in the region is characterized by a very low level of syrovin processing. Round business lіs (sawlog, veneer logs and balance sheets) may be direct for export. Tse to put the economy of the forest complex on the basis of fallow in the conditions of conjuncture in foreign markets, and Japan.

Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest regions in the Russian Federation. Yogo area to become 12.7 square meters - Dalekoshidny economic region. The territory of the region stretches from midnight to midday mayzha for 1800 kilometers and from the exit to the exit for 125 - 750 kilometers. Vіdstan vіd yogo center to moscow on the lіznica - 8533 km, on the other hand - 6075 km. The region is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk and the Japanese (Tatar channel) seas. The length of the coastline (including the islands, the largest of them

Shantarsky) - 3390 kilometers.

On the shores of the Tatar channel, one can see handy for arranging ports in the water area - the Chikhachov Stream, Vanino Bay, and especially - a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected, and great bays that satisfy the inlet of Radyansk Gavan. The flow, as well as the dry bay of Vanino, are accessible to ships during the winter period. The region is characterized by a well-spread merezha. The greater part of the river reaches the Pacific Ocean basin (the rivers of the Amur basin), the smaller part - to the basin of the Ice-Cold Ocean (the rivers of the Lensky basin). The territory of the krai is located on the peninsula at a distance of 430 km from the Pivnichny polar stake, and the pivdenniy krai is located on a parallel line, which passes on the peninsula from the island of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and trochi on the pivnichny from Rostov-on-Don.

Khabarovsk Territory may have built cordonies with the usual administrative units of the Far Outgoing, at the last entrance, go up to them. At the entrance to the border with the Amur region, at the pivnіchny entrance from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), at the pіvnіchі - from the Magadan region, at the exit - from the Sakhalin region, in view of which the waters of the Tatarskaya protoka, the protoka of the Amos Primorsky Territory and on the pivdenny entrance - from the People's Republic of China. Cordon from China to pass the Ussuri river, the Kazakevichev channels, then the Amur. The length of the warehouse is hundreds of kilometers. The cordon of the Khabarovsk Territory may sail from the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, there are transport and economic links with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions. The economic-geographical camp of the Khabarovsk Territory is already its own. From one side, the largest water supply to the Center of Russia is the area, links with some other difficulties: the Trans-Siberian Railway is covered with a single land route, from the other side - Pacific Ocean, to the Asia-Pacific region, which rapidly develops at a time, where more than half of the world's population lives. Mutual relations between the lands of this region are being strengthened at the same time, and Russia is unbearably left out of the way.

- Subject of the Russian Federation, enter the warehouse of the Far Federal District.

area- 788.6 thousand sq. km.
From pivnich to pivnich at 1,800 km. From the approach to the exit - 125-750 km.

Population- 1401.9 thousand chol (dani 2009)
Population size - 1.8 people. per 1 sq.
Part of the Mishka population - 80.6%, rural - 19.4%.

Administrative center- the city of Khabarovsk.

Geographical location.
Khabarovsk region of roztashovaniya near the center of the Far Skhod. On the territory of the region, the mountainous relief prevails (over 70% of the territory). Nearly three quarters of the territory are occupied by mountains and flat mountains with heights from 500 to 2500 meters. The main mountain ranges - Sikhote-Alin, Coastal, Dzhugdzhur - are on the way; Turan, Bureinsky, Badzhalsky, Yam-Alin - at the peephole entrance; Yudomsky, Suntar-Khayata (with the highest point of the Berill mountain - 2933 m) - at the pivnochi. At the pivnіchny entry of the roztashovan of Yudomo-Maysk, the nagіr'ya.

The largest plain expanse is spread along the Amur's side, the Serednyoamurskaya plain is heavily swamped. The largest wide lowlands are also Nizhnyoamursk, Evoron-Tugursk - on the pivdni and in the central part and Okhotsk - on the pivnochi.

Land, water and repeat routes pass through the territory of the region, which connect the interior regions of Russia with Pacific ports, as well as the borders of the CIS and Western Europe with the powers of the Asia-Pacific region.

Crimea is the main, continental part, up to the edge of the warehouse, there are deyaki islands, the largest areas are Shantarsky. The total length of the coastline is about 2500 km, including the islands - 3390 km.
From the first time the region is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, from the first time – by the Sea of ​​Japan. The view of Sakhalin Island is crossed by the channels Tatarsky and Nevelsky.
The territory of the edge of the pivnich from 430 km from the Pivnichny polar stake.

Between:
At the pivnochi - from the Magadan Region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
On the p_denny entry - from the Jewish Autonomous Region.
On the way - from the Amur region.
On the pivdni - from the People's Republic of China and the Primorsky Territory.

climate.
The climate is calmly monsoon. Spring in the greater part of the territory begins on the cob birch and is characterized by great trivality and unstable temperatures. Summer is practical on the whole territory, for the wine of the coastal-sea plots, speck and water, to that in the lindens - on the cob of the serp in the pivdenni regions of the edge, tropical oats penetrate, which are characterized by a high water content. On the ear of autumn, the weather is warm and dry. Winters are characterized by sleepy, little-snow weather with severe frosts, which is often accompanied by winds. On the coast, the frost is weaker.

Climatic minds change every hour, change from night to day and lie down in proximity to the sea, shaping the character of the relief. Qi change even more significant.
The average temperature of the day fluctuates in the continental regions from -22 degrees in the rainy days, up to -40 degrees in the beer nights. On the coast - from -18 degrees to -24 degrees. The absolute minimum temperature on the pivdni edge is within reach of -50 degrees Celsius. The average temperature of the lime on pivdni is +20 degrees Celsius, on pivnoch - +15 degrees Celsius.
The growing season (with temperatures of 5 degrees C and higher) is 170 - 177 days in pivdennih areas, up to 130 days - in pivnochi.

Rich sum fall off 400-600 mm in the mountains, up to 600-800 mm on the plains and similar slopes of the ridges and over 1000 mm near the mountains. On the pіvdnі edge up to 90% of the fall falls from autumn to yellow, especially rich in linden and sickle.
On pіvnochі wider bagataria frozen breeds.

Water resources.
The region is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan.
There are about 210 thousand rivers near the Khabarovsk Territory, with a deep valley of about 584 thousand. km. Close to half of the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is drained by the tributaries of the Amur - one of the largest rivers in Russia. Yogo galna dozhina - 4440 km, including over 1500 km on the territory of the region. Vіn carry the majestic mass of water over the edge, meandering lower for the place Mykolaivska-on-Amur in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk in the middle river 346 cubic meters. km.

The largest tributaries of the Amur at the borders of the Khabarovsk Territory are Ussuri, Bureya, Amgun, Bikin, Goryun, Anyui, Tunguska. The majestic territory on the pіvnochі edge can be seen to the pool of the Lena river (Travnya river, Uchur and others)
Also, on the territory of the river, the basin of the Sea of ​​Japan - Kopp and Tumnin and the basin of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bOkhotsk - Tugur, Uda, Ullya, Urak, Okhota, Inya. The small rivers of the Amur river are gorging themselves on the monsoon woods; at the rivers that flow into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the snow is eating and the floods fall in the spring period.

There are over 58 thousand lakes in the region. One can see lakes, roztashovani in the basins of the Amur: Bologna, Chukchagirsk, Khummі, Veliky Kіzi, Udil, Orel, Chlya, Euron.

Roslinny world.
Khabarovsk Territory has a strong natural forest potential. The area of ​​the forest fund of the region for tribute as of 01.01.2009. stores 73.7 million hectares (93.6% of the territory), from which 57.9 million hectares fall on forest land (78.6% of the forest fund), of which 51.3 million hectares are covered by forest land ( 69.5%.

The foxes are especially diverse behind the warehouse and include representatives of the distant (Amur), Okhotsk-Kamchatka and Siberian floristic regions. In a rozrahunka of 1 hectare covered with forest area, the reserves vary from 40-70 cubic meters. meters in light-coniferous forests of the Okhotsk uzberezhzhya (pivnich edge) to 150-160 in cedar-broad-leaved forests in pivdni. Perevazhnimi Je hvoynі lіsi, SSMSC zaymayut Hope 84% ploschі, pokritoї mainly lіsoutvoryuyuchimi species i Hope 88% od zagalnogo їh stock: at pіvnochі, pіvnіchnomu zahodі that skhodі svіtlohvoynі of daurskoї modrini (parent rock) i temnohvoynі of perevazhannyam bіloruskoї (Pivdenna Chastina Ohotskogo uzberezhzhya , lower reaches of the Amur, Sikhote-Alin, basins of the rivers Amguni, Burey, May). On the middle edge and on the Middle Amur lowland - zmishani cedar-broad-leaved foxes (Korean cedar, Manchurian yang, maple, ilm, Mongolian oak, Manchurian mountain, Amur oxamite, sprat species of birch, linden and other.). Foxes grow once
Individually vidi liana (Amur grapes, lemongrass, actinidia). At the edge of rich sedge-reed grass meadows, floodplains and dry dolphins. At the upper part of the mountain - tundra with cedar bushes.

Creature world.
The creature's world is characterized by elements of the fauna of forest and forest regions. In the zone of coniferous forests, hoards (moose, deer, wild boar, roe deer, musk deer), hutryans (sobіl, weasels, fox, squirrel, muskrat, vidra, brown vedmіd, wovk ta іn.), grizuni (squirrel, chipmunk іn.) , at the last pivnoch - pivnichny deer, ermine, wolverine. Rice, the black (Himalayan) witch and the Ussuri tiger are growing near the forests, the American mink has successfully acclimatized. In the wild forests there are deer, roe deer, a similar Asian wild boar, a Manchurian hare and an inn.

Wide birds: black grouse, Ussuriysky pheasant, Indian zozulya, blue flycatcher, stone and blue-gray thrush and іn; rich waterfowl.
There are over 100 species of ribs near the rivers and lakes, including sturgeons: Amur pike, grass carp, sturgeon, chebak, crucian carp, grayling, catfish, taimen, lion, lyasch, carp, mint and yn. Near the coastal waters - quiet, flounder, smelt, halibut, cod, pollock, navaga, mackerel; from the past - chum salmon, pink salmon; from sea creatures - seal, sea lion, white whale.

Korisnі kopalini.
On the territory of the region, 360 deposits of gold were vowed; 23.6% share in the production of gold in the Far East region and 8.6% of the foreign Russian share. For a vidobutka of gold, the region sits in a place near the Russian Federation, for a vidobutka of platinum - a friend.
Є lay down the stone and brown vugill. At the edge, the Adnikanskoye genera in the carbohydrate syrovine was revealed in the boundaries of the Verkhnoburinsky depression.

The previous estimate of oil and gas resources is 500 million tons. Here are the great tin-mining regions. Exploitation and exploitation of genera of thermal and drinking mineral waters.

Zagalna characteristic of the Khabarovsk Territory

This subject of the Russian Federation is located near the pivdenno-skhidniy part of the Far Skhod. The area of ​​the edge to become 787.6 yew. sq. km. The edge is to enter the warehouse of the Dalekoshidny Federal District.

At the border crossing between the Khabarovsk Territory and the Primorsky Territory, at the border crossing, pass the cordon from the Jewish Autonomous Region, pass the border cordon from the Amur Region, at the border crossing from the Republic of Sakha and at the border crossing from the Magadan Region.

The Khabarovsk Territory is washed by the waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan. View of the island of Sakhalin through the cremations of the Tatar and Nevelsk canals. Part of the pivdenno-zahіdny cordon is located in China.

To the edge lie a sprinkling of islands, the largest of which is the Shantar Islands. This is an archipelago, near the warehouse of which there are 15 mountainous islands of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Islands for 8 months on the river covered with ice, and in 2013 the rock was stunned by the national park.

As of September 1, 2016, 1.3 million people lived in the region. The center of the region is Khabarovsk. The territory of the subject is stretched from midnight to midday to the cordon from China for 1800 km, and from the approach to the Pacific coast from 125 to 750 km.

Ready robots on a similar topic

• Course work 430 rubles.
• abstract Natural Mind of the Khabarovsk Territory 260 rub.
• Control robot Natural Mind of the Khabarovsk Territory 230 rub.

The Khabarovsk Territory is divided into the 8th time zone, which means that the difference in Moscow will be +7 years. Settled Khabarovsk Territory 20 Zhovtnya 1938

Respect 1

Zasnuvannya that development of Khabarovsk itself was tied to the names of G.I. Nevelsky, who was the first to designate the place for the place. Vіn vvazhav, that the future place will become the key to the Far Descent.

At 1858 p. here the military post of Khabarovka was created. So, for the orders of N.M. Muravyov-Amursky Boulo was named after Y. Khabarova, who founded the first settlement of Russian people on the Amur for 200 years. The largest name of the Khabarovsk settlement was taken away in 1893.

Naturally wash the edge

Khabarovsk Territory of rotting in the monsoon climate zone, for which cold winter that vologa spekotne leto.

The relief of the moon and the close proximity to the sea may have a significant influx on the edge of the climate. On the peninsula of the continental part of the edge, for example, the average temperature is -40 degrees, and in the air -22 degrees. On a similar sea coast, the temperature varies from -24 to -18 degrees. The average temperature of the linden is 15 degrees on the pivnochs, up to 20 on the pivdnis.

Summer of speculation for the wine of the sea coast. At the linden, on the cob of the sickle, at the border, the waters of the tropical patches droop, so that woods pass through the pristine regions.

Near the pіvnіchnyh areas, the bagatorіchnomerzlі breeds are expanding. The relief is dominated by mountain forms with a height of 500 to 2500 m-code and occupy 70% of the territory. Among them there are yak ridges

• Dzhugdzhur,
• badjal,
• Sikhote-Alin,
• Khingan.

There are small volcanoes in the Amur valley, and others on the islands of Great Ussuriysky and Yadasen.

Note 2

The region is located near the 6-point seismic zone. The Іmovirnіst of earthworks is the most characteristic for the prіvnіchnyh districts.

The equal forms have become the valleys of the Amur, Tugur, Udi, Amgun. The largest is the Middle Amur River, before that it is very swampy. There is the Evoron-Tugur lowland and the Okhotsk lowland.

Territory bear their own waters over 120 yew. great and small rivers. Most of them lie in the Amur basin, which lie down to one who found the edge of the river.

The largest tributaries of the Amur

• Bureya,
• Tunguska,
• Gorin,
• Amgun,
• Ussuri,
• Anyui,

The rivers are more important to cook for a meal. Tali spring water great significance don't toil. Near the edge there are about 55 yew. lakes.

Different climatic minds have taken the oath different soils– from bagatoric-frozen soils on pivnochs to brown taiga on pivdni. Like for the entire Far Descent, for the Khabarovsk Territory, the contrast and stringiness of the dewy curve is characteristic.

Here, the representatives of the rіznіkhs gather for their trips and the storehouse of the growing worlds.

The region grows near the zone of coniferous forests and the zone of mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests. Mezhі zones pass in parallel to straight ridges. Forests occupy 50 million hectares with great abundance of coniferous species. On the edge of the forest step by step they become relatives.

The light-coniferous forests of the pivnichnoy and the pivnіchno-zahіdnoy part of the edge represent the modrina of the Daurian and the modrina of the Okhotsk. Postupovo to them domіshuєtsya yalina and deyaki see birches.

On the afternoon, in the bagatoric permafrost and in the lower current of the Amur, the dark coniferous yalice-yalice taiga begins.

The Middle Amur River is occupied by dense coniferous-broad-leaved forests. Broad-leaved breeds here are represented more importantly by Mongolian oak. Lemongrass and wild black Amur grapes wrap around trees and chagarniki.

In the forests of the region grow unique medicinal plants of ginseng, eleutherococcus, magnolia vine, aralia and others. Unique and different creature's world foxes, in some bags, deer, ermine, wolverine. Here you can see rice, the Himalayan bear, the Ussuri tiger. Raznomanіtny and khutrovy svіt - sable, mink, squirrel, Siberian weasel, muskrat - these are the main objects of the hutrovy trade. Near rivers and lakes there are over 100 species of fish, including sturgeon and salmon.

Injecting the climate of Khabarovsk into healthy people

Climatic minds of Khabarovsk are most often called unique - Siberian frosts from the sleepy days and the wind that everyone knows.

Summer, similar to v'etnamsk - speculation and vologa. Roztashovane on a small height of the place from one side is honed by the giant Amur flood, and from the other side of the yogo, the majestic swamps are cleared away, where the constant processes of laying out the organisms go through the stretch of speckled light.

Such a unique climate is unlikely to be known here. One of the factors influencing healthy people is sleepy radiation.

Index є vіdshennya chastity 90-fold to the total number of 60-fold. In Russia, the index of class is 9.16%. On the Far Skhodі vіn appeared the lowest - 5.20%, for the Khabarovsk Territory itself - 4.93%.

Іstotnoy characteristic of the climate є vmіst in the field of water vapor. From the point of view of physiology, the norm is taken into account in the vіdnosna vіdnoі vіtrya vіd vіd 40 to 60%.

The Khabarovsk Territory is located in the region of a humid climate, the average moisture content is 72-78%.

On the linden of the month falls, the naives are absolutely watery, which is due to the presence of maritime weathered masses, which are brought large number falling off The main part of the fall falls in the summer, as it falls at the sight of the evil planks of great intensity.

Summer after the flooring of the Vologda, what clothes for nothing will get into. Moisture is again pouring into the body of a person at once from other meteorological officials, suffocating them. Cym factor є temperature repeat. At the same and the same temperature in the water, it is warmer again for dry.

For similar minds, a person will become stronger in kintsivkah, worse mood, quicker heartbeat.

Another indicator of the climate is the appearance of so-called suffocating weather in the summer period, which are formed due to high humidity and high temperatures again. The chervni and their peak reach the third decade of the linden.

Note 3

In this way, frequent changes in the weather during high humidity and high temperatures are assessed on the days of the Far Gathering as a pathological factor of the summer far-reaching monsoon.

Khabarovsk Territory- the subject of the Russian Federation, distributions to the Far Departure of Russia, to enter the warehouse of the Far Federal District.

Khabarovsk Territory lighting On July 20, 1938, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada for the sake of the SRSR, "About the division of the Faraway region into the Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions."

The edge of the loan territory with an area of ​​788,600 km² - the 4th city of the middle regions of the Russian Federation.

population of the region close to 1401.9 thousand osib (as of 01.01.2009).

capital- the city of Khabarovsk, population 578.6 thousand. osib (as of 01.01.2009).

Geographic location

Khabarovsk Territory of roztashovaniya near the northern part of the Russian Federation, near the far-flung federal district. On the border between the Magadan Region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), at the entrance to the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, as well as China, on the border between the Primorsky Territory, from the border of the spring it is immediately washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, from the sea of ​​Okhotsk. The view of Sakhalin Island is crossed by the channels Tatarsky and Nevelsky. Crimea is the main, continental part, to the edge of the warehouse there are a few islands, including the largest - Shantar. The total length of the coastline is about 2500 km, including the islands - 3390 km.

Main mountain ranges- Sikhote-Alin, Suntar-Khayata, Dzhugdzhur, Bureinsky, Dusse-Alin, Yam-Alin. Naivescha point- Mount Berill (2933 m), nainizhcha - the river of the sea.

The territory of the region extends from the pivnich day to 1,800 km, from the exit of the Skhid - to 125--750 km. The total area of ​​the territory of the region is 788,600 km², ie 4.5% of the territory of the region.

The main river is Amur. A lot of other lakes: Bolon, Chukchagirsk, B. Kizi. Climate: on pivdnі - subarctic monsoon, on pivnich - subarctic; On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory there are wide sod-podzolic, swampy and stormy soils. Roslinnist: coniferous-broad-leaved foxes with elements of the Manchurian flora (Ayan yalin, white bark yalytsya).

Abstract

The course work “Economic and geographical characteristics

Khabarovsk Territory ”I reviewed a comprehensive assessment

edge at all її raznomanittі and z raznyh storіn. Rozkryto ekonomiko-

geographic location of the region (USP visibility), economy is given

Assessment of Natural Minds and Resources (TSPR), reviewed

demographic situation and labor resources of the region (reinsurance coefficient

correlation), an assessment of the state (loan coeficient

specialization, a diagram of the energy-generating cycle has been drawn up) and

transport (characteristics of other types of transport, rozrahunok

density of transport routes) complexes in the region, analyzed

environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory

skin okremy place on the natural middle). The method of this work

є view of the Khabarovsk Territory as a structural unit of TOPS

kraїni, scho volodya natural resource, demographic and

government potential.

Sideways 52

Tables 11

Baby 6

Bibliographic dzherela 13

Introduction…………………………………………………………………..1

1. Economic and geographical situation of the Khabarovsk Territory……….7

2. Economic evaluation of natural minds and resources……….…11

3. Population and labor resources……………………………………..17

4. Gospodarsky complex of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..21

5. Transport complex of the Khabarovsk Territory………………………37

6. Ecological problems of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..42

Visnovok.

Bibliographic list.

Entry

Khabarovsk Territory roztashovuetsya Far away Russian Federation. At the Sunset and at the Pivnochi Khabarovsk Territory is between the subjects of the Russian Federation - the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, the Republic of Sakha and the Magadan Region. A similar cordon to the region to pass through the territory of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan, distributing the waters of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Sakhalin Region. On a pіvdny vіd krai roztashovanі Primorsky krai and PRC. The Khabarovsk Territory is included in the Far Economic Region.

The territory of the region occupies 4.6% of the area of ​​Russia. More than half of the area is occupied by flat mountains and mountains that reach up to 2500 m. The climate near the region is calm, monsoon, the average temperature of the inlet does not exceed +24 ° C in the southern part of the region and +15 ° C on the pivnochi, wintering - -23 about C on the pivdni and -40 about C, on the uzberezhzhі: -18 about C and -24 about Z obviously. The river fall fall becomes 400 - 600 mm at nightfall and 600 - 800 at nightfall, in the mountains this fall can reach 1000 mm for an hour.

The Khabarovsk Territory includes 17 administrative districts and two places of the regional order: Khabarovsk (with a total of 612 thousand inhabitants) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur (about 298.5 thousand persons). There are 7 towns, 27 settlements of the mіsk type and 186 rural administrations in the region. On the territory of the bag over 1571 yew. Meshkantsiv, about 81% of them are city dwellers.

Khabarovsk Krai Establish two of the most important factors, which designate the camp of the Khabarovsk Territory in the system of Russian regions. Nasampered is a special economic and geographical camp for the region.

Another chinnik is an exhausting resource potential. The Khabarovsk Territory lies up to the rich regions of Russia. Tse gives the opportunity to occupy an important place in the economy of the country from low positions.

Through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, land, water and repeat routes pass through, which get the inner regions of Russia with Pacific ports, and the edges of the CIS and Western Europe with the powers of the Asia-Pacific region.

The method given is to look at the Khabarovsk Territory, as a structural unit of the TOPS region, which Volodya has a natural resource, demographic and state potential.

To the heads of the department, I have shown the current state of the natural, social and Galuze warehouse economy of the region.

1. Economic and geographical camp of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Khabarovsk Territory of distribution to the Far Skhod of the Russian Federation was 788.6 thousand km 2 (4.6% of the area of ​​Russia). Distance from the regional center metro station Khabarovsk to Moscow – 8533 km. The global population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average population is 2.2 people / km2 - one of the lowest among the regions of the Federation.

Khabarovsk is the main and largest city on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. Founded in 1858 as a military post of Khabarovka (named after the Russian explorer Y. P. Khabarov). From 1880 - the town of Khabarivka, the administrative center of the Primorsky region, from 1884 - the Amur Governor-General. In 1893 the place was renamed to Khabarovsk. In 1872, a river port was established in Khabarovsk. In 1873, the first post-pochatkov school was opened. At 1897 p. Khabarovsk z'ednany zalіznica z Vladivostok. For example, XIX century. near Khabarovsk there was a stone Orthodox cathedral, 3 Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, 11 schools, including a real one, a cadet corps, a technical school, a female gymnasium and other. Trade was conducted by craft. D_yali steam mill and k_lka tsegelnyh zavodіv. In 1891, a monument was erected to Count M. M. Muravyov-Amursky, the Governor-General of Skhidny Siberia (cherubed by Amur expeditions in 1850-55). In 1894, the Amur (Khabarovsk) branch of the Russian Geographical Association was created with a museum and a library. In 1902 p. in Khabarovsk, the military plant "Arsenal" (nine "Daldiesel") was founded. In 1908, the base of the Amur Flotilla was created. At the beginning of the XX century. Khabarovsk is the great shopping center of the Far Skhod. In 1916, there was a turn of inducements of the trans-shipment across the Amur, which connected the Khabarovsk transom with the Skhidniy Siberia. At the fall of the leaves 1922 Khabarovsk near the warehouse of the Far-Out Republic (FER) to the RRFSR. From 1926 - the center of Dalekoskhidny, from 1938 - the Khabarovsk Territory. 1940 flights by air across the station Volochaivka from Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The distribution of the population of the territory in the region is uneven: the most densely populated part is the pivdenny part (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least populated - pivnіchna (Ayano-Travneviy district - 0.03 people / km2).

78% of the population lives near towns and 22% - near rural areas. On the territory of the region, 7 districts were stashed, among the largest - Khabarovsk (612 thousand), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (315 thousand), Amursk (60 thousand), Mykolaivsk-on-Amur (37 thousand)

Representatives of about 100 nationalities linger at the edge: Russians (86%), Ukrainians (6.2%), Belarusians (1.1%), Tatars (1.0%), Jews (0.8%), Koreans (0, 5%) and others.

The number of the first-rate population, occupied by the forest complex, is 22.2 thousand. osib, or 4.6%.

In the economy of the region, industry plays a role (60% of the total regional product). The region has 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far Gathering and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main galleys are machine-building and metalworking, grub industry, woodworking, woodworking and pulp-and-paper industry, crafting of everyday materials.

Pitoma vaga production lіsovogo complex zagalnomu promyslovoї produktsії krai is estimated at 3%, which is similar to the indicator of the middle of other rich regions of Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of the used wood that is harvested at Dalekoe Skhod, 35% of lumber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboard, 65% of cardboard.

The main enterprises of the complex are located near the southern and central parts of the country and are heavy to the transshipment highways and the sea coast.

Over the last 10 years, the forest complex in the region has experienced a serious decline: the number of villages has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of lumber - by 11 times, and wooden boards - by 8 times. The structure of lumber processing in the region is characterized by a very low level of syrovin processing. Round business lіs (sawlog, veneer logs and balance sheets) may be direct for export. Tse to put the economy of the forest complex on the basis of fallow in the conditions of conjuncture in foreign markets, and Japan.

Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest regions in the Russian Federation. Yogo area to become 12.7 square meters - Dalekoshidny economic region. The territory of the region stretches from midnight to midday mayzha for 1800 kilometers and from the exit to the exit for 125 - 750 kilometers. Vіdstan vіd yogo center to moscow on the lіznica - 8533 km, on the other hand - 6075 km. The region is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk and the Japanese (Tatar channel) seas. The length of the coastline (including the islands, the largest of them

Shantarsky) - 3390 kilometers.

Khabarovsk Territory may have built cordonies with the usual administrative units of the Far Outgoing, at the last entrance, go up to them. At the entrance to the border with the Amur region, at the pivnіchny entrance from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), at the pіvnіchі - from the Magadan region, at the exit - from the Sakhalin region, in view of which the waters of the Tatarskaya protoka, the protoka of the Amos Primorsky Territory and on the pivdenny entrance - from the People's Republic of China. Cordon from China to pass the Ussuri river, the Kazakevichev channels, then the Amur. The length of the warehouse is hundreds of kilometers. The cordon of the Khabarovsk Territory may sail from the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, there are transport and economic links with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions. The economic-geographical camp of the Khabarovsk Territory is already its own. On the one hand, the largest water supply to the Center of Russia is the region, the links are even more difficult: the Trans-Siberian Highway is covered with a single land route, on the other side - the main route of Russia to the Pacific Ocean, to the Asian-Pacific, living region more than half of the population of the world. Mutual relations between the lands of this region are being strengthened at the same time, and Russia is unbearably left out of the way.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Area - 787.6 yew. sq. km

Way from Khabarovsk to Moscow: by air - 8533 km; repeat – 6075 km

Khabarovsk Territory includes 2 Moscow districts ta 17 municipal districts, on the territory of which there are 28 months and 186 rural settlements

Enter to the largest administrative-territorial offices of the Russian Federation beyond the borders, checkpoints near the central part of the Russian Far Gathering, stretching from pivnoch to pivden for 1800 km, from the entrance to the exit - exit 125 to 750 km. From the very beginning, the region is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk and the Japanese (Tatar channel) seas. The coastline is long over 2.5 thousand kilometers in the clearing of the bays and inflow. The Crimea of ​​the continental part to the warehouse of the Khabarovsk Territory includes a few islands, the largest of which are Shantar Islands.

The region has a joint cordon with the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Territory, Amur, Magadan, Jewish Autonomous Regions; the channels of the Nevelskoye and Tatarskoye rivers flow from the Sakhalin region, and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk – from the Kamchatka region. On the pivdenny entrance along Rivers Amur and Ussuripass the sovereign cordon from the People's Republic of China.

The main part of the territory is occupied numerical mountain ranges (Sikhote-Alin, Dzhugdzhur, Badzhal, Khingan and ing) and flat-tops with heights from 500 to 2500 m-code.

The climate is continental with well developed monsoon rices. Climatic minds change from hour to hour from night to day, lie down in proximity to the sea, shaping the character of the relief. Winter is trival, snow, suvor. The cold period of rock is about 6 months (from the end of the month to the end of the day). The average temperature of the day is -22 °C on the day and up to -40 °C on the night, on the coast -18 °C to -24 °C. Summer in the greater part of the territory is warm and warm. The average temperature of a lime tree on pivdnі is +20 °C, on pivnich is close to +15 °C. The sum of rivers falls from 400-600 mm on the pivnochi and up to 600-800 mm on the plains and similar slopes of the ridges. On the pіvdnі edge up to 90% of the fall falls from autumn to yellow, especially rich in linden and sickle.

Land of riches on forest, mineral, fish and other natural resources. To the Chervonoy Book of the Khabarovsk Territory, 167 species of roslin and mushrooms, 127 species of creatures were introduced. Among them are є rdkіsnі vidi, brought to the International Red Book.

The river border is available over 200 yew. great and small rivers and 55 thousand. lakes. All watercourses have a clearly pronounced mountainous character, with deep valleys and a stream of currents in the upper and middle parts. The largest rivers are Amur, Amgun, Tunguska, Bureya, Tumnin, Anyui; lakes - Chukchagirsk, Bolon, Udil, Oril, Velyka Kizi.In the rivers and lakes there are up to a hundred species of fish, including sturgeons. Rivers that flow into the Sea of ​​Japan and Okhotsk, go to spawn the passing salmon. At the Pivnіchny Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the main herd of the Pacific settler live. Navaga, flounder, pollock and other fish, molluscs, algae, as well as sea creatures, may have a promissory meaning.

The region is one of the largest forest regions in the Russian Federation. On pivnoch, the growth is represented mainly by elfin forms of foxes, lіsotundra and light forests. On the first day, the taiga types of tallness are progressively replaced by coniferous and cedar-broad-leaved forests.

For the animal and growing world, the region is characterized by a mixture of prairie and prairie species of flora and fauna.

For the conservation of natural landscapes and their destruction in the region of natural landscapes, which are especially protected. Among them are 6 state reserves (Bureinsky, Botchinsky, Bilshekhekhtsirsky, Bolonsky, Dzhugdzhursky and Komsomolsky) with an open area of ​​​​1.7 million hectares.

Among the brown copalins are the most important in economical and strategically important stone and storm vugillya, in carbohydrate syrovine, gold, platinum, tin, midi, budive materials, underground water.

Stan on 1 sichnya 2013. at the Statistical register of subjects of the state, over 42 thousand organizations were insured, їх filіy and іnshih vіdokremlіnіh pіdrozdіlіv. Most of them operate in the field of wholesale and retail trade (32%), 17% are occupied by operationswith an indestructible lane, a rent of those servants,12% - near everyday life.

Important warehouses of industrial production at the edge are a variety of brown copalins, which are used to process production, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. Rozvinenі ribalstvo and lіsove gospodarstvo.

The governments of the population, agricultural and municipal organizations and rural (farm) governments specialize in growing (fodder and grain crops, soybeans, potatoes, vegetables) and living creatures (milk and meat cattle breeding, poultry farming, farming).

Khabarovsk Territory occupies a key position in the single transport system of the Far Skhod. The length of the railing of the scorched coristuvannya is 2.1 yew. km. The basis of the її is formed by the yards of the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Mainlines, what will connect Europe and the central regions of Russia with the borders of the Asia-Pacific region (APR).Mіzh mainland merezhey zalіznit that about. Sakhalin di Poromna crossing Vanino - Kholmsk.

The length of the internal water ship-floating stakes, which are operated, becomes 2.8 yew. km. The largest river ports and roztashovani in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Along the waterways, the region can reach the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan. Great international maritime ports - Vanino, Radyansk Harbor and De-Kastri. At the Radyansk Harbor a port was created special economic zone, which transfers the molding of the international rich-profile port center, ship repair and ship-building center, the operation of container terminals, as well as the development of the processing of water and biological resources.

The Khabarovsk Territory is rebuffed by international transit corridors. Aerodromes of various classes are operated on the territory. The largest international airport on the Far Descent Khabarovsk ( new ) accepts inspections of vessels of all types.Undertakings of military air lines offer a wide range of aviation services.

Merezha avtomobіlnyh dorіg zoseredzhena importantly on pіvdnі Khabarovsk Krai. The length of the automobile routes of the hardened carousel will be 6.6 yew. km, їх 95% - roads from firm roads. The territory of the region is crossed by highways of federal significance: Khabarovsk - Vladivostok, Chita - Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk - Znahidka.

Between the Khabarovsk Territory and the Russian regions, spіvrobіtnієstvo pіvrobіtnієstvo practically in all spheres of activity: economy, education, culture, sports, tourism, health protection, social protection of the population, organized and held interregional, conference festivals, competitions.

Modern trade turnover of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2012 roci claves 3233.2 million US dollars, including exports - 2060,6 mln USD, import - 1172,6 million dollars The main trading countries are China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan.

On the cob of 2012/2013, 401 state and municipalzahalnosvitnya installation, 16 27 middle and 10 higher professional education institutions.The non-state initial sector is represented by 5lighting installations, 2 installations of middle and 5 installations of higher professional education.

In 2012, 91 physicians and 219 outpatient mortgagors provided health services in the region. In the system of health protection, 8.0 thousand rubles were spent. likariv and 14.5 ths. middle medical staff.

Culture in the region is represented by 5 professional theaters, a philharmonic society, a circus, 271 installations cultural-dose type, 19 museums, 258 globally accessible libraries.

Periodical press includes a wide range of publications, the oldest of them: regional newspapers "Priamurski Vіdomostі" and "Pacific Zirka", the literary magazine "Daleky Skhid". Rooted radio and television movement, the Internet.

Khabarovsk Territory of roztoshovaniya on the Far Skhodі Russian Federation on the territory of 788, 6 yew. km2 (4.6% of the area of ​​Russia). Distance from the regional center metro station Khabarovsk to Moscow – 8533 km. The total population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average population is 2.2 people / km2 - one of the lowest averages in the sub-continent of the Federation. Khabarovsk is the main and largest city on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. Founded in 1858 as a military post of Khabarovka (named after the Russian explorer Y. P. Khabarov). From 1880 - the town of Khabarivka, the administrative center of the Primorsky region, from 1884 - the Amur Governor-General. In 1893 the place was renamed to Khabarovsk. In 1872, a river port was established in Khabarovsk. In 1873, the first post-pochatkov school was opened. At 1897 p. Khabarovsk z'ednany zalіznica z Vladivostok. For example, XIX century. near Khabarovsk there was a stone Orthodox cathedral, 3 Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, 11 schools, including a real one, a cadet corps, a technical school, a female gymnasium and other. Trade was conducted by craft. D_yali steam mill and k_lka tsegelnyh zavodіv. In 1891, a monument was erected to Count N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, the Governor-General of Skhidny Siberia (he was cherubed by expeditions along the Amur in 1850-55). In 1894, the Amur (Khabarovsk) branch of the Russian Geographical Association was created with a museum and a library. In 1902, a military plant "Arsenal" (nine "Daldiesel") was founded near Khabarovsk. In 1908, the base of the Amur Flotilla was created. At the beginning of the XX century. Khabarovsk is the great shopping center of the Far Skhod. In 1916, there was a turn of inducements of the trans-shipment across the Amur, which connected the Khabarovsk transom with the Skhidniy Siberia. At the fall of the leaves 1922 Khabarovsk near the warehouse of the Far-Out Republic (FER) to the RRFSR. From 1926 - the center of Dalekoskhidny, from 1938 - the Khabarovsk Territory. 1940 flights by air across the station Volochaivka from Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The population on the territory was divided into a region of unevenness: the most densely populated part of the village (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least populated - pіvnіchna (Ayano-Maisky district - 0.03 people / km2). 78% of the population lives near towns and 22% - near rural areas. On the territory of the region, 7 districts have been rolled out, among the largest - Khabarovsk (612 thousand), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (315 thousand), Amursk (60 thousand), Mykolaivsk-on-Amur (37 thousand). close to 100 nationalities: Russians (86%), Ukrainians (6.2%), Belarusians (1.1%), Tatars (1.0%), Jews (0.8%), Koreans (0.5%) and others. The number of the practical population employed in the forest complex is 22.2 thousand. osib or 4.6%. In the economy of the region, industry plays a role (60% of the total regional product). The region has 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far Gathering and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main galleys are machine-building and metalworking, grub industry, woodworking, woodworking and pulp-and-paper industry, crafting of everyday materials. Pitoma vaga production lіsovogo complex zagalnomu promyslovoї produktsії krai is estimated at 3%, which is similar to the indicator of the middle of other rich regions of Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of the used wood that is harvested at Dalekoe Skhod, 35% of lumber, 63% of cellulose, 44% of chipboard, 65% of cardboard. The main enterprises of the complex are located near the southern and central parts of the country and are heavy to the transshipment highways and the sea coast. At the same hour, for the last 10 years, the forest complex of the region experienced a serious decline: the volume of the countryside has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of lumber - by 11 times, and wooden boards - by 8 times. The structure of lumber processing in the region is characterized by a very low level of syrovin processing. Round business lіs (sawlog, veneer logs and balance sheets) may be direct for export. Tse to put the economy of the forest complex on the basis of fallow in the conditions of conjuncture in foreign markets, and Japan. Khabarovsk Territory is one of the largest regions in the Russian Federation. Yogo area to become 12.7 square meters - Dalekoshidny economic region. The territory of the region stretches from midnight to midday mayzha for 1800 kilometers and from the exit to the exit for 125 - 750 kilometers. Vіdstan vіd yogo center to moscow on the lіznica - 8533 km, on the other hand - 6075 km. The region is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk and the Japanese (Tatar channel) seas. The length of the coastline (including the islands, the largest of the Shantarsky ones) is 3390 kilometers.

On the shores of the Tatar channel, one can see handy for arranging ports in the water area - the Chikhachov Stream, Vanino Bay, and especially - a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected, and great bays that satisfy the inlet of Radyansk Gavan. The flow, as well as the dry bay of Vanino, are accessible to ships during the winter period. The region is characterized by a well-spread merezha. The greater part of the river reaches the Pacific Ocean basin (the rivers of the Amur basin), the smaller part - to the basin of the Ice-Cold Ocean (the rivers of the Lensky basin). The territory of the krai is located on the peninsula at a distance of 430 km from the Pivnichny polar stake, and the pivdenniy krai is located on a parallel line, which passes on the peninsula from the island of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and trochi on the pivnichny from Rostov-on-Don.

Khabarovsk Territory may have built cordonies with the usual administrative units of the Far Outgoing, at the last entrance, go up to them. At the entry point between the Amur Region, at the entry point between the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), at the entry point - from the Magadan Region, at the exit - from the Sakhalin Region, the waters of the Tatarskaya Canal, the Amur River, and the Nevelsky Tau Primorsky Territory and on the pivdenny entrance - from the People's Republic of China. Cordon from China to pass the Ussuri river, the Kazakevichev channels, then the Amur. The length of the warehouse is hundreds of kilometers. The cordon of the Khabarovsk Territory may sail from the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, there are transport and economic links with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions. The economic-geographical camp of the Khabarovsk Territory is already its own. On the one hand, the largest water supply to the Center of Russia is the region, the links are even more difficult: the Trans-Siberian Highway is covered with a single land route, on the other side - the main route of Russia to the Pacific Ocean, to the Asian-Pacific, living region more than half of the population of the world. Mutual relations between the lands of this region are being strengthened at the same time, and Russia is unbearably left out of the way.

Altai Territory (near the current borders of 1991) roztashovaniya on pіvdennym skhodі Western Siberia mizh 51-54 ° Mon. sh. that 78-87 ° art. e. At the entrance to the piedmont territory between the Skhidno-Kazakhstan, Semipalatinsk and Pavlodar regions of Kazakhstan, at the pivot and pivot gathering - from the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions of Russia, at the pivine entrance - from the Republic of Altai (map). Area 167.85 yew. km2; On the territory, 60 administrative districts and 11 districts have been planted. Center - m. Barnaul. The population of the edge of the camp on September 1, 1993. - 2682 yew. man.

The territory of the region extends up to two physical and geographical regions - the Zahidno-Siberian region and the Altai-Sayan mountains. The mountainous part of the okhoplyuє rіvnina zі skhіdnoї і pіvdennoї storіn. The transitional camp between the Zakhidno-Siberian plain and the mountains of Altai, the heterogeneity of the geological and geomorphological life and the particularity of the orography zoomed in on the climate and diversity of natural minds and landscapes in the region - in the dry subhorizontal meadows near Kulundicho.

The flat part of the region is characterized by the development of steppe and forest-steppe natural zones (Table 1). The stench is spread in the provinces: Kulundinsk, Pvdenno-Prialeiska, Predaltaisk - near the steppes and Verkhnyo-Obsk and Predsalairska - near the forest-steppe regions.

Atmospheric volatility of the flat part increases from the sunset of the Skhid, cumulative stepwise change in the direct landscape zones and subzones. Remain at the link with the peculiarities of the orography and climatic minds, spreading submeridionally to the riverhead in the direction of the latitudinal on the reshti of the Zahidno-Sibirskaya rivnina.

The most important part of the territory is occupied by the dry steppe pidzone of the Kulunda province of the steppe zonal region. There is a flat-concave lacustrine and lacustrine-aluvial plain with fescue-kovilovy steppes on chestnut soils and solonetz-saline dew aggregations on solonchaks. The disappearance of the Kulunda-Kuchutsk group of lakes is wide natural complexes of arid steppe subzones with fescue-fescue and herb-fescue-kovil steppes on pivdennih chernozems.

Between the Kulunda plain and the valley of the Ob river, the great Prіobsk plateau, in the middle and western parts of which the Pivdenno-Prialeiska steppe province is located. At the її boundary at a straight line from the approach to the exit, three subzones change: dry steppe, dry steppe, and peacefully dry steppe. The dry steppe subzone is characterized by fescue-kovil dry steppes with a wide variety of dewy growths. On the sands of the deltas of the ancient runoff, large areas are occupied by pine forests, which are cool with strong steppe. Near the lakes, rotting at the bottoms of the old runoff, widened complexes of solonetz-saline onions and solonetz steppe.

In the dry-steppe subzones on the pivdenny chernozems, the steppe is full of herbaceous-fescue-kovylov steppes. On the terraces of the pits of the ancient drain, there were aspen-birch pegs and pine strechkovy forests. Kіlkіst lisіv zrostає z pіvdennogo zakhod іnіtіnіchniy skhіd. Near the lakes, near the pinnacle lowlands, there are widened solonetz-salt marsh onions, near solonetsous ones.

At the borders of the peacefully arid steppe subzones, the surface areas are occupied by herbaceous-fescue-feather grass steppes on the natural black soils. Sometimes there are birch chops. On the pivnіchnih skhila of the beams, the stench stinks at the bottom with herb-grass onions. On the slopes of the beams there are wider polyn-tipchak steppes. At the flood of Aloi, a large area is occupied by graded onions near the bottom of solonetz steppes and solonetz-saline onions.

The landscapes in front of Altai form the Pre-Altai province of the steppe zonal region. In the basis of the structure - steppe, meadow-steppe and forest-steppe humpbacked-oval midrange, predominantly rose-colored. Behind them, the vineyards of the chagarnikovy steppes of the dribnosopochnik grow up, which vicorist like a shepherd.

Climatic minds of the provinces are characterized by an increase in the number of volatility near the bik mountains and an increase in the air before entering the pivnichny exit. Therefore, in the forest-western regions of the frontier, there are peacefully dry steppe landscapes, and in the forest-semi-shidny regions, there are peacefully watery meadow-steppe landscapes.

Pivnіchno-skhіdnu part of the Priobsky plateau is occupied by the pіvdenno-lіsostepova pіzon of the Verkhnyo-Obsk province. The basis of the structure is a weakly dissected forest plateau with meadow steppes on chernozems of the highest and thickets, with grassy birch groves and ravine forests on dark gray soils.

Svoєridnym natural complexes of forest-steppe Priob'ya є strіchkovі bori. The stench is consecrated to the pits of the ancient runoff, which rises the plateau from the pivnichny at once to the pivdenny sunset. Lies hang from the tovshey aluvial peaks, yak poddeku form the dune-ridge relief. Pig landscapes bear traces of relics (soddy-podzolic soils, broad-leaved fox grasses, inclusions of moss bogs with peat bogs) and will require serious protection.

The broad valley of the Ob extends to the middle forest-steppe subzone of the Upper Ob province. Here panuyut landscapes of high ancient terraces, aggravated by valley-beam systems and numerous surplus depressions. On the soddy-pidzolic forests and suprising soils of the right bank of the Ob, there are widened pine foxes (cowberry, grassy, ​​and more white). Degraded birch foxes, which are drawn with rich herb-grass degraded bows.

Spіymannya Obіvnya low swamp-meadow, near the parish part of the chagar forests of verbaloses and willow-poplar forests. On low terraces, especially in the left-bank part, there are wide solonetz-salt marsh, marsh-salt marsh, and graded bows, outlines and sedge bogs, solonets steppes.

A similar part of the Upper-Obsk province is represented by the Biysko-Chumisk highlands, which, due to bioclimatic features, can be seen up to the pidzon of the prairie forest-steppe. The basis of the structure is to be formed by landscapes of dissected humpbacked-oval forest plateaus with grass-herbaceous meadow steppes on silted chernozems and birch grasses on dark gray fox soils.

The landscapes of the frontiers of Salair become Predsalair province, the subzone of the pivnichny forest-steppe. In the pine part of the її wide-width nabula "underground" aspen-birch tall grass foxes on gray and dark gray fox soils. On the day of їх change forest-steppe frontiers with panuvannya kolіsny birch lisіv. For the growth of Salahirsky predgir'їv a characteristic development of dry-headed and spring onions, which are highly productive.

Rivninnu part of the land is well mastered in a strong and supportive way. May all the steppe massifs have long been opened up and represent the most important land fund. Here cultural aboriginals are transported, crossed by zahisnimi lіsomugs, and birch chops. Pomіtna degradation of the steppe and ray herbage under the influx of thinness and other anthropogenic factors.

Pivdenna and pіvnіchno-shіdna mountain periphery of the Altai Territory extends to Pivnіchno-Zakhіdnoy Altai, Pivnіchno-Altaiskaya and Pіvnіchno-Skhіdnoi Altai province of Altai region. The basis of the Pivnichno-Zakhidnoy province is made up of pivnichny winds of the ridges of Tigiretsky, Korgonsky, Koksuysky and Bashchelaksky, which stretch in parallel with the pivnichny entry to the pivdenny slope. The average heights of the ridges reach 1600-2000 m, the maximum - 2299 m on the pivnochi of the Koksuysky ridge and 2421 m - on the Bashchelatsky ridge. The mountain ridges are like a bar on the way of the watery slopes that come from the sunset. In the low mountains there are widely spread meadow steppes and forest-steppes, which are replaced by black high-grass forests. In areas of intensive development, birch-aspen, yaw-aspen foxes prevail.

On the steep slopes of the middle mountain, there is a dark coniferous taiga, which goes to the heights of 1700-1800 m near the subalpine rivers. Alpine-, subalpine-meadows and tundra landscapes are widened on the upper rivers of the middle mountains.

Pivnіchno-Altai province - tse pivnіchnі parts of the ridges of Anuysky, Cherginsky, Seminsky. The stench spread submeridionally and separated by the left tributaries of the Ob - Anuyem, Pishchanoy, Kam'yanka. Heights progressively increase from night to day from 400-500 to 1000-1500 m. The ridges are characterized by a low degree of dissection. On the mountain-fox dark-gray soils of the pivnіch skhilіv, the growth of modrin, birch-mlinovі foxes of the park type. Meadow steppes and steppe bows, which are valuable sons, are changing on the spring slopes.

Pivnichno-Skhidna Altai province is represented by a pivnichno-western part of the region. In the main, low-elevation (abs. width. 700-800 m) with black high-grass forests. In the valleys of the rivers they change the yalin-birch forest and boggy chagarnik bows. The significant development of the territory by the state has led to the improvement of the area of ​​secondary birch-aspen tall grass forests.

At the edge of the Salairsky Ridge, it establishes the same-name province of the Salahirsko-Kuznetsk-Alatausky mountain region. The absolute height of the ridge is 300-500 m, the erosive dissection is weak, the fluff is wider and the slope is wider. At the borders of the edge of the Salairsky ridge of ideas is a zakhіdny macroschile. In connection with small absolute heights, the vertical explanation is weakly expressed. Roslinny pokryv dosit odnomanіtny - mayzhe everywhere panuє aspen-yalitsev (black) taiga with clear high grasses. Under the canopy, their own soddy-deep-coopidzolsnі gіrnicho-fox soils were formed.

In the wake of the thriving primordial taiga forests of Salair, in a number of districts, the secondary high-grass aspen forests prevail. Vododіlnі lіsostepovі and luchnі vіlyanki rozoranі. Modern anthropogenic modification of the natural complexes of Salair - fox-meadow-polyova.