Beat on the kushtsi. The Russians fought on Kushtsya with the Anglo-Afghan army Fight on Kushtsya

18.3.1885 (31.3). – The Russians fought against the Anglo-Afghan army in Kushtsia.

At the final stage, Russia reached the natural borders of Pivdni. The cordon with Iran was established on the Kopetdag mountains, and on the basis of the Turkmen lands (the modern part of modern Turkmenistan), the Russian Transcaspian region was established. The fierce one was born in 1884. Before her, as a result of negotiations with local residents, another Merv Oasis near British-controlled Afghanistan was acquired. At the beginning of this day, the Merts sent their deputation to the Russian command with complaints about their acceptance of Russian citizenship:

“To the Glorified Great Tsar, the High Ruler of the Russian and other peoples. Let him not be deprived of his prosperity, let him not be deprived of his mercy and favor, may the blessings of Allah be upon him.

Mi, Khan, the elders and the most important of all clans and colonies of Mervsky people, having gathered today (1 June 1884) at the Gengesh and having listened to the headquarters captain Alikhanov sent before us, unanimously praised the voluntary acceptance of the Russian citizenship. Recognizing that our people and our land are subject to the power of Your hand, Great King, we present before Your throne the request to compare us with all the peoples under Your rule, to recognize rulers over us and to establish order among us, for what purpose is Yours We are ordered, we are ready to set the required number selected cinema dealers.

To carry out this resolution of the people’s representatives, we have appointed 4 khans and 24 elders, each containing two thousand tents.”

(Battle on Kushtsia 18 February 1885 and territorial additions to the reign of Emperor Alexander III // Russian Starovina, No. 3. 1910)

To confirm their generosity, a deputation of the special khans of the Tekin family and the honorable Merv elders arrived in Ashgabat, where, with the High Permissions, they swore allegiance to His Imperial Majesty the Sovereign. The Turkmens were satisfied, as they were not limited by too many rights, and Russian intercession relieved them of constant conflicts with the Afghans.

England was afraid of Russia's further penetration into India and tried to make peace with the borderline population against the Russians. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs was afraid of war with England and relied on the Russian military command, including peaceful disputes about the cordon, due to the harsh defense of the frontiers of the military. However, during the negotiations, England insisted that Russia give Afghanistan the oasis of Penjd and other Turkmen territories. The Russians were relieved, declaring that the Turkmen lands did not belong to Afghanistan, but instead were in conflict with the neighboring Afghan tribes. Invariably, the British soldiers induced the Afghan emir to march against the Russians, who promised to help them, and in fact handed over an artillery battery to the Afghans. The English officers abandoned the Afghan army as they abandoned the Panjdeh oasis, which lay before Merv.

Head of the Transcaspian region, General A.V. Mosquitoes want them to deprive Russian territory, and if they ignored their efforts, by ordering the Russian troops on the 18th to rush into the territory buried by the Afghans, without starting fire without a command. Having beaten the Russians, the Afghans were the first to start the towel fire for them. The same order was given to the Russian troops to open the fire near the fire (in this way the power of the St. Petersburg MZS was completed).

At this battle on the Kushtsa River, the Afghans attacked by driving 4 thousand people (2.5 thousand cavalry and 1.5 thousand infantry), the Russians had 1840 warriors (both infantry battalions, Cossacks and ytsi Turkmen militia). All the Afghans were very well equipped with old towels, just as the Russians were smaller than the current guints. The Afghan military has been suffering from enormous expenses: up to a thousand times. The Russian army lost 9 people killed and 22 wounded, 23 were shell-shocked. As a trophy, the Russians got the British artillery. From the Anglo-Afghan fire, Russian soldiers fired the 6th quarter fireworks.

The Russians did not re-examine the Afghans from their territory. The Russian command sent a message to the Afghan authorities to form a border with their Turkmen territories and not to overtighten the cordon, since only the Afghans themselves would not attack again. The wounded Afghans were given medical care, the prisoners were allowed to go home, and they were given provisions for the road. The British were assigned a convoy to ensure their safety in the doze. In Europe, in connection with this battle, a message was raised about the beginning of a new war between Russia and England, but the Russian MZS was far away, and nothing had happened, there was nothing more than a rubbish essence.

Pouch Victory of the Russian Empire Opponents Emirate of Afghanistan Russian Empire Commanders Abdur-Rahman General Oleksandr Komarov

Biy on Kushtsia- a battle that happened on the 18th of February 1885 after the Russian army conquered Afghan territory on the day from the Amudar River and the Merv Oasis, near the village of Penjdeh. The confrontation between Russian and British interests in Central Asia was rocky, in fact, in the guise of a cold war called the “Great Game”, and the battle for Kushka resulted in a confrontation between a large-scale military conflict ktu.

Prehistory

General Komarov, being the head of the entire Transcaspian region (near Turkmenistan), showed respect for Merv as “a nest of robbery and ruin that affected the development of not all of Central Asia.” For example, 1883 r. Having sent there the headquarters captain Alikhanov and the Tekin, Major Mahmut-Kuli Khan, with the proposal of the Merts, to accept Russian citizenship. 25 Sep 1884 r. A deputation of Mers arrived in Askhabad and presented Komarov with a request from the Emperor to accept Merv into Russian citizenship and took the oath.

After the annexation of Merv, there was a need to establish cordons between the new Russian province and. Great Britain, defending its imperial interests, sent its delimitation commission to the military pen for its protection. Russia has also sent its commission and also from the military corral under the command of General Komarov. In the course of the list of the recognition of the Anglo-Russian border commission, Russia sent a cry to Afghanistan's demands for the Panjshekh oasis, firmly insisting that the oasis should be placed on Russia's part, since Volodya Merv is over there. ohm

The remains of Afghanistan were under the protectorate of the British Empire, the Viceroy of India (Lord Dufferin) made a great noise, fearing the preparation of a Russian invasion of India. He squeezed out the Afghan Emir, so that he could create a stronghold against the Russians. Afghanistan sent troops to Panjshekh to strengthen his defense. When Komarov found out about this, he became angry. Komarov declared that the oasis belonged to Russia and ordered the Afghan corrals to leave. The Afghan commander was surprised. Komarov immediately rushed to the special British commander in charge of Afghanistan, General Lemsden, demanding that he order the Afghan corrals to get out. Lemsden was inspired to work.

Shut up

It is important not to allow Panjshekh to slip from his hands, and Komarov to change tactics. On March 13, 1885, under the pressure of Britain, the Russian army swore an oath to ensure that the Russian troops would not attack Panjshekh as the Afghans retreated from military operations. Three days later, the Minister of Abroad, Mikola Girs, repeated and added that the same request was given for the Tsar’s continued praise.

The Afghan troops concentrated at the entrance to the birch of the Kushka River, and the Russians - at the exit. Unrespectful of the repeated treatment of the Russian order, Komarov’s troops gradually retreated to Panjshekh. Until December 12, 1885, the stench was at a distance of less than a mile from the inhabitants. Komarov now presented the commanders of the Afghan troops with an ultimatum: either withdraw the troops in five days, or the Russians themselves will see them.

18 Berezny 1885 fate, when the term of the ultimatum of General Komarov passed, and the Afghans did not give the necessary sign of exit, ordering their units to go on the offensive, lest the first ones start the fire. As a result, the Afghans started the fire first, wounding the horse of one of the Cossacks. After which the Russian troops were given the order to open the fire with the Afghan cinema, which was located in the line of sight. The film did not show the burning flame and ran away without a hitch. The Afghan infantry fought well. In the early days, the enemy was pushing for the place of Pul-i-Khishti, having recognized the odds of approximately 600 people. The spending of Komarov's army resulted in more than 40 people being killed and injured.

Heritage

This international incident was actively discussed in the European press and, as they thought at that time, put Russia on the brink of war with Great Britain. Emir Abdur-Rahman, who at that time was in conflict with Lord Dufferin in Rawalpindi, tried to hush up what had happened, as if he were completely unreasonable. Lord Ripon, a leading member of Gladstone's cabinet of ministers, insisted that whatever action the British would take would like a covert Russian intervention in Afghanistan. The end of the war was a major concern for diplomats who, among the Tsar's representatives, insisted on their plans to respect the territorial integrity of Afghanistan in the future.

To regulate the incident, a Russian-English border commission was founded, which determined the current border cordon for Afghanistan. Representatives of the emir did not take their fate from the robot. The actions of the royal representatives were minimal. Russia saved the Komarovs' doubling of the land, so the place of Kushka was founded. It was the most populated area of both the Russian Empire and the USSR. The historical significance of the battle on Kushtsa lay in the fact that it was between the expansion of Tsarist Russia and Turkmenistan.

Posilannya

Mikhailo Gorny. March on the Afghans and battle on Kushtsi (1885). Good luck to the great private Andriy Bolandlin.

Diplomacy of the great powers in 1871-1913
Great powers
Negotiate please
Creasy and conflicts
Viyskovi conflicts
Diplomacy and politicians

Categories:

Battles for the alphabet
Podii 18 bereznya
Berezen 1885 rock
1885 in Afghanistan
Fights of Russia
History of Turkmenistan
Conflicts 1885 rock
International incidents

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Wikipedia

General Oleksandr Vissarovich Komarov Oleksandr Vissarovich Komarov (1823-1904) Rosiysky general, a participant in the Kavkazko Viyni, the Turkestani gait was born in 1823, walking around the nobles of the Vitsychsky provincial, Sin of Sava. Komarova, … … Wikipedia

After that, as at Birch 1885 r. The Russian troops entered into a dead-end battle with the Afghan troops near Penjd, the English army wanted so that when Russia was demarcated, it would give Afghanistan its treasures... ... Wikipedia

The Afghan crisis is a conflict between the Russian Empire and the British Empire through the spheres of influx in Central Asia, provoking the battle in Kushtsa. Becoming the culmination of the “Great Game” of these powers, which plagued the entire 19th century. In progress... ... Wikipedia

Top: The cruiser "Pallada" under fire near the harbor of Port Arthur. Livoruch behind the anniversary arrow: Japanese hunting on the bridge over the Yala River, Russian... Wikipedia

Russian-Japanese War Top: A ship in the hour of battle. Left hand behind the anniversary arrow: Japanese infantry, Japanese cavalry, two ships of the Russian fleet, Russian soldiers standing over the trench with the killed Japanese under the siege of Port Arthur. Date 8 February 1904... ... Wikipedia

We would like to inform you that in 1885 the territory between Turkmenistan, which became part of the Russian Empire, and Afghanistan was demarcated. Text of lessons from the investigation of Colonel of the General Staff A.D. Shemansky “The Conquest of Central Asia.”

---
1. Keep Merv busy
Merv, asking for citizenship, having gone with Alikhanov, for the sake of their decisions, an embassy with four leading khans with 16 elders, who swore allegiance in Ashgabat on February 6, 1884.
For our introduction to Volodin Merv, we sent messages there to the head of the Transcaspian region, lieutenant general. Oleksandr Vissarionovich Komarov, yak i pishov there 25 February 1884 with a pen of 1 b., 2 s. ta 2 op. z people Tejen (village of Curry Bend, near the bottom, on the Ashgabat-Merv road). He was appointed to the desert with a delegation of 400 Merz. Ale in the very city of Mervi, the English emissar, according to the fortune-telling “siya-nush”, with hundreds of henchmen (with Topaz-Qajar Khan) tried to control us “new operations”, with the aim of gaining voluntary citizenship - nothing - in imushene.
The rebels were disintegrated, and the “siya-nush” [English agent] was captured by us within an hour, and the Turkmens came to our aid for those who needed them. The citadel of Merv - Koushut-khan-kala was occupied by us, then we prompted further additional measures, the inhabitants of the depredated area collected all the Persians, Bukhara and Khiva Harmati, the pride of the Turkmen of the whole Teke, as a trophy I won a lot.
The head of the new Merv district was appointed Lieutenant Colonel Alikhan, who was entrusted with managing the Merv vassals who came before us - the Sariks and Solors, who were eager for our citizenship in the hour of the defeat of 1eok-1epe, the fragments of Merv were greatly oppressed c. Only after the squeeze of Merv, the Pendinsky sariki were confused, as it was planned to rent the Georgian pastures in Afghanistan.

A part of the Sariks were so close to Merv that we dared to receive them securely. These were the residents of Yolatan (on the Murgab River), who took the oath in Ashgabat on April 21, 1884. Before they were imprisoned, the bailiff. And on 25 Herbs we occupied the center of the Solorians - Serakhs, which the Persians were going to occupy (according to the English) and then destroyed their enclosure there from Meshed on 22 Herbs. Another police officer was stationed there in the Merv district.
The lands of the Sariks-Pendins along the Murgab with the tributaries Kushkoy, Kash and Kaysor and the ancient frontiers of the “Herat” ridge, the lands of the Solorians with the deserts that strengthen the Pende in the Amudarya and Teje were lost, not occupied by us. on. We decided to introduce the law there only after the International Commission had established a border with Afghanistan.
The commission was supposed to consist of an English delegate, General Sir Peter Lemsden, and a Russian delegate, General Zeleny. With both permissions, a great convoy and a great headquarters of military officers, hirelings and reconnaissance officers.

2. Demarcation from the Anglo-Afghans beyond the Caspian Sea.
The Commission for the demarcation of Afghanistan from our Turkmenistan began its work in the autumn of 1884. The English hastened to send their delegates there (spring), who passed through the Caucasus and Persia on the outskirts of Herat, and the convoy of their arrivals there from Quetti.
Already we were leaving our forces, noting that the Afghans and the English had conquered all the Pende and the day of the Solorian lands. Afghan troops showed up there, and the British commission, having heard among them, wanted them and vindicated them. They told us that it won’t last long
The demarcation is still: 1) the Afghan zagarbniks will not leave the Turkmen lands, and 2) until England is ready to further respect the sariks and solors who are coming to us.

It is not enough to demarcate the borders of the Volodymyr tribes with Afghanistan.
The British did not want to settle down, and the negotiations came to a halt, and a large number of Afghan troops continued to grow in both Murgabi (Pendi) and Tedzhen (more than Serakhs).
The Afghan encampment grew especially strongly near Penda, located near the oasis closest to us, with the branches of the people. Kushki, a tributary of the Murgab, the Tash-Kepri river (Kamyany place, a viaduct across the Kushka) and Ak-Tepe (a majestic hillock, this place). This is a good strategic point: the shortest route to Herat, on one side, and to Afghan Turkestan (Char Vilayet) from the Russian Merv through the Murgab valley and in Penda, leading to a number of roads along the valleys of its tributary pp. Kushka, Kash ta Kaysar). The Anglo-Afghans, silently arguing about the fort at Tash-Kepri, decided to block access to Afghanistan from Transcaspia. There is only one hole there in the entire majestic expanse from Amudar to Tejen, which is becoming “incessantly” deserted.
Ale... the Afghans, who hung out to Turkmenistan as death guards, began to behave to the extreme, and the numerous reconnaissance officers of the English mission were ordered there like rulers.
They began to shout about war with the Anglo-Afghans, both in the English press and in the Asian market voice, and in diplomatic outreach.
Sovereign Alexander III showed great resolve and ordered “not to compromise on anything” to our Central Asian opponents... The result of this was the development of the plan for the outbreak of war in Central Asia with England and Afghanistan; settlement (from the Caucasus and Turkestan) of the Transcaspian region with great forces and in ways, with the preparation for it of the closest “reserve” in the Caucasus... On Murgab and on Tedzhen we hung corrals with an intermediate post between them on daylight Izhzhia Herat mountains... Meta corrals , if necessary, drive out the firebrands by force and be the vanguards of our throat as the war flares up.
And the discussion about disengagement went its own way, took on larger and larger dimensions, becoming more and more confused with each day.
The main forces of our corrals of Murgab and Tedzhensky were gathering in Mervit and Serakhsi, and their vanguards, overtaking hundreds of Cossacks in sight, were hanging forward, up to Iolatan and Pulikhatun up the hill beyond the flow of these rivers, with forward posts near Tash-Kepri (on Murgabi) and near Murgabi. Zyulfagar (on Tedzheni), with an intermediate post at Akrabat.
The Afghans occupied Pende against the Murgab paddock and Zyulfagar - against Tedzhensky. When our people left, they met with the Afghans.

Having become tired of super-speaking about those who joke about the cordon and whom to respect in the middle of our rice, we designed a cordon for us, assigned him to England and decided, for the remaining misfortunes, to occupy him with the military.
As before, we tried to voluntarily give up to our rivals: leading from the Amudar cordon along the snowy edge of the Afghan oases of Andkhoy, we gave the valleys of pp. to the Afghans. Salgalak and Kaysora, where they lived (partially and free Turkmens; then, leaving Pende behind them, we saw Meruchak on Murgab, instead of leading a cordon along the ridge of the Herat Mountains, as a trace, they gave the Afghans most of the land ichny shilyu zikh gіr, leading between to Khauzi-khan on Kushtsia, then along its tributary of the Egri-chen river and the wells of Keriz-syuime, Keriz-Ilyas to the Tedzhen river, crossing the Zulfagara itself (10 versts downstream).
From Herat the rice route was 120-200 versts.
But the English, not valuing our actions, stood their ground and won for Afghanistan from Pende (to Sariyaz on Murgabi) and the Tejen Valley to Pulikhatun (to Shir-Tepe, still on the way). This would in fact be an obvious “wash” of the traders, based on the principle - “so that there is something to be done.” The English delayed their confirmation until 1st February 1885!
15 births gave rise to new plagues. Wanting, tired of the verbal struggle, we were ready to give in to Pende’s act, so that we ourselves could turn Afghanistan into our own selfishness with such great kindness.
And in the meantime, our approaches from the military unit on the topic of “not compromising anything” were developing and developing, and more food could be supplied in rubles...
Beyond the Caspian we had up to 6 thousand at that hour. pikh., 2 thousand. kinnoti and 16 garmata (7 battalions, 14 kaz. sot., one railway battalion and one militia team). Without destroying the tightly conquered land, we could destroy up to our forward corrals only 1/4 - 1/3) of these forces = 2 b., 6 g., 4 armored forces and a little more than 4 battalions. There were also up to 3 hundred Turkmen police in the region, b. h. a sub-regiment was hastily recruited. Alikhanov strengthened the advanced corrals.

The Afghans have already deployed up to 4 forces against them. with 8 garmats at Tash-Kepri and up to 300 at Zyulfagar, for vinyatok 1 thousand. chol. Indo-British against Gurlen against Akrabat.
To establish the Murghab and Serakh pens, the army from Ashgabat, 400 versts from there to Kushka, was destroyed. Lieutenant General himself took command of the Murgab corral. Komarov, and the head of the vanguard of this corral (three thousand hundred) was a lieutenant colonel. Alikhanov.
By now the trains of the Murgab corral were well on their way to class. Imam-Baba on Murgabi (138 versts from Merv and 70 versts from Tash-Kepri), Alikhanov’s vanguard was ordered to occupy the entire area up to the river. Kushki, which preceded her Afghan posts and roamed the Murghab valley. In the period from 2 February to 5 Bereznya, also as his assistant, lieutenant colonel. Tatarin with a hundred, becoming the vanguard of the Serakh corral (regiment Fleisher = 0.5 b., 2 op.) at Pulikhatun.
Alikhanov with the head forces of his vanguard (2 hundred, of which one tubilnaya, one Cossack) 3 February 1885 r. came from Merv to their leading hundred, who stood in Imam Baba.
The English Colonel Ridgeway, who was at the forefront of the Afghan corral, wrote this sheet of paper, in which he was wary of the rush ahead and the retreat of the Afghans.

Alikhanov, apparently, marched ahead of the three hundreds to Aimak-Jaru, in order to spur the Afghan roses to lay siege to the people. Kushtsi. The instructions instructed him not to press hard on the Afghans with the forces of the vanguard, but rather through dissent. Few of the remaining robots appeared.
The Afghan captain hastened to retaliate both from Ridgeway and his own country, depriving Alikhanov of his letter threat “to stop him by force, ruins and harmati,” as soon as he was gone.
Naturally, Alikhanov marched forward, all the way to Kushka, where the head forces of the Afghan corral stood (behind it); but having learned from himself only a hundred hundred.
The racers in front of them were Afghan roses and piquets, in 8 fierce reaches of Tash-Kepri and on whose side Kushki set up his settlement on the hillocks of Kizil-Tepe under the command of the dashing horseman, Aman-Klich, and he himself went to Ai Mak-Jara.
At Tash-Kepri at this hour there were both Afghan and English generals - Kousuddin Khan and Lemsden with the core of the English Intermediate Commission. Lemsden was furious with a proud and proud letter until Alikhanov arrived. Alikhanov confirmed that he is “only a soldier”, “an exact follower of the orders of his superiors, and there is nothing to hold back in politics.” Having lost a group of officers and “ceremonies” during the Afghan crackdown, Lemsden, with its commission, marches to Gurlen. The Afghan general was once again in love with Alikhanov and hastily turned his horse to run at his tabir.
Alikhanov was entrusted with maintaining relations with the population of Penda, who had fought before us, and establishing reconnaissance for the Afghans in the Murghab basin. The same intelligence entrusted to Lieutenant Lopatinsky at the Tedzhen pool, standing by Zulfagar and Akrabat.

Mayuchi less than 31 chol. The valiant officer found great humility and humility in his order at the Afghan corral near Zulfagar, which turned him over ten times.
Our intelligence gave us precise and comprehensive information about the Afghans: about the fact that the garrison of Herat is thin; about those that the Afghans maintain in their engagement and military affairs, the British will find, accurate information about the number, warehouse, formation and dispute of the Afghans, about those who base them soldiers are white, and about those who roil and de roz'zhayut English reconnaissance officers. Such reconnaissance success must be attributed to the top rank of the spy guns of the stolen (mostly known, infiltrated, possible and guilty Tubilians) people from Merv and Jolatan.
We discovered that the hill of Ak-Tepe with the Afghan camp is fortified behind the European gaze; that after the new control over Murghab, there will be field fortifications. We found out that the English are asking for sarik-pende for good money to put up a thousand from the Streltsy (Mergens) to the warehouse of the Afghan corral, with reservations for their rakhunok and that the term vidpovid means 18 birches nya...
For days we knew the arrival of great reinforcements to Ak-Tepi from Herat along the valley. Kushki from Maimen, the valley of Kaysor, and about the bounty of the Afghans in Penda and nearby the old tubular forts of Meruchak and Bala-Murgab.
We found out that Tash-Kepri had 1.5 thousand Afghans. lust and up to 2.5 thousand. films with 8 different-caliber guns, half of them are Georgian and 1/4 are Afghan robots, and the rest are English... We were informed that the Afghan infantry is intense and eager for battle, it seems that they are “going to the gas station” do not let Rus' into the Afghan borders" . Ale kinota of Afghans, collected from the Hazaras and Jemshils, who hated Afghans, are similar to us, like the Pendans. The rest wanted to finish off the Afghan siege with a non-stop attack, but they didn’t dare, not looking at us directly to support them. The English generously siphoned off pennies and gifts from what looked like an insurance company, but their luggage was still robbed.
The Afghan torches were trash, a lot of cream, piston, and no more than a dozen quick-loading ones. Bagnets, picks, checkers and great crooked knives became cold steel. There are not small buckshots, but only cannonballs. Gunpowder for destruction and harmat of abominations. A convoy from the supply (v'yuki) behind the outfit of the merchants, at the tax hall. Dosvid is unimportant; odyag b. including their own, tubular, and Afghan generals and officers were in English costumes in full dress. In order to put pressure on our people, suspected of spying, the Afghans controlled the purpose of the demonstration, forcing some of their own people to join the tabir, no reinforcements that were approaching.
Mosquitoes, having dismissed the matter: “See the Afghans for the people. Kushku, uniquely - due to the possibility - of bloodshed.” Vin reported that he “can’t vouch for the rest”; and in a private chat it seems like you are being pulled by the tail like a dog.
Despite the actions of the remaining minds, he had the opportunity to calmly establish himself in an important military and military position: do not rush to drive out the Afghans while there were few of them; protect your troops from the front line on the right, so that there will be shots on the enemy’s side; more patiently endure the stubbornness of the Afghans; If this is successful, do not re-examine or invade Afghanistan until Herat, and, you will decide, do not accept negotiations about the defeat, intertwining at the same time diplomatic lines, and the lines of strategy and tactics.
The Murghab region went to Imam-Baba on the 5th of March, and on the 7th and 8th two trains moved to Aimak-Jar, where they stood until the 11th of March in the hope that the Afghans would “go back.” Then, on the 12th, I poked my head even closer to them, in Urush-dushan (20 versts from Tash-Kepri), and on the 13th, to the Nar. Kushka, who had already reached the top of the camp, was 5 versts short of it, “so as not to drag the Afghans.” Our outposts spread out 2 miles away from Kushka, on the line of Kizil-Tepe and Kozachy Hill. In this case, no more than 60-65 versts were covered this week.
When approaching Kushka, two of our officers, General. the headquarters from the hill of Kizil-Tepe reconnoitered the retreat of the Afghans, and in the sands beyond Murgab there were Afghan rozes, which were about to follow our hands. Sensing about the great need in the Afghan camp and about the transportation there by sands, smuggling routes, supplies, we sent out into the desert and announced in Merv and Yolatan that such vantage would be confiscated.
The Afghan outposts stood 0.5-1 versts from ours in front of Kushka and the road beyond Murghab. There is a tabir, surrounded by trenches, located behind Kushka at the foot of the Ak-Tepe hillock, on the top of which there is a guard point and one zbroy. Lantsyug posts guarding their tabir and at the side of Pende, whose stench they did not trust. Ours commanded the roztashuvannya behind Murghab.
When the Murghab corral approached, all the Afghan cannon (with 2 harmats) hung from behind Kushka and hung on the ridge of this bank, and the trenches immediately began to dig. Bachachi, who do not think of attacking, the movie went across the river, and their position was taken by the lustful, devilish part. From that hour, the Afghans no longer deprived this coast and everyone completed their trenches, everyone increased their strength until they were completely burned up and were thrown into Kushka by our military blow.
Since the English officers were taking this position from the Afghans, the stinks could only be spent on gluing, since it was with great shortcomings. And since one of these officers told us that they “had no doubt at all about our defeat of the Afghans,” it appears that, having led everything right to such a resolution, England wanted to permanently withdraw from we sympathize with the Afghans with the Kushkin defeat...
Murghab, at first, having shared the position in vain, and respectfully raging at this hour (legal leadership) Kushka, - the position was divided by the third, respectfully the troops who were lost in the camp and covered up their view of the Pendents. The position in front of Kushka was completely narrow, pressed up to the steep banks of the bank and a single bridge, narrow and long. The wade in Kushki was not safe.
The shortest, the shortest and the safest of the Turkmens, marched from the left flank, who, being forward, would inevitably be attacked. Another road, the other one, went back beyond Kushka, through the settlements of the Sariks and Dzhemshids.

Following his instructions, Komarov began negotiations through the English, so that the Afghans went for Kushka and through Murgab at their tabir and there they calmly checked the high-ranking interim commission - who would get Penda.
The English watched these negotiations with such impatience that they called out their 13th thoughts themselves, writing that none of the Russian bosses wanted them.
The next day, the 14th, the marriage between the Russians and the English celebrated the 5th year. evenings between outposts near Tash-Kepri. On the sidewalk, Gen. to the headquarters Colonel Zakrzhevsky53" was with us and the captain with his retinues. We treated the English, according to Russian hospitality. We discussed the camp and the days of the day: expanding on both our flanks with posts and roses, the Afghans were swearing at us, which was both invisible to us and loud In response to our proposal to go to the tabir, for Kushka, they confirmed the strengthening of their position in front of Kushka, the British in every way vindicated the Afghans.
The next day, the negotiations continued with sheets of paper, and everything was the same...
The Afghans were busy with the stench: the stench was extremely dangerous until our ranks and units were sent to scout the flanks. Alikhanov, who rode (to the right flank) with the Turkmen hundred up the mountain along the river. Kushka, on the way to Mop-Kala, was overtaken by the Afghan general himself with hundreds of kinnots and turned back, paying the Afghans by escorting them all the way to the Tash-Keprin bridge, thereby gratifying them. Captain Prasolov from the company that followed Murghab, was in pursuit of the threatening actions of the Afghan company, which captured one of our horsemen until the morning of the 16th.
The fasts and roars of the Afghans were all cheered and everyone was hyping us, they were approaching us loudly (until our time on Murgab) and they were shouting various threats: “Get out! We are not Turkmen for you, we are Afghans; We have beaten the English more than once, we will beat you too if you won’t go! The remaining facts became known on the 16th. We told the English about them at the ceremony that it was that day, and the stench around us was ringing.
Having begun to mark the mosquitoes, the Afghans’ praise for their engagement with us greatly missed our charm among the Turkmen policemen, and the negotiations went nowhere; The spies reported that the Afghans were preparing to attack us without hesitation, and our patient vitriol gave them courage.
Todi Komarov, having raised his threat to the battle, sent an ultimatum to the Afghan general on the 17th: “I hope that today, the 17th of February, before the evening, all Afghans leave the left bank of the Kushka, and for Murghab they will go to the Iniyu people Koshti. There will be no more negotiations and clarification about this food. You have intelligence and insight and, perhaps, will not allow me to achieve my goal myself.”
At the same time, the rebels asked the English for a treat and asked them to bring with them a delegate from the Afghans. The British showed up alone and in every way acquitted the Afghans.
He himself was the senior Afghan general of Naib-Salar. He confirmed to Komarov that he could retire and be retired without easily correcting the status of his posts. He motivated his leadership with the instructions of the world and the pleasures of the English.

Todi Komarov, having tried a new private page, will secretly reveal that the British are the evil guards of the Afghans, and that they want to bring the right to battle. At the end, Komarov said: “May God help you! The choice between friendship and fortune-telling lies with you!”
The Afghan general seized the military council, on which the mountain took the thought of the date of battle. And early on the Afghans became “in ruins” in their position in front of Kushka.

3. Beat on Nar. Kushtsi 18 Bereznya 1885 rock.
Mosquitoes also elected their bosses to the public and announced to them the disposition for the battle of the coming day, adding that we do not lose hope that just the sight of our advance will see the Afghans beyond the Kushka, which is why we have defended ourselves from shooting the first ones, they will respond one by one the eyes shot.
Some time ago we traveled through Murgab; Our camp lost a small team (50 people) of non-combatants for its defense533. I grew up about 4 years ago. the wound and collapsed under the shelters of the outposts (on the contrary), which were aware of the proximity of our columns to them.
We had 1,840 people, 600 horses and 4 Georgian troops in the pen, and 1,660 fighters with 4 troops went into battle.
Our battle plan was simple: from the front, Komarov was sent to the trenches, occupied by Afghan infantry and artillery, 500 people. The Trans-Caspian infantry against the Afghan army, which was then on the left flank of the “front-Kushkin” position, sent 500 of its cavalry, and sent 6 to the left flank of the Afghans. 00 Turks with Gir Harmats.
It seems that it was not enough for the Turkestan people to go into the burials, but it turned out as it was said, and the reason for this was the wandering of the Turkestan people at the hilly sands, from which the stinks went into the burials. This blunder made them afraid to take their fate on the brink of battle. On the hillock of Kizil-Tepe, he became a transfer station, and the general. Komarov and his headquarters were standing behind the horse column. Until the end, before the Turkestans left the searches, the artillery was also greeted, as it had already registered its appearance on the battlefield.
The disposition of Mosquitoes declared that they had exhausted their efforts to remove the Afghans for Kushka, which is why he ordered his pen to beat them from their position in front of this river. It was announced that after 2 - 3 years the battle began.
The forces of the Afghans outweighed the number of fighters in the morning: 4.7 thousand. і 8 garmat - 3 baht., 26 hundred. ta 8 harm. This is how 1 thousand came to fruition. Sarikiv.
The Afghan infantry and artillery were in the trenches at night, their outposts were tidied up, and the army stood in a majestic column on the left flank. And all the expansion of them took place on the commanding ridges right up to the very edge of the Kushka valley.

It was damp, cold, gloomy, the freezing cold rain was mixed with snow... It didn’t melt the Afghan cream and piston towels that were constantly setting off; important skins, beat the flowers, in the wake of the Afghan lust, the shokhvilini got stuck in the sticky brood and flowed from the bottom.
Temryava has been attracting opponents of one kind for a long time...
Our film ran into the enemy first; there, rising on the Tash-Keprin plateau, itself came out against the enemy’s horse mass536 - 500 people. versus 2.6 thousand! No wonder the captive Afghans said: “We weren’t afraid of your forces, they were like a fly to ours.”

Having encouraged ours, Naib-Salar, on his gray horse in front of the Afghan cinema, shouted to it: “Move to the glory of God!” The Afghans responded with loud cries: “Alla!..”
Alikhanov, respectfully, that behind this there will be a hurricane of cannon attacks from the place, and bachachi, that the enemy’s cannon began to crumble, flail, in front of the restless horses, seized by the click of the masses, quickly regaining the front and hastening the Cossacks... Before them, There were 20 people with rubles , and other horsemen lost their heads on both flanks of the Cossacks...
A bunch of Afghans at that hour rushed forward towards Alikhanov, but, having passed twenty more kroks, they stopped at 400 kroks, having wasted on a forest rille, so loosened earlier by the horse's hoards that the horses began to get stuck at the knees.
It was about 6.15. wound.
At this hour, the left hand of the offensive of the Transcaspian lust clearly appeared behind our cinematic image, having already gained importance in the development of its cinematography, and the silhouettes of the Turkestan lust clearly appeared far behind the ledge of the right hand in front of the cinematography.
This very close hunt of the Afghans screamed, in our cinematography, a tornado fire... At first, one shot was cracked, then, after ten seconds, another, and then the whole group of them on the right salvo... Kin Alikhanov, having thrown him off, was injured into a cossack horse. Ale Alikhanov, having quickly recovered, diverted his men from the fire, shouting the emergency command - “Fire! Pali!".
Pishov drove across the entire battlefield. We could see rare blows from the Afghan troops and the powerful volleys of the Transcaspian battalion and the brave Cossack chase.
It seems that the Kabulites were the first to start the fire, so they were entrusted with helping their cavalry...

After “ten weeks”, after the start of a skirmish, a few squadrons of Kabul cavalry (up to 300 people) from the right flank of their cavalry rushed to Alikhanov’s left flank... They were rushed by the horsemen who were standing here, alas, If their army died (Seyid-Nazar - Yuzbasha, s Kaakhka), they gave a lot of til, they started laughing... Ale Alikhanov, rushing towards them, shouted in Turkmen: “If you can overcome it, you’ll die!” - And the horsemen, having become emboldened, rushed into the battle... A bunch of Cossack horses broke away from the guides and rushed to Kizil-Tepi... Still, the Afghan attack was surrounded by the fire of the Cossacks and the Transcaspian fire and brightened up... And the whole picture was Af Masa, after the Cossack fire, fell into complete chaos, panic... And, crushing a friend and bearing great expenses, shied away from the cliffs of the Kushka in the stormy water and began to walk back on the other side...
At this hour, the Turkestans came to sleep and started a disastrous fire both for the cannot, and for the decision of the Afghans, and for Kushka against the attacks that are trying to put themselves in order there.

With the friendly onslaught of all parts, the Afghan infantry was defeated, rushed to flow through the place and across the river... The shells, ensigns, drums, trumpets, badges were given to us...
At this hour, our artillery had already started firing at the Afghans, who were planning to go after Kushka... our lust went through the place, and the cinema began to wade. The Afghans fled, leaving the tabir, covering the battlefield with corpses, armor, horse bodies, trunks...

Mosquitoes, not allowing re-examination, in order to voice that they are not satisfied with what they are doing, and will move the whole war for Kushka.
I passed away about 8 years ago. wound, and for another two years they mooned around the shooting - and the actions of the Afghans, who took part in the camp and across the bridge, gave priority to death in essence over completeness.
The English officers (Jet, Owen, Smythe) immediately guarded them from the other bank of the Kushka, then went to the Pendinsky village of Erden, where their apartment and luggage were located.
Afraid of the wild twists of the defeated Afghans, they immediately wanted to joke with us and sent two leaves, preaching the services of their doctor and asking for the convoy... If the messages of the convoy did not find them, the stinks were respected for getting out of the Afghan country as quickly as possible note.
Biy cost us inexpensively: 9 people and 7 horses were killed; injured 22 people that 11 horses and shell-shocked 23 people. One police warrant officer was killed and two were wounded. The Trans-Caspian hunt suffered the most from the kul, nuclei and bagnets, then the Cossacks, then the police, and the Turkestan people; headquarters - no expense.
The Afghans experienced heavy losses: more than 500 people were killed on the battlefield; horse mass; so many died in the first days from wounds and believe that the Afghans themselves value their expenditure of more than 1 thousand. chol. perished. There were a total of 17 wounded and a total of 7. The Afghan military suffered a lot - four were killed, and two were wounded by sacks on the side.
We spent a total of 28 harmonic shots and killed 134,230 shots from destruction.
Our trophies and appearances: 8 garmats, ensigns, badges, a musical instrument, the entire tabir, convoy, supplies... And we have gained the greatest glory! The Afghans are considered in Central Asia to be the most important adversary for the Europeans after a series of dashing battles with the British, and Robert himself remarked about them: “There are only a few important troops left behind, so that the situation becomes dangerous.” military force."
At the Kushkinsky battle we talked about it, and it’s too much for such a good prospect!
The Komarov tracked down, sending the same scouts, and on the 21st and 22nd, along both roads to Herat, up the Murghab mountain (via Pende to Meruchak538) and up the Kushka mountain, sent reinforcements. Alikhanov ta cap. Prasols from convoy. The Afghans, thawing in temperature, reached Herat on the 11th day (28th Birth), after 9 marches ranging from 50 to 10 versts per day, in 2 days. Their situation was terrible in the cold weather - without cloth, clothing, supplies, a hostile population... At the borough of Kushka-Afghansky they collected more than 1 thousand. chol. (600 kin. and 400 pi.). Here the Herat government came to their aid and they received messages from General Komarov with a sheet. They told the Afghans that they were satisfied with their cleansing of the left bank of the Kushka, that they would not re-examine... that there was no more anger and we asked them to forget about this. There it turned out that the killed Afghans were given a Muslim treatment, they were hired as laborers, and the wounded would be sent to our rakhunka for Fatherland. This sheet has been corrected; We thought that we could help - Asian - to remind his needs...
The head of the intelligence unit and several officers received a cut on the ear for putting their butts in the fire. Alikhanov was respected by the head of the Vinuvatians of Vidnosin, who got busy. The English were in trouble for some time.

Kushkinsky raised the need for war with Russia in England. Abdurakhman was appointed commander-in-chief of the united forces. Members of the English Intermediate Commission began to mark Herat. In India, a great corps was assembled at Ravaltida. Our closest reserves were transported from Transcaspia from the Caucasus.
The British began to intensively investigate the behavior of General Komarov in this entire “Kushkin” history, and they brought it to the arbitration court... Everything was taken care of by the Sovereign, who decided that, in his opinion, “ you won’t get to war.” And it didn’t pass through its hardness.
The closest succession to the battle was that Pende was left behind us, a strong upheaval between the ship's Jamshids was under our control from the control of Afghanistan. We, of course, destroyed it, and the Afghans cruelly destroyed their destruction for the Jamshis.
The demarcation was over, and we continued to carry out tedious actions: we gave up the labyrinth of the Zulfagar Passage, one of the good routes to Herat, and carried our cordon between Amu Darya and Murghab 50 versts from the cultural border of Afghanistan into the wild desert .
Our mountainous monument adorns the field of the Kushka battle, and hundreds of miles away today the fortress of Kushka has grown, impressive for Asia; behind the stages of the Murgab paddock from Merv to the cr. Here we go, the station of which “Tash-Kepri” fell just like our first military commander in the respect of the Afghans.
The military was generously rewarded for this battle, which became a rich part of real political and military history. Before the speech, this was the only battle of Tsar Alexander III... And Komarov’s historical message has not yet been forgotten, as the world roared:
“Once again the victory covered the military Sovereign Emperor in Central Asia with great glory. The impudence of the Afghans made me afraid, in order to promote the honor and goodness of Russia, to attack 18 without strongly strengthening their positions on both banks of the river. Koshti. Afghan corral of regular troops, force of 4 thousand. chol. with 8 harmats, breaking and dispersing, spending over 500 chol. killed, the entire artillery, two ensigns, the entire tabir, convoy, supplies... The English officers, who were responsible for the actions of the Afghans, asked for our intercession; It’s a pity that my convoy didn’t catch up with them: the stench was, incredibly, buried in the Afghan film that had flowed in...”
Let us not forget again the calmness, vigor, strength, and leadership, peacefulness of Alexander III’s speech at the announcement: “The Sovereign Emperor sent his royal thanks to Your Excellency (and all ranks) for the good (Murgab) corral for the brilliance of the right 18 bereznya; having ordered to present the officers who were most prominent to the city, and the lower ranks are given the 50th badge of the military order... At the same time, His Majesty is pleased to know in detail the reasons that prompted you to carry out the order given to you: all I have to try my best to cope with the bloody situation.
Dodamo, what is the explanation of the gene. Komarov's bullets were found to be entirely correct.

At home, we guessed that Afghanistan, having buried ours not only in Turkmenistan, but also in the Pamirs, had also buried the entire Western Pamirs (Roshan and Shugnan), drilling before that with England and ours I am doing what I have given over the years without special consideration Super rivers to the Anglo-Afghans of the Pamirs - Vakhan - and the ancient schema of the Hindu Kush, with the passes we discovered at the other part. Having seized the prisons from Turkmenistan by force and freed our hands there, we set about clearing the Afghan prisons and the Pamirs, which was not without heroic matters and the struggle with the important minds of the military campaign for this justice. and “Let the light shine.”

On March 30, 1885, the Russian troops of General Komarov defeated the Afghans along the Kushka River, securing the Merv Oasis (Turkmenistan) for Russia. It is true that there will be a single military conflict under the reign of Emperor Alexander III.

The persistence of Russian and British interests in Central Asia, under the name “Grand Game”, affected most of the 19th century. One of the first victims was the Russian high-ranking minister Oleksandr Griboyedov, who was killed near Tehran in 1829.

Fight for the Kushka became one of the critical moments of this confrontation between the two empires and hardly called for a full-scale violent conflict.

It all began when, at the end of 1883, the head of the Transcaspian region (northern Turkmenistan), General Komarov, arrived in the Russian lands of the place of Merv (nine - Mari in modern Turkmenistan).

Since then, this place had been respected by the Afghan Volodinians, and Afghanistan itself, having been under the protectorate of Britain, the British wanted from the Afghan Emir to create a strong foundation for “aggression.” In London they were afraid that the further advance of the Russians would lead them to an invasion of India.

Afghanistan sent troops to Panjdeh, which caused Komarov to become angry. He declared that the oasis belonged to Russia and ordered the Afghan corrals to sing quietly. The Afghan commander, encouraged by the British commander in Afghanistan, General Lemsden, was convinced of the work.

On the 30th of February 1885, Komarov ordered his units to go on the offensive, otherwise the first ones should not start the fire. As a result, the Afghans started the fire first, wounding the horse of one of the Cossacks. After which, the Russian troops were given the order to open the fire on the Afghan cinema, which did not see the burning fire and escaped without trouble.

Unfazed by the strong support of Afghan lust, the enemy pressed for the place of Pul-i-Khishti until the morning, having realized a surplus of approximately 600 people. The spending of Komarov's army resulted in more than 40 people being killed and injured.

This international incident put Russia on the brink of war with Great Britain. This did not change the position of the Afghan emir Abdur-Rahman. You try very hard to hush up the story, and reveal everything as completely absurd.

As a result, the war was forgotten by the efforts of diplomats, who rejected the representatives of the Russian Tsar in their plans to respect the territorial integrity of Afghanistan in the future.

To regulate the incident, a Russian-English border commission was founded, which determined the current border cordon for Afghanistan. As a result, Russia retained the territory conquered by Komarov, on which the Kushka place was later founded. It became the most populated area of both the Russian Empire and the USSR.

Girsky Mikhailo

Campaign against the Afghans and battle against Kushtsi (1885)

Divine blessings of the great private Andriy Bolandlin

From the text: The place was covered with the corpses of infiltrators. Our soldiers tried to turn on them and not be surprised. Little girls, with serious persons, preserving jealousy, left the stench, having scoured their berdans with hands darkened with gunpowder, from their gray greatcoats. “One, two, three, what are you... one, two, three, what are you!..” - most of them respected, stepping over the corpses of Afghans, kickers and horses, trampled, trampled by horse hoofs, artillery shells and the boots of the Pkhotins.

Hoaxer: the great conflict of 1885 was the only conflict of this kind that happened during the reign (1881-1894) of Alexander III the Peacemaker. Among some historians (for example, V. Pokhlobkin “Foreign policy of Russia, Russia and the USSR for 1000 years”, M., 1995) this conflict is called the “Russian-English armored conflict” (through the presence of there are hundreds of English raiders near the lavas of the Afghans), in other respects, it is called the Russian-Afghan armed conflict (which, in my opinion, is correct, has been changed from its previous name). But the fact that the British fought and fought among the Afghans leaves no room for doubt. What was revealed in the song, which is reflected in the text of this book: “We remember the enemy forever, / The English and the Afghans will never forget...”.

Notes

March on the Afghans and fight on Kushk

"I passed the steppe like the sea,

Through the sound of a hurricane...

So let’s go out into the open,

Rush from mound to mound...

Birds rarely fly there,

There the sand will fly at a stop...

(Cossack song).

One of the gray days of 1885, in the Samarkand barracks of the 3rd line Turkestan battalion, they were engaged in “literature”. At the white wooden tables sat about thirty students, already moustache-bearded and bearded, but they were just beginning to write on slates. The teacher of these marvelous students was a young, dark-haired ensign, Degtyaryov, who stood beside two black boards with great cardboard letters.

Well, brothers, what is the letter? - Ask vin, raising the letter b to the top.

B! b!.. - shout a chorus of incredibly manic voices.

What about this? - the ensign raises another letter.

A! A! - shout the soldiers.

What kind of warehouse, brothers, will we take away from this list? I seem to call the reader.

Bah! - According to scientists.

The scholars, however, are not very important: some are recognized, others give each other a clack, and others clamor one another. It is important, however, that we try to inform ourselves of the whole wealth of wisdom. The roasters tell them:

What should I get into? If the little ones haven’t been taught, then it’s all the same: the great ones can’t be killed!

No, not those guys! - The stench suggests: more often than not. The diploma is in good hands, - if you want a piece of paper, approximately, write home something else...

After the rights of the intellectual, the rights of the physical began, Here the entire third generation, young and old, have already been taken away.

The Rudy soldier Chornousov quickly pulled himself up on his knees. Then it came to the hulking Vyatka soldier Volkov, who had always been struggling badly.

Well, you, Vyatka, - having respected Degtyaryov: don’t guess your Vyatka!

But I, sir ensign, haven’t learned from my youth, but now... I’ll get home soon...

Home, not home, but still the old soldier is so timid. You are obliged to serve with a butt for others, but it is better for young soldiers to be shy.

The soldiers laughed.

The hour is approaching the 12th anniversary. Ratting his mouth: - Take it!

The recruits, not knowing whether to play for lunch or for “collection”, let it go first, piled up the copper cups and rushed to the kitchen, because, not everyone in the military has established order, the recruits follow the volume. The elders began to bark.

Where have you gone, the devils?

About the house!

What a shame for you! You feel that it’s a gathering, not a meal! Roll your overcoats, grab your bags and bags.

The soldiers began to scurry around, dumped towels and other ammunition, and marched to the reinforcements. And other companies were already under my control. Beside the first company, in a bridle drawn by a pair of crows, sat the colonel himself, Mikhailo Petrovich Kav, a gallant man, wearing eyepieces, with a black beard, who had arrived here with dignity. The officers ran together, down to their units. All right, everything was going well. Company commanders arrived. Then Colonel Badjoro jumped out of the carriage, said to them, and then went wild with all the soldiers, who eagerly wanted to know why the authorities had picked them up, and said:

I encourage you to go, brothers! I received a telegram from the army commander: we are leaving in the city of Merv.

Glad to try, your high nobility!.. - the battalion barked loudly.

Rr. Company commanders, company schoolchildren and the initial command are dismissed into companies, get busy and prepare for the campaign!

The soldiers were dismissed.

Eh, brothers, let's go on a hike... - some said.

At Merv, so, singly, to the parking lot, - they said.

Well, it’s unlikely that we’ll go to the parking lot... - the first ones did not agree. The 3rd battalion had many countrymen in other Samarkand armies (1).

Let's go hiking, brothers! - the soldiers of the 3rd battalion shouted at him.

Well, make a mistake! At Kav's place, he always walks and walks with his eyes.

On the very day, the astute colonel had laboriously put into practice, and marched twenty or thirty versts with his battalion, with all the baggage and supplies.

That same day, the colonel sent a telegram to his friend, in which the soldiers were allowed to speak with them. Comforted Turkestan residents, ready to go to the parking lot, were already thinking of taking with them a couch, boxes, and other charcoal items, as a new telegram sent away their worlds: in it, the skin soldier was punished without his mother’s powerful speeches I'll pay more.

The friends were also punished to be taken on the march immediately, but after the highest order, they were to be deprived of their friends and replaced with people from other parts.