Russian Guard. History of the formation and traditions of the Russian Guard. Test with all those In the 18th 19th century the guard was victorious for

Prototype of the new army

In the spring of 1690, the first maneuvers took place, organized according to all the rules of military affairs. On one side there was a regiment of riflemen, on the other - funny battalions and a noble cinema. The archers are known for their defeats. Across the river, the forces of the anti-fighters have significantly increased. With the forces of the military and soldier regiments of the Keruvs, F. Yu. Romodanovsky, in addition to the other army, which was formed from the archers, standing I. I. Buturlin. The “commanders” stayed with the so-called “Generalissimo” for a long time. The total population of the army was three thousand people. As a result, these maneuvers became a serious school of military science. Practical training of mutual relations among military minds, training in the techniques of taxation robots, learning the skill of training - everything was laid down at the advancement of the army. Representatives of the richest people at that time took part in Peter's reform activity.

PREOBRAZHENSKY REGIMENT, Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment - one of two (along with Semenivsky) first Russian Guards regiments.

The Preobrazhensky Regiment is a mainstay of the Russian Army. All Russian emperors and empresses were colonel or colonel of this regiment.

The regiment was created by Tsar Peter I in the spring of 1692 from the “potish” pen, stationed in the village near Moscow. Preobrazhenske. The remaining addition to the regiment ended in 1693 rubles.

Preobrazhentsi took part in all the major battles and campaigns of Peter the Great. After the Azov campaigns, a company warehouse was assigned to the regiment, which was significantly outnumbered by other units of the army. It consisted of 16 fuseliers (musketeers), 1 grenadier and 1 bombardment company. September 22, 1700, when the Preobrazhensky Regiment entered the Narva Campaign, the Semenivsky Regiment was renamed the Life Guards. At the 1st subtext. 18th century From the soldiers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, especially the nobles, officer cadres were trained for the army regiments.

Over the years, the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1735–1739, and at the time of the oblasts of Ochakov (1737), Khotin (1739), the Battle of Stavuchany 1739, and the Koalas Civil wars and coalition wars at the battle of Friedland (1807), of Borodin (1812), of Kulma (1813). Alongside this, the guards' pens took part in the Russian-Swedish wars of 1788–1790 and 1808–1809, and the Russian-Turkish war of 1828–1829. At the hour of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment fought with the enemy at Etropol, Adrianople, San Stefano and Tashkisen.

The fate of the 1st World War of Transformation took part in the battles with German and Austro-Ugric troops on the Pivnichno-Zakhidny and Pivdenno-Zakhidny fronts and was reflected in the battle on the river. Stochid (1916). Quartered near Petrograd, units of the regiment took an active part in the revolutionary forces of 1917.

Birch born in 1918 The Preobrazhensky Regiment was re-formed. V.V.

SEMENIVSKY REGIMENT, Semenivsky Life Guards Regiment - one of the first (next to Preobrazhensky) Russian Guards regiments.

The Semenivsky regiment was formed by Tsar Peter I in the spring of 1692 from the “quiet” pen, stationed in the village near Moscow. Semenivske. The Semenivtsy took part in all the major battles and campaigns of the hour of Peter the Great. After the Azov campaigns, a warehouse was assigned to the regiment, which sacrificed a lot to the Preobrazhensky Regiment. The Semenivsky regiment consisted of 12 fuseliers (musketeers) and 1 grenadier company. Torishnogo Serpnya 1700 RUR, when the Semenivsky Regiment and the Preobrazhensky Regiment entered the Narva Campaign, they were given the name Life Guards. At the 1st subtext. 18th century From the soldiers of the Semenivsky regiment, especially the nobles, officer cadres were trained.

Over the years, the Semenivsky Regiment took part in the Russian-Turkish and Russian-Swedish wars, coalition wars from Napoleonic France. This special warehouse was identified in the Stavuchansky (1739) and Borodino (1812) battles, the battle of Kulma (1813). In 1820 r. The soldiers of the Semenivsky regiment stood up against the inhuman force and drill. At the hour of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The Life Guards Semenivsky Regiment appeared in the battles near Girsky Dubnyak and Pravets. At the end of the 1st World War, the Semyonians took part in combat operations with the German and Austro-Ugric armies on the Pivnichno-Zahidny and Pivdenno-Zahidny fronts and were identified at the battle on the river. Stochid (1916). The reserve and military units of the regiment stationed in Petrograd took an active part in the revolutionary forces of 1917.

In Sichna 1918 The Semenivsky Regiment was reorganized. V.V.

A?RMIYA - the totality of the warring forces of the state; part of the armored forces, ahead of the ground forces.

Until kin. 17 – pm 18th century The old system of the army no longer met the needs of national defense and the requirements of foreign policy. Peter I started the military reform and completed it until 1709. - the fate of the Battle of Poltava. It can be divided into 3 stages.

PIDGOTOTY ETAP - 1690–1699 pp., If Potishnі, Peter I regiments, crossed the transformed I Semenivsky regiments, that Yakshcho Znibilsh Belchi Strilziv formed two “viburnum” Moscow Regiment - P. Gordon I F. Lifors.

The period of the beginning of the regular army can be called 1699–1705. At 1699 rub. Tsar's decrees were issued about the registration of "all sorts of free people" and "Danish people" from the soldiers and dragoon regiments. As a result, 29 infantry and 2 dragoon regiments were formed (the regiment had 1,200 privates). The Streltsy regiments and the noble army were liquidated after the battle of the Russian and Swedish armies near Narva on November 19, 1700 r. At leaf fall 1700 rub. near Narva, the Swedes blamed 6,000 Russians and all the artillery. The Streltsy regiments and noble army could not withstand the army of Charles XII.

The final stage fell on the years 1705-1709. The place of the noble cavalry militia was taken over by cavalry of the dragoon type. At 1705 r. Recruitment service was introduced in Russia. All provinces of the region had “stations” - recruiting points. As a rule, 1 recruit per 500 was recruited, at least – per 300, and in the case of vinyakov attacks – per 100 human souls. The village boys, who had spent time before the recruits, were deeply experiencing the transition from home life to military life. This was enforced by the harsh system of punishing pardons on navchannyah. Corporal punishment and death punishment in the army of the 18th century. was a real phenomenon. Disastrous for the recruits were the difficult transitions, the meager food, and the lack of supplies. They got sick and died and so on, if there were no military actions.

In the 18th century recruits were recruited only from the middle of the Russian population. Z kin. 18th century the recruits began to have brothers Ukrainians and Belarusians, and in the 19th century. representatives of other Christian peoples of Russia. The term of service used to be “before disability”, in fact it is pre-disabled.

The new regular army and military-naval fleet were created behind the European border.

The army was divided into divisions and brigades, which, however, were not small in size. As one stationary unit in the lust and cavalry, the former regiment. Infantry regiment until 1704 having formed 12 companies, consisting of two battalions, after 1704 - 9 companies: 8 fusiliers and 1 grenadier. The skin company had 4 chief officers, 10 non-commissioned officers, 140 privates. The company was divided into 4 plutongs (platoons). Each of the plutongs had 2 corporals.

On the armored infantry there were small smooth-bore towels with a baguette (cold steel with the appearance of a long blade, the handle of which, during hand-to-hand combat, was inserted into the barrel of the towel, causing the soldiers to drink fire). In 1706–1708 fates. These towels were replaced by towels with triangular bagnets. The cream of the gun (fusey) and the pistols of the infantry of Peter the Great were small on the armored swords.

The infantry smooth-bore rifle (fusee) had a small caliber of 19.8 mm, with a load of 5.69 kg, and even reached 1560 mm. The skin mass was 33 rubles.

The cavalry (dragoon) regiment consisted of 10 companies, including one horse grenadier. Two companies formed a squadron. The leather company had 3 chief officers, 8 non-commissioned officers and 92 dragoons.

The dragoons were armed with light towels (fusees), broadswords and pistols in holsters (saddle holsters). The Dragoon fusia has a small caliber of 17.3 mm, with a load of 4.6 kg, and even reached 1210 mm. The skin mass became 21.3 g.

At 1708 r. Grenadier regiments were created in the Russian army as a small measure of the great war. The grenadiers were small on armed, heavy tornadoes, and grenades, and several of them were hand mortars. The skin grenadier regiment had 12 armored units, while the infantry police had only 2 light units and 4 mortars.

The artillery saw hundreds of changes. Various calibers and types of artillery shells appeared. The field artillery retained its armory, howitzers and mortars. The permanent commands for transporting the Garmat-Furshtat appeared.

At 1701 r. The first artillery regiment was formed in the Russian army. For the state 1712 r. It consisted of 6 companies (1 bombardment, 4 gunners, 1 mineral), engineering and pontoon teams.

The training school for army officers was the Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky Guards regiments. Young nobles served there as privates, and then achieved officer rank. Military forces were trained in artillery schools, for example at the Bombardier School, founded in 1698, at the Moscow Harmaty Court and others. in Azov, Engineering School near Moscow (b. 1712, moved to St. Petersburg this year).

The Russian army may never have had any more officers, so they were called nobles. It was important for people from other countries to join the officer service. However, according to Peter’s Table of Ranks, lower ranks for “reliable” service were promoted to non-commissioned officers, and those for special successes in the military service could be promoted to officers, which automatically brought nobility.

The total number of armored forces in Russia until 1725 (the end of the reign of Peter I) reached 220 thousand. man. V.V.

GUARDS, Life Guards (from Italian: Guardia - protection) - initially the military pens that protected the royals; In the future, the selected military units will be added. In Russia, the guard units have settled into chaos. 17th century from the “silent” regiments of Peter I - Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky. 30 May 1700 rub. (the new date was 1687) on Peter’s Day, these regiments were given the status of guards.

The Guard was a military school where officers were trained for the Russian army. Appropriately, the Table of Ranks of Guards officers is two ranks ahead of army officers. For example, a guard captain became equal to an army lieutenant colonel. Born in 1884 This advantage was reduced to one rank. Until kin. 18th century Nobles, including privates, served in the Guard. At this time, the Guard had a small great political influx, taking an active part in the palace coups of the 18th century.

At 18–19 st. The number of guardsmen gradually increased. There was a stench among all kinds of military people. At 1722 r. former formations of the Kinny Guards Regiment, circa 1730. – Izmailovsky, 1796 r. – Egerskiy, Hussarskiy, Kozachiy, in 1799. – Kavalergardsky, in 1809. – Ulansky, born in 1811. – Finland, 1813 r. – Kirasirsky, Grenadiersky, Pavlovsky, 1814 r. - Equestrian Egerskiy. Then other guard units were formed. After the end of the Napoleonic wars, the regiments were infused into the Guard, starting in 1813. began to be called the “Young Guard”, and the large Guard regiments - the “Old Guard”.

From the guard they selected men of tall stature, good appearance, strong, good-willed, and politically trustworthy. 1830 rocks. There was a tradition of selecting recruits from the Guards police based on the color of their eyes, their hair and their appearance. The Preobrazhensky Regiment recruited blondes, the Semenivsky - brown-haired, the Izmailovsky - brunettes, the Moscow - red-haired, the Cavalry Guard - dark-eyed blondes, the Pavlovsky - brown-haired, for the riddle about its creator to Emperor Paul I. officers - very expensive. Uniforms and ammunition were costly, and even more expensive was the kin, the birthday of a guards officer. Belonging to the Guards Corporation imposed on the officer a hymn of discrimination: for example, he could not make friends, as he was ordered not to praise the commander and the officer training did not lead to the same decision. All the great princes, including the crown princes, served in the guard. After serving as privates in the Guard, blues from noble noble families began their careers. To achieve an officer's rank, you had to serve in a number of rocks. The chiefs of the guard regiments were members of the imperial rank.

Guards regiments took part in all the wars that Russia waged on the 19th century. 20 tbsp. In kin. 1917 r. The guard was cut down. At the hour of the Great German War of 1941–1945. The guard status of the Red Army was revived. V. G.

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The quiet army is a phenomenon that has a lot to do with the upcoming Russian army. From the very beginning, the quiet regiments of Peter I were formed by the young sovereign to fight in battle. Nina knows little about how she first organized shelves for royal fun. The number of active soldiers quickly increased and inevitably could not be accommodated in Preobrazhenskoye, so part of the active regiments were transferred to Semenivskoye village.
According to the words of historians, the beginning of the mercenary clans of the young king, collecting comrades for gambling. This means that the five-year-old prince is the master of “room people” - servants, servants and sleeping bags, specially selected peers from famous families and court nobility. Petro began to seriously make adjustments. From the very beginning, “the most important things for speaking” from the Tsar’s Comoros, he had already collected a whole bunch of energetic comrades, ready for any kind of fun with the future Tsar. The future autocrat recruited young men from his team from grooms and sleeping bags, and later, from priests and falconers. Step by step, two battalions were recruited, from the youth of all camps, from nobles to serfs. The skin battalion had approximately three hundred people.
Despite the name "potishni", the regiments of Peter the Great were not fervent. Every “soldier” was listed in the service and received pay, like all “serious” soldiers. The title “Potishny” became a popular rank, which became common at court on par with other titles.
Funny soldiers were recruited into the police force officially, according to clerical order. In 1686, the Stables gave orders to send court grooms to the village of Preobrazhenskoye before Peter the Great to serve as their funny gunners. The very same name in the secret police is Menshikov, Oleksandr Danilovich, a son of the highest rank, “lowest for the nobility.”
At the onset of fate, the suppressed regiments of Peter I began to rise to the strength of their youth. Together with the grooms of the 1687th century, the 2nd regiment arrived. Buturlin and the future Field Marshal of the Russian State M.M. Golitsin. Golitsin had the chance to join the drummers when he was a child, starting with the palace records.
For the quiet regiments, Petro stayed at the Preobrazhensky door for peace, set up a hut, and set up the “headquarters” of the army control. In the same way, a quiet flock was built, where Petro placed the artillery harness, which he took from the Konyushenny order. So, the game turned into a carefully thought-out approach, the organizers of some small great staff, treasury and budget.
Petro has a special goal - become a soldier and make his comrades in the games become true soldiers. Everything was as it should be. Petro dressed his sweaty soldiers in green uniforms and provided them with new soldier's armor. The commanders of honorary families had special duties - staff officers, non-commissioned officers and chief officers. From that time on, the Preobrazhensky outskirts served as a place where today the silent regiments underwent extensive soldier training. The future sovereign went through all the ranks especially, starting from something insignificant - the rank of drummer.
Over the years, Petro laid out the battlefields. On the birch of the Yauzi River, a real fort, or “potishna fortress,” was created. The town took away the name of Plesburgh. From that hour the funny soldiers began to attack the fort. The fort was settled throughout the entire world science, due to the deterioration of mortars and new methods of taxation. All these visits extracted the smallest technical knowledge and assistance from military intelligence officers. It was then that the future tsar’s installations began to take shape until the dawn of military illumination.
According to the historian A.M. Nazarov, the quiet regiments of Peter I were needed to prepare future military leaders and soldiers, who would serve easily and blissfully, and would not suffer under an unbearable burden.
Drawing on his great testimony, Petro, together with those closest to him, developed a program of military professional training for young men based on Russian history.
The program included impersonal aspects. So, children between nine and twelve years of age are young to take up gymnastics and games in the fresh air. There were children playing with elements of risk and danger. Funny soldiers in their youth climbed the decks, ditches and pits, and played robbers. In this way, in a mild form, children learned the science of intelligence, developed guard skills, and learned to develop intelligence. For twelve years, funny soldiers, including Peter I, began to shoot from the army, the Volodymyr used the armor and learned the techniques of the army. Obovyazkov was familiar with military technology and learned how to use it correctly.
Petro was of no importance attributing the training of the soldiers to love until death and to the sovereign. The funny soldiers knew well the history of the native land and the possible troubles for the Russian region. The silent regiments of Peter I were famous for their ideal discipline, almost honorable and apologetic comradely spirit.
The silent regiments were now called the Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky regiments. The stench became the smell of the Russian regular army. Already on their first military campaign against the Turkish fort of Azov, the silent regiments showed themselves to be well-disciplined soldiers. They also took part in the Ancient War, where they successfully resisted the well-prepared troops of King Charles XII of Sweden.

Today is the Day of the Russian Guard. The saint appeared in less than 2000 people, and the history of the Russian Guards has already exceeded a quarter of a hundred deaths. Who stinks?

The Russian Guard grew up from the “military amusements” of Peter I. In 1683, he organized the “quiet military” of foreign harmony. The first soldier who enlisted in this new army is considered in history to be Sergiy Bukhvostov. From afar, captain 1st rank Mikola Bukhvostov, died at the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, commanding the guards crew of the battleship “Emperor Oleksandr III”.

“Women’s games of the sweaty armies of Peter I near the village of Kozhukhov”, O. Kivshenko

In 1691, two regiments were created in the “quiet army” - Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky.

“Potishnist” raged against many military formations, the officer corps of which became a reliable support for the reformer tsar.

On the 2nd of June 1700, insults to these regiments were taken away from the honor of being named “Life Guards.” This day is celebrated as the day of the birth of the Russian Guard.

In the same year 1700, the guards went through a battle near Narva, against the Swedes. The battle was not far away for the Russian troops; the offensive regiments did not flinch and steadfastly fought against the Swedish army.

Narva became a legend of the Russian Guard, as it was born “knee-deep in blood.”

"Battle of Narva", A. Kotzebue, XIX century

Initially, the Guard has some advantages over army units. Already in 1722, in the Table of Ranks, guards officers received two ranks of seniority ahead of army officers. Let's say, a young guard officer (ensign) was considered equal in seniority to an army lieutenant (third officer rank).

In Peter's time, it was important for nobles to be enlisted in the guard as rank and file; later, transfers from the army and direct recruitment of non-noble recruits began to be allowed.

"The Russian Guard in Tsarskoe Selo in 1832", F. Kruger, 1841

Even tall people were selected from the guard.

So, under Catherine I. I. the lower threshold of growth was 182.5 cm. These figures are not even clear, but we can guess that the food supply in those days was much higher than the average, and the average (!) growth of the primary infantry recruit and in the 18th century it was close to 160 −162 cm! It’s not surprising that the guardsmen were always called “veletnyas” or “bogatyrs”.

They chose “according to suit”. The Preobrazhenets and Guards Fleet crew were the first to take away the healthiest “bugs”.

Semenivtsi took the bright-eyed blonds. Izmailivtsi - dark-haired.

The Guards Jaegers selected people of “fine design” for themselves. The Moscow regiment collected the ruddy.

"Group of officers and soldiers of the Life Guards Semenivsky Regiment", A. I. Gebens, born 1853

The Guard was distinguished not only by its exterior, but by its excellent training and valor in battle. The most important general battle of the Russian army in Europe was not complete without the participation of the guards.

Such battles as Kunersdorf, Austerlitz, Borodino became part of the service record of the Russian Guard.

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Russian Guard was recognized for its exploits on the battlefield, and became famous in palace coups.

The rulers of the guards officers were Catherine I, Hanna Ioanivna, Hanna Leopoldivna, Elizaveta Petrivna, Catherine I. I. .

The guards took part in the assassination of Emperor Paul I. Among the Decembrists, there were many guard officers.

For this sense, the Russian Guard was a stronghold of the nobility: what is important is that the majority of the officer’s stock was similar to this ball, while among the army officers, at the end of the 19th century, no more than 40% were nobles.

The term “Young Guard” appeared not in the 20th century, but in 1813, when, behind the scenes of the Great Patriotic War, the guard warehouse expanded: it additionally included two grenadier and one cuirassier regiments.

The new regiments began to be called the “Young Guard”, in contrast to the “Old Guard”, which was more privileged (they had a superiority in seniority before the armies of two ranks, and in the young ones only one). Over the years, members of the “young” regiments were transferred to the “old” regiments for the badge of combat.

Semenivtsi on the Kulm field. Photo: Olena Klimenko, club of military-historical reconstruction “Life Guards Semenivsky Regiment”

In 1918, the Radyan government dismissed the Imperial Guard among other “survivals.” The woeful “Chervona Guard” did not fade for a long time: the Chervona Army, which was popularized, was inspired by the democratic spirit, and was recognized by the very idea of “special” troops.

The Radian Guard was born in the spring of the first fate of the Great Victic.

On June 18, 1941, all the rifle divisions, which demonstrated remarkable staunchness and courage at the Battle of Smolensk, rejected the honor of being called “guards.” The war was ended by 17 Guards armies and 215 Guards divisions, as well as 18 Navy ships.

From the very beginning, the “Guards” were respected by mortar units equipped with rocket artillery - “Katyushas”.

The Russian ground forces have a small number of guard units. The most prominent are the Kantemirovskaya tank and Tamanskaya motorized rifle divisions, whose deployment in Moscow has given them the unofficial nickname of “courtiers” within a few hours. All the guards serve through, and the Distant Gathering too.

The Guard (translated from the Italian as “protection, protection”) has been in existence since the hours when humanity began to wage war. The athletes who were decorated with honorary wreaths at the national games - the strongest and most talented youths - were recruited from ancient Sparta. A large part of the military originated from Ancient Greece (sacred squad), Ancient Persia (“corps of immortals”), and Ancient Rome (Praetorians). And through the course of military operations, the stench of the most complex and most advanced tasks was completed.

In Russia, the Guard (Life Guard) was created by Peter I from the military troops at the warehouse of the Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky regiments, which officially took away the name of the Guards from the 1700th century. The prefix “lab” (from the German “body”) in the name of the first and all subsequent Russian guard units was established right up to 1917 and meant: the unit has as its chief a member of the Imperial Guard.

During the first battle, the Russian Guard fought off the Pivnichny War of 1700 - 1721. France 19 leaf fall 1700 in the Battle of Narva, the Swedish troops attacked the Russian regiments, with no little battle evidence, and forced them to reach the bridge over the Narva River. The place was called, and the soldiers lost the crossing. The Life Guards Semenivsky and Preobrazhensky regiments, which acted on the flanks of the army, stood like a wall in front of the advancing Swedes and for three years, knowing the expense, repelled their attacks. The spirit of courage and self-confidence of the guards part of the army was stolen. For this feat, the officers of the regiments were awarded a badge with the inscription “1700 leaf fall 19.” After this battle, Petro ordered the guards to wear red panchos instead of green ones as a sign that they were knee-deep in blood at the crossing.

Later guard regiments took part in other possible battles. In 1702, the Russian Guards captured Noteburg (Gorishok), and at the end of the day, the Swedes were defeated by the Russian Guards around the village of Kalinkinoya, in; 1704 - near Narva. The guards were assigned to Poltava in 1709.

Since its active participation in combat operations, the Guard, until the approval of the military commissions, was in fact a single school for training and education of officer personnel. Here the nobles served as ordinary soldiers, who had long since attained the officer rank. Over the years, the stench reached all the police. Petro himself also wore the Preobrazhensky uniform - a soldier's, bombardier's, and officer's uniform at the gatherings of military officials. Out of the ranks of the first guard regiments came the closest comrades of Peter I - Menshikov, Bruce, and I.

But not only those who attended combat school at the regimental lava could call themselves guards. There was such a award in Russia for special merits: to generals of high rank, which, having been recognized, the sovereign conferred the honorary rank of lieutenant colonel on the Preobrazhensky regiment, at that time he himself became a colonel in that regiment. Such towns, for example, in 1790 were rewarded for the capture of the fort by Izmail A.V. Suvorov.

Until 1722, the Guard was not short of ranks of daily excellence. However, after the Table of Ranks was confirmed, officers of the guard regiments were given seniority of two ranks compared to the army ones.

The guards, vindicated by the special trust of the most powerful individuals and the most prominent individuals in the state, became a serious political force.

Around the time of the reign of Paul I, the number of guards increased significantly. The Life Guards Artillery and Jaeger battalions were created, as well as the regiments: Life Guards Hussar, Life Guards Cossack and Cavalry Guards. The Life Guards garrison battalion was formed from lower ranks who had not been released before field service.

In 1813, the Young Guard emerged from the Old Guard. This name was given to two grenadier regiments and one cuirassier regiment for their battle insignia in the Great Patriotic War of 1812. The officers of these regiments had little superiority in one rank to the army. In 1829, the Finnish Streltsy Battalion was assigned to the Young Guard warehouse. We, like the Grenadier and Pavlovsky regiments of the Life Guards, are granted the rights of the Old Guard for their service in the war with Poland.

In the coming years, the number of guard elements will continue to increase. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian Life Guard consisted of 12 infantry, 4 rifle and 13 cavalry regiments, 3 artillery brigades, an engineer battalion, a naval crew and a number of ships. The Guards took a decisive fate in almost all military attacks of the Russian State. The stinkers have earned fame no less than their Fatherland for their durability and goodness.

The military guards were especially important during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877 - 1878. Just before the capture of Plevna, the first assaults appeared in the distance. The Russian army was hesitant to proceed to a planned invasion. For a complete blockade of this strategically important place, it was necessary to destroy low population centers. This reserve was placed on the Guards Corps. Another Guards Division, the Guards Rifle Brigade and the Guards Sapper Battalion attacked Girsky Dubnyak, while the First Guards Division and the Guards Cavalry covered the attack from the side of Plevna. 30 soldiers of the Finnish regiment decided to escape to the small redoubt and pressed it until reinforcements arrived. Then a company of the Guards Rifle Regiment quickly occupied the Turkish fortifications in front of the ditch that covered the great redoubt of the enemy, and with the growing turmoil at the bayonet attack, they buried them. The guards fought heroically for the liberation of the Bulgarian people from the rich Turkish slavery, demonstrating their courage and bravery. So, the baby was born in 1877. The guards' rangers, covering the passage through the mountains, lost 511 people in battles in just two years, and did not reach a single point.

The first World War, which the guards fought with honor, was a serious test for the Russian Guard. The famous military historian Anton Kersnivsky wrote about them: “The exploits of the Guard at the end of the war were surpassed by their grandfathers during the World War. Tarnavka, Krasnostav and Tresten overshadowed not only Girsky Dubnyak, Warsaw and Varna, but they also overshadowed Frinland, Borodino and Kulm...” Thus, the military traditions of the Russian Guard were born in these trials.

Since the creation of the Guard, the military uniform of the Guards has been a symbol of honor, dignity, discipline, and the expression “honor of the uniform” is the same as “honor earned on the battlefield.” The guards, united in the Russian army, were given not only a red panchokha, but also a white edging. Having respected the integrity of the sailors and guessing the guards' lust about their valiant fate in the naval battles of Peter I. To solve the riddle about the Narva Victory, the officers of the Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky regiments wore special uniforms alni plaques.

The guards sacredly protected the honor of their regiment, according to a long-standing tradition. My regiment was adorned on the battle ensign and was a special subject of pride for every special regiment, and the title assigned to it for the riddle about the battlefields was respected by a prominent figure. The greatest burden of the skin guard was for the shield. and the military ensign of the regiment. These and other glorious traditions of the Russian Guard were continued by the Russian Guard.

Guard Radyansky Army Battle

At all times, a significant ruler is guilty of his mother's power of the guard - this is an attribute that is necessary and prestigious. The kings of Persia had “immortals”, the Caesars were served by the Praetorians, the Byzantine emperors hired Varangians and Slavs, the Scottish kings of the Male Drabantians, the Dukes of Burgundy were protected by “black Walloons”, and their overlords z Valois and Bourbo.

Be it a monarch, ascending the throne, immediately beginning to carry out reforms. In front of us there was a special guard, as it subsided before the leader. The reform was even more basic, since it changed both the monarch and the dynasty itself.

The remaining dynasty of Russian autocrats has become a culprit. The leading thought ascribes merits in the guards and guards' pursuits to Peter the Great. But this does not entirely reflect the truth, since the guards’ squads began to crumble even before Peter’s hours. The first was Mikhailo Fedorovich, who completely trembled the special warehouse of the guard, which was captured from recessions, which was the court streltsy regiment. That’s why the lord conceived the creation of a new special guard.

The process of reform did not continue throughout the entire period of the reign of the Romanov dynasty, which lasted for over three centuries. Varto memorably dwells on a number of important facts and important points.

1. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Moscow elective soldier regiments contributed to the Romanov Guard units.

The first one was formed into 25 rubles of 1642 rock. This was the end of the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich. It lost its popularity as Lefort's infantry regiment (in the name of the regiment commander Lefort, commander of the guards since 1692). On 14 September 1785 the regiment was renamed the Moscow Grenadier Regiment. After 6 years, the regiment was reorganized and became part of the Katerinoslav Grenadier Regiment.

The formation of another regiment follows the same pattern of 1642. They formed 52 companies, each of them had one hundred soldiers and was called Butirsky. 9 Berezny 1914 he became the Life Grenadier Yerevan Regiment of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. The re-formation of the Guards squad took place in 1918.

The third branch was created a hundred years after the formation of the first and the other - in 1692.

2. The initial idea of such regiments was to assume their formation as part of the cadres.

Then, in times of peace, its basis was formed by the “cob” people - from the foreman to the colonel. During the hour of military operations, a new supply of private riflemen was replenished, which made it possible to grow up to several regiments.

The principle of staffing was abandoned, but the unnatural division of regiments in the police continued. Therefore, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd elective regiments consisted of five, six and two regiments.

3. The first elected regiments took part in the Battle of Narva, which took place in 1700 and ended in failure for the Russian army.

One of the side effects of the battle was that the Preobrazhensky and Semenivsky regiments, which were at the warehouse of the 3rd election, achieved the status of the Life Guards. Respect that Preobrazhensky is the oldest Guards regiment. However, from the hour of sleep until 1706, along with the Semyonovsky regiment, they were part of the same military unit, and the command of the regiments was carried out by a single commander. It was initially commanded by Major General A. M. Golovin, and in 1700 he became the first regiment. I. Chambers, who has the same military title.

Historically, the first of illumination was given to the Transfigurations and Simians. However, the version about the “superiority” of the Transfiguration has few arguments, supported by facts from the history of the child. The regiment was condemned by active historians for “rebellion,” which happened on the 16th of June 1820. Regimental commander Schwartz told the military servicemen to take up crafts, and, as evidenced, the soldiers of the leading company complained about the change of commander. The result of such actions was the dismantling of the regiment and all the way from the special warehouse to the Peter and Paul Fort. Semenivtsi was not treated kindly by Radian historians. The stinks were blamed for strangling the rebels of Moscow's soldiers in 1905.

4. The Life Guards police were conceived by Peter I as an effective personnel reserve.

Initially, all guardsmen were placed ahead of the military servicemen of other branches into two ranks. This year this advantage was lost in the officer's department, and later the guard was divided into “old” and “young”. The first one saved a great deal of advantage, while the other one gained just one rank.

At the beginning of the last century, all guards officers had little such advantage. At this time, the Guard had the rank of lieutenant colonel, which was useful for captains, who immediately became colonels.

5. The beginning of the twentieth century became the culmination of the development of Russian guard lust.

Now there were 12 infantry and 4 rifle regiments and another additional company. From this date, 12 regiments (the Semenivsky and Preobrazhensky regiments) were initially created as guards, other units were awarded a similar status for their merits.

In 1914, three infantry divisions and one rifle brigade were created from these guard units. The participation of the Guards in the First World War became the greatest tragedy in their history. The main operations in which it showed itself during the first part of the war were Lyublinska, Warsaw-Ivangorodska, Czestochowa-Krakivska. In 1915, the Guards troops took part in the battles of Lomzhey, Kholm, Vilno, and in the coming years they fought for Kovel, Volodymyr-Volinsky and on the banks of Stohodi. In 1917, the Russian Guards took an active part in the Galician operation.

The fragments of the Guards' squads were destroyed like shock fire, and the waste carried a colossal stench. The First Military Rik took the life of 30% of the officer's stock, and up to 80% of soldiers and non-commissioned officers died.

6. At the beginning of the last century, the most important Great Russian provinces started recruiting the Guard troops.

In order to reach the elite troops, it was necessary to obtain evidence from the local police that they had verified the applicant’s trustworthiness. And the police recruits were distributed according to their status.

For Preobrazhensky, tall blondes were suitable, and in order to reach the 3rd and 5th mouth, blondes had a small beard.
For Semyonovsky, tall brown-haired women were needed.
Izmailovsky and Grenadiersky were staffed with brunettes, and in the company of Yogo Majesty there was a need for brunettes with solid beards.
Lithuanian selected tall blondes, Kexholmsky had smooth-shaven brown-haired men, and St. Petersburg attracted brunettes, inclusive.
The most democratic parts respected Yegersky, Volinsky and Finnish. They could serve people with any color of hair, or even a light figure.
The special warehouse of the rifle regiments was selected according to this very principle. The first one was served by very blonde people, the other one was brunette, and the fourth one was served by people with short noses.

Military training of parts of the army and guards took place according to uniform standards and few specific disciplines.

Striletska. The soldiers went through a basic course, acquired the skill of field precautions, learned to measure the distance to targets, and conducted basic and combat shooting.
Infantry training for commanders was carried out.
Engineer. Their goals are mastered self-examination, masking and, therefore, primitive fortification engineering.
Vedennya bagnetichnogo battle.
Physical training. Before the army squads, she came from the military guards. Before it, all kinds of exercises, field gymnastics, running, and marches were included. Group rights also stagnated, and in 1908 football appeared in them.

7. Changes at the names of the regiments were carried out including the reign of Paul I.

During the history of the Guards infantry, many of them have had their names changed. On September 24, 1914, through the renaming of the capital, the St. Petersburg Regiment retook the name of Petrogradsky.

On June 12, 1817, the Lithuanian regiment took over from Moscow, and on the basis of its third company a new regiment was formed, which was given a lot of money.

In 1855, the Jaeger Regiment was given a new name - Gatchinsky, and 15 years later the name was renewed. There is a legend that explains this fact. The renewal of the name of the regiment is associated with the guilt of a wise general, whose prototype is called Ivan Gavrilovich Chekmaryov. When the Emperor looked at him with the words: “Hello, old Jaeger!”, he quickly confirmed: “I am not an old Jaeger, but a young Gatchina resident!” Everything is more like a historical anecdote, but so far no one has caught it.

8. Call the place of deployment of guard elements to St. Petersburg. For the 3rd Guards Division, the base was eventually set to Warsaw. This division was created with the support of the Guards Brigade of the Polish Corps and consisted of four regiments.

9. The well-deserved guardsmen could not avoid the penalty for the bastard.

After the rise of the Decembrists, in 1826, the formation of the Life Guards Regiment was formed. Previously, military servicemen from the lower ranks and the officer ranks were killed, who took an active part in the stabbing. According to the bureaucratic canons of that time, the stinks were respected “who accidentally fell into guilt.” The regiment was formed by a number of battalions from the Grenadier, Moscow and Carabineer (initial) regiments.

The creations of these creatures were hastily sent to the Caucasus, so that in battles against the Persian armies, the penalty officers would wipe away with their blood the grave offense against the Fatherland. At the beginning of two years, the regiment was actively recruited by the servicemen, who were already plotting their fate at the banner chest protrusion.

Just at the end of 1828, the guard squadron returned to the capital, and the battalions that formed it joined their home regiments.

10. For a long time there have been jokes about the seniority of the guard regiments, and what kind of their formation will remain.

The Superechkas welcome the renewal of the guard units during the hour of the Gromadyansk War. Historians tend to assign this title to the Palatsov Company Grenadier ( picture in the post header), approved on the 2nd of June 1827. After the cruel fate of 1917, they were called the St. George Grenadier, and on the 4th cruelty of 1921 they were re-formed.