Another abstract from the military department.

1. Engineering industry, recognition

2. Combat engineering department

2.1 Engineering intelligence of the enemy and locality

2.2 Fortification of positions, districts, control points

2.3 Vlastuvannya and utimannya engineering fences and vyrobnitstvo ruinuvan. Installation and disposal of nuclear mines and landmines.

2.4 Reduction and destruction of enemy nuclear mines. There are holes and cracks in passages near fenced-in areas and ruins. Control of passages through crossings. Distribution of locality and objects

2.5 Preparation and morning of the army, transport and evacuation

2.6 Possession and strengthening of crossings when forcing water crossings

2.7 Engineers go to mask military and objects

2.8 Engineering approaches to upgrade the military’s combat capability and eliminate the legacy of enemy nuclear strikes

2.9 Types of water purification and water supply points

2.10 Other things

3. Structure of the engineering departments

3.1 Staff of the engineer-sapper company of the tank regiment (ISRP TP)

3.2 Staff of the engineer-sapper company of the motorized rifle regiment (ISR MSP)

4. Military engineering terminology

List of references

Enter

Military engineers are a very prominent branch of the military. We are at the forefront of the engineering industry - at the forefront. Engineers march at the same time as motorized gunners and tanks, and often before them. Not surprisingly, in Peter’s Table of Ranks, officers of the engineering forces stood one rank higher for infantry and cavalry.

Few people know that the military engineers themselves were the first to master new methods of warfare and were introduced into the army’s arsenal. The engineering troops were seen in the independent family: military forces, military forces, automobile troops, and tank troops. And it seems absolutely fantastic to say that aviation was born in the midst of the engineering forces. And this time it’s like that. The long-term creation and combat vikoristan of the airborne, and then the aeroplane corrals, was placed on the engineering forces itself. Right up until the end of the First World War, aviation units were no longer owned by the Head Engineering Directorate.

It seems unnoticeable in the history of the Great Vitchinian War that at the beginning of 1942 ten sapper armies were formed. Behind one sapper army on the skin front. In 1943, the rank of marshals and head marshals was introduced not only for aviation, tankers, artillery, but also for engineering troops.

The first military school in Russia for training officers was the school of the Pushkar Order, founded in 1701. This school trained artillery officers and engineering officers. Among the infantry and cavalry, the first military-initial assets will be the cadet corps, which will open in just 30 years.

Military engineers were born, for the needs of artillery, in the depths of the artillery and until the beginning of the 19th century they were their warehouse.

1. Engineering industry, recognition

Military engineers are assigned to the highest level of combat engineering.

The Combat Statute of the Ground Forces interprets the concept of “Engineer Forces” as follows:

"Engineering support is one of the types of combat safety. Engineering support of military combat operations is organized and carried out in order to create all the necessary intelligence for immediate and secret hanging, throating, maneuver , their successful completion of combat missions, the advancement of the defense of military and objects of all types defeats, to inflict losses on the enemy, to complicate the enemy’s actions.

Engineering security includes:

engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, locality and objects;

fortification of positions, borders, regions, points of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

Budovu and the morning of engineering barriers and the production of ruins;

installation and control of nuclear mines and landmines;

the depletion and destruction of the enemy's nuclear mines;

the opening and destruction of passages in fenced-in and ruined baths;

Budova passing through Pereshkodi;

distribution of locality and objects;

preparation and morning of the military routes, transportation and evacuation;

possession and replacement of crossings when forcing water crossings;

Engineers go to mask military and objects;

Engineers are approaching to update military combat capabilities and eliminate the legacy of enemy nuclear strikes;

type of water purification, possession of water supply points.

Engineering security tasks are completed in parts and subdivisions of all branches of military and special military forces. They independently create spores to control the fire, be careful, and protect the special equipment and technology; cover up with mine-vibukh barriers and mask their positions and areas of expansion; pave and signify roads for the Rukh; stop barking and crossing; force the water membranes.

Military engineers construct complex engineering supply systems that require special preparation of a special warehouse, storage of engineering equipment and specific engineering ammunition. In addition, they damage the enemy’s technology and special skills with mine-vibukhov and nuclear-mine methods.”

2. Combat engineering department

2.1 Engineering intelligence of the enemy and locality

Vidomo Wislav “It was smooth on the paper, and they forgot about the storms.” This is not a sacred aphorism, but a summation of fortune telling to the rich commanders of the hours of the past and today. Historical fact - one of the reasons for Napoleon’s defeat in the Battle of Waterloo was the death of the cuirassier division in the ravine along the path of a quick attack on the English flank. Welington covered the flank of the army with rage. Napoleon could not see this tier, and it was believed that the English commander had “badly” deprived us of an open flank for an attack. At full gallop, the French cuirassiers flew into this yar, and most of them were rocked and driven in. The attack was canceled.

It is possible to direct hundreds of butts, if the lack of engineering intelligence revealed the best ideas of the commanders, redirected the advancing troops on the enemy's mark.

Engineering exploration of locality is carried out in a variety of ways and methods (investigation of locality using a map, aerial photographs, military-geographical descriptions; surveillance, engineering-reconnaissance patrols, etc.).

The result of engineering exploration of locality is a nutritional statement about the passage of locality for a special type of technology, about the possibility of masking a special type of technology (both one’s own and others). Why do we need to remove information about the relief of the area (for example, the steepness of the hills); visibility and capacity of roads; about the possibility of falling on the roads (whether the terrain is not swampy, nor the deep snow, nor the fury); about the presence of water crossings (rivers, streams, lakes, flood zones); about the density of forests and their risk of fire.

It is necessary to carefully consider and understand how the resolution of combat missions can be implemented. Without it, the most cunning battle plans will simply turn out to be plans and the military will be defeated.

Naturally, the enemy is also seizing territory and trying to complicate the actions of our troops. For which the enemy is making low approaches to destroy the capabilities of the army of our troops. Vine is in ruins and prepares roads, bridges, rowing, wet forest heaps before ruining, eroding anti-tank ditches, lash barricades, installing mine fields, disposing of pillboxes, bunkers, armored tanks, driving trenches ї. Engineering intelligence can reveal the enemy's approaches and predict the enemy's approach.

The methods of conducting engineering reconnaissance depend on the type of battle or maneuver that may be carried out (offensive, defense, retreat, march). To carry out engineering reconnaissance in units and sub-units, engineer observation posts (INP), engineer reconnaissance patrols (IRD), photographic posts (PF), engineering reconnaissance groups (IG) can be organized. RG), clay reconnaissance groups (GGR), helicopter patrols (VD), Radar monitoring posts (RPN) To carry out engineering reconnaissance, a special creation for this machine will be created, for example, an IPM engineering reconnaissance machine.

Designate these posts and groups to create engineering units of a motorized rifle (tank) division, corps, army, front. Motorized rifle (tank) police and engineering intelligence battalions rely heavily on primary intelligence and groups. For this purpose, the group includes soldiers and sergeants of the engineer-sapper company of the regiment.

A very simple butt - a green field lies on the path of a tank regiment’s advance. The regiment commander is noisy - let’s pass the tanks there. Engineering intelligence can provide accurate and unambiguous evidence - so no. Even under the green grass, you can catch anti-tank mines or an impassable swamp. What will happen if the intelligence service has mercy, it is difficult to transfer. And how can we reconnoitre the axis, which is the field under the gun of numerous enemy snipers and machine gunners, mortar and artillery fire? Sappers reveal their guilt, risk their lives, recognize their losses and, make decisions, give accurate evidence. Under the fire of the enemy, sappers are afraid to pass through the enemy’s mines and lay a path through the swamp. The regiment achieves success. All glory to the tank crews. Aje stinks won biy. What about saperi? They forgot about them again, although the regiment would contribute significant peace to them with its success.

2.2 Fortification of positions, districts, control points

Fortification is one of the most important elements of combat engineering. This includes the acquisition of trenches for riflemen, combat equipment, the acquisition of shelters for equipment, shelters for special warehouses, procurement routes (trenches), the acquisition of guardhouses and command and control points.

A significant part of the work from the fortification facility consists of a special warehouse for motorized rifle (tank) sub-units and sub-units of other military forces. The role of the simplest forts in achieving victory in battle is even greater. It can be said that spending in the fire of the enemy in the fire is equal to that of the unprepared in 4-6 times, and in the case of a nuclear explosion in 10-15 times.

Work on the fortification begins immediately after the construction of the fire in this area and the organization of the fire system. The stench continues for the entire hour while the pest occupies the area. These jobs are very labor intensive and take a lot of hours. Let me tell you what to do in a submachine gunner’s trench for prone shooting from 25 to 40 hvilin. To create a trench for a tank, you need to move up to 28 m3. earth. If you consider that the tank crew consists of three individuals, then the skin from the tankers can move 9 cubic meters. To the ground. One person per year, working in the middle ground, can move up to 1 cubic meter. This means that it will take 10 to 30 years to manually build a trench for a tank. Ale tse togo varte. A tank in a trench successfully deals with three enemy tanks that are advancing.

In a number of situations (pre-occupation with defense, proximity of a primary opponent, etc.) there is no time for this. To speed up the establishment of positions, military engineers are required. So, the engineer-sapper company of a tank regiment for these purposes has nine BTUs (a bulldozer mounted on a tank), then. one BTU per tank company. This possession allows you to open one tank trench for 30 hours (plus another 5 man-years with robotic shovels). In addition, in the engineering company there is a PZM machine (regimental earth-moving machine) for digging trenches, pits for dugouts, buttresses, shelters for equipment. It drives the trench at a speed of up to 300 meters per year with a pit excavation capacity of 150 cubic meters. for a year (for digging – an excavator over 40). The capabilities of the engineer-sapper battalion of the division are rich. In addition, the front is formed by one or three specialized fort battalions. There, there are machines of the BTM type (Fig. 2), which dig a trench with a speed of up to 900 meters per year; MDK, like a trench for a tank, is dug in 8-10 hours.

Fig.2 Shvidkisna trench machine (BTM).

1-lift winch; 2-ladles with teeth; 3-divach soil; 4-conveyor;
5-tooth rack; 6- track roller; 7-cleaning shoe (a device that cleans the bottom of the trench); 8- rotor support roller; 9- mowing machine;
10-rotor; 11 - gearbox.

To ensure the possibility of quick installation of closures for a special warehouse, engineers are preparing not only earth-moving equipment, but also preparing sets of elements for dugouts and bushings, as well as for sawmills. with special tools for work at the cutting edge or nearby. They also have the ability and ability to conquer these defenses and trenches right under enemy fire. For example, a trench charge (OZ) allows, with the help of a straight vibukh, to open a trench for a shooter for standing shooting (with a depth of 1 m. 10 cm) using the vibukh method in 2-3 hours.

A large number of other spores are spores around the trenches and shelters near the defense area of ​​motorized rifle and tank units and artillery. In front of us, there are guards and command-guard points, which are erected in front of the protected and trenches (for example, a guarded guard point is a dugout with a periscope installed in the middle; from the top of the regiment commander’s command post - this is a trench with middle for officers at headquarters, decal for radio stations). one butt).

2.3 Vlastuvannya and utimannya engineering fences and vyrobnitstvo ruinuvan. Installation and disposal of nuclear mines and landmines.

The installation and strengthening of engineering barriers is one of the main tasks of engineering forces. This part of the combat activity of the engineering forces is well known throughout the world. In front of us, after installing mine fields. Mineral fields play an important role in protecting military positions from enemy attacks. The most recent evidence of the conduct of war shows that this danger can even spill over into the enemy’s affairs. Minis do not so much inflict real harm on the enemy as they inflict on the psyche of a special type. Evidence shows that it is enough to keep two or three tanks at the mines to completely disrupt the attack of a tank company. Before the war in Afghanistan, there was enough fuel for one vehicle at a time, so that the fluidity of our military colony was reduced to 1-2 kilometers per year. Then the fluidity of the ruk was indicated by the task of sappers to check the road to the mine. In combat statutes, the term “mine war” is low. Massive stagnation will not completely paralyze the combat activity of enemy troops on this or other territory.

At this time, there is a growing concern because the development of technology and electronics allows us to do things that are not reasonable. This is a reality that mine does not react to a soldier of its army, a civilian, but rather responds when an enemy soldier is nearby and swells at the most important moment. In addition, today there is no sufficiently reliable way to identify mines and, once identified, there are no ways to reliably exterminate them. They can recognize the significance of the mark, they can adjust the multiplicity (miss a lot of targets and then swell). Minis can be transferred to a combat or safe position via a radio signal, or self-liquidate. To install minor fields or adjacent mines, it is not obligatory for a sapper to be present at the installation site. Minis can be placed remotely (thrown at enemy territory using additional artillery and aviation). Minami can cover even large areas of the front in very short terms. Just as the sapper company could lay one kilometer of a minefield in a single hour, then in a year up to 10-15 km.

In the recent past, in order to install mines in front of their front line, sappers had to go to neutral ground at night and install mines under enemy fire. It is often possible to get caught up in the design of remote communication systems. However, these systems install me on the ground, which allows the enemy to often detect and destroy me.

Minny fields must not only be established, but also eliminated. Before replacing the mine field, control over your camp, installing new mines, replacing those that have swelled, protecting the field from being disturbed by the enemy, fencing the field with signs so that your cars do not crash at the mines, or a special warehouse, now learning these signs, translating them fields in Bojovo. or a safe camp (since the whole mine field is set up like a kerovane), by opening and closing the passages near the mine field, allowing your troops to pass through the passages.

Some fields of motorized infantry and tank units can be installed themselves, but this type of combat action must be specific, requiring special knowledge, and therefore, these fields are usually dealt with only by military engineers. For the deployment of the engineer-sapper company of the motorized rifle regiment (tank regiment), there is a sapper platoon, which includes three main mine fencers (PMZ) and three Ural or KAMAZ vehicles. A platoon can install a one kilometer anti-tank mine in 15-20 kilometers. The developed engineering forces include anti-tank, anti-anti-tank, missile defense (for the elimination of other spores), motor vehicles (for the elimination of motor roads), airborne vehicles, anti-landing forces (for Mining of water crossings), protilitakni (mining of airfields), mini-pastors , mini-Surprises.

A special type of engineering mine is nuclear landmines. In modern engineering forces, there are nuclear landmines with a capacity of approximately 60 kg. and the pressure is 500t. up to 2 thousand tons TNT equivalent. Behind the help of nuclear landmines, it is not the tactical ones that are in charge, but the great operational-strategic departments. With this help, the great darkness of nuclear-mine fences is created, even great bridges, rowing, hydrovozles, and salvage voyages are created.

We are not limited by the combat standstill of the engineering forces. Engineers are fighting and invisible barriers (spiky or cutting drizzles, anti-tank ditches, scarps and counter-scarps, barricades, blockages on the roads, swampy and flooded areas), create a variety of ruins to make it difficult for the enemy to penetrate ( destruction of roads, bridges; destruction of infrastructure (deterioration of infrastructure, sludge and road spores, water supply systems, gas supply, electricity supply, tanks with fire, oil industry). other engineering ammunition (charges of varying strength and methods of activation).

Forced destruction and destruction of military engineers not only occur on their own territory in preparation for defense, but also on the enemy’s territory in order to complicate the enemy’s combat operations, inflicting costs and labor on them. threads or make it impossible to maneuver (exit, transfer of parts to dangerous plots, delivery of ammunition , approach of reserves).

Most often, the main tasks of squadrons and parts of the airborne troops and special forces squadrons are the creation of the minds of successful Viconnian engineering troops to subdue the enemy. For example, the special forces are waiting for a few years and leaving an important place so that the sappers can destroy him.

2.4 Reduction and destruction of enemy nuclear mines. There are holes and cracks in passages near fenced-in areas and ruins. Control of passages through crossings. Distribution of locality and objects

All this comes directly to those who have found out more. Vlasna, in which there lies a direct conflict between the engineering forces of the anti-fight armies. Some will be washed, others will be crushed; Some will be fenced off, others will be fenced off.

Well, the idea of ​​stopping nuclear mines arose within the walls of NATO from the late sixties to the early seventies. The brilliant operation of the Radyan Army with the occupation of Czechoslovakia from Serpnya in 1968 showed that the USSR could carry out a “blitzkrieg”; That the military NATO will not be able to respond to the blow of the Radyan Army, that it is possible to concentrate the strike forces in a very strong manner, and to create a rush to advance to any point in Europe.

So that I can stop the expansion of the Radian Army, and so that the NATO forces flare up, it was decided to create a nuclear-mine belt behind the borders of the FRN. It was expected that when all the charges in this belt were energized at the same time, a zone of radioactive contamination would be created, which would ensure the ability to reduce the penetration of the Radyan army by two or three additional units. What time is the time to start working to clear the throat of the NATO shock groupings.

The research and reduction of the enemy's nuclear mines was stopped by the engineering forces. Before the speech, in connection with this, the creation of the Radyan Army of special forces units began. They were initially created in order to discover the location of the installation of nuclear mines, to secure a special warehouse of control points and to ensure that the engineering forces could reduce or damage nuclear mines.

At this time, both the installation and the reduction of nuclear mines have lost their relevance. Zastosuvannya of nuclear mines on both sides under great nutrition. The engineering and sapper battalion of the tank (motorized rifle) division, as before, maintains a platoon of reconnaissance and reduction of nuclear land mines (VRUYAF) at its warehouse.

The main tasks of the engineering forces of this Galusia, as in the rocks of Another World War, are to open passages in mine fields and fenced areas of the enemy, clear the rubble and ruin to ensure the collapse of their troops, the growth new localities, buildings, roads, airports, railway stations, streets, etc. .P.

This is exactly the same as the combat activity of the engineering troops, if it seems: “For the engineering troops, the war will not end for a while.” After the end of the war, a large number of small fields, replacement objects, artillery shells that did not explode, and bombs will be lost. All this poses a threat to the livelihoods of the civilian population, and the destruction of objects and locality is unbearable. In times of peace, one of the main tasks of the engineering forces is to alleviate insecurity. Vikonannya has been dragging on for more than a decade.

In the military minds, the attack is launched by the military engineers themselves. They will open up passages in the enemy's fences in front of their front line and in the depths of the defense, and ensure that motorized riflemen and tankers move forward. At the end of the Great German War, perhaps, the only way to pass through the mine fields was to manually remove mines by sappers the night before the attack. The very full German sapper on the night of June 5, 1943 allowed Marshal Zhukov to mark the exact date of the Hitlerite attack on the Kursk Duse.

There are very few ways to make passages in the enemy’s mine fields. So, to clear passages, the engineer-sapper company of a tank regiment uses three KMT-5M (knife) trawls and 27 KMT-6 (knife) trawls. These trawls are hung on tanks that can clear mine fields, and in their tracks other tanks.

In addition, the division's engineer battalion can install UR-67 and UR-77 missiles. They can easily be armored vehicles that carry missiles with hoses attached to them, as if filled with a vibrator. Before the attack begins, these machines launch rockets that throw hoses with a vibrator onto the mine fields. When these hoses vibrate, the passages detonate and open. Further, the disengagement installations are pushed into the battle formations of tanks and, when mine fields are detected near the depths of the enemy’s defense, passages are opened in them.

To line military anti-tank ditches, water crossings up to 20 meters wide, military engineers operate their ordered MT-55 type tank bridges. This machine is based on a tank, which allows the animal to replace the tank's metal metal place with a 20 m installation. In 2-3 weeks, the crew of the vehicle installs the place without leaving the vehicle.

For wider transitions, the engineering industry carries out the important mechanization of TMM places (Fig. 3). These are 4 KRAZ-255 vehicles with 10 meters of bridge with rigid supports placed on each of them. For 20 hvilins TMM can install a 40 meter water line.

Fig.3 Heavy mechanized bridge laying machine (TMM).

1 - exit position of the bridge laying; 2.3-sequential opening of the folding bridge.

To carry out passages through the rubble, the engineer-sapper company uses one heavy-duty BAT-2 bulldozer to carry the regiment. In the building, lay a column with a speed of up to 5 km/year.

2.5 Preparation and morning of the army, transport and evacuation

The usual measure of the roads that have arisen in the hour, obviously, does not satisfy the needs of the military. First of all, this line is visible to the enemy, and therefore under constant surveillance, targeted, and constructed on it. In other words, direct roads often do not correspond to the progress of the military and their tasks. For example, the defense of a regiment behind the statute covers a front of 10-15 kilometers. To secure the delivery of food, ammunition, evacuate the wounded, and maneuver the detached regiment, one route (road) is required along the front at a distance of 4-6 kilometers from the front edge at a distance of 15-18 km, and the front regiment (with till the leading edge) dozhina 10 15 km . In addition, there are required roads to the areas of battalion defense and company strongholds.

The military engineers are preparing to take revenge. Obviously, these are not the same roads that people called in peacetime. Most often, it is designated directly to the river with wet crossings through important passage places (crossing ravines, streams, smoothed steep slopes and descents, passages in rubble). The lining and replacement of roads is of particular importance during the winter hour. Just as great is the ability of the rulers to become a mask for these nobles. The growth of the opponent of the border of nobles means the growth of the entire defense system of our troops.

For the highest level of responsibility, the regiment’s engineering and sapper company is equipped with BAT-2 track-laying equipment, chainsaws and other tools.

Remember what to do in the area of ​​artillery, mortar fire, or even enemy rifle fire. During periods of active enemy action, the highest level of missions may be assigned to the engineer battalion of the division's IMR vehicle. The base of the machine is a tank, which is equipped with a heavy bulldozer and a manipulator (mechanical arm) with a capacity of 2 tons.


2.6 Possession and strengthening of crossings when forcing water crossings

One of the most difficult tasks during the onset of war is the forcing (underwater) of water crossings (rivers, lakes, drainage basins). Encourage the enemy to be victorious as the basis of the defense line. Even more often than not, the force of the water crossings began the attack of the army, but with the exit to the water crossing it ended.

With the appearance of amphibious armored personnel carriers and combat vehicles in our armed forces, the need to force the water crossings to be particularly wide has not become easier. The military already has a lot of equipment that is not capable of sailing, but without it it is impossible to carry out a further offensive (tanks, artillery guns, motor vehicles, etc.). The banks of the rivers will not always allow floating vehicles to go down to the water or drive ashore.

For the highest order of possession and smooth crossings, engineers are required. For these purposes there are airborne crossing battalions, pontoon-bridge battalions and police, bridge battalions and police.

The ferry landing battalions are armed with PTS-2 tracked amphibious transporters. This vehicle can, at a speed of 10 km/year, cross a water crossing of any width 72 meters, or loaded with a caliber of up to 203 mm, or a vehicle of the Ural type. Vantage capacity of PTS-2 on water is 10 tons. This car can sail in the sea with a windage of up to 4 points.

To transport tanks, self-propelled vehicles and other tracked vehicles with a load of up to 52 tons through water crossings, GSP tracked self-propelled ports (Mal. 5).

Fig.5 Tracked self-propelled porosity (GSP).

1- ramp on the right side of the ferry; 2 - chaven of the right side of the ferry; 3-wire machine on the right side of the ferry; 4 flexible shield; 5 - equipment to be transported.

These vehicles are on the march in a straight line near the tank column and are in danger of transporting important equipment. Speed ​​afloat 10 km/year. A tank that is on the move can lead a fire.

To cross water crossings up to 227 meters wide, military engineers maintain a well-ordered PMP pontoon fleet. The set of this fleet, which can be transported on 32 Kraz vehicles, requires a floating vessel with a capacity of 60 tons and a capacity of 227 meters or a capacity of 20 tons, a capacity of 382 meters. To transport troops through wider webs, pontoons can be collected from these pontoons in different capacities (from 10 to 300 tons). To tow these boats, the pontoon battalion has 12 boats.

For the control of stationary crossings, crossings across the bridges, and where floating equipment is impossible to stagnate, installations of USM bridges are used, which allow the use of 60-ton trees. places on finger supports with a speed of up to 60 meters per year.

There are pontoon parks (PPS) in the engineering military, which allow you to build pontoon bridges across rivers.

All these developments of engineering forces in peacetime are constantly working for the purpose of people, material benefits, and in the hour of succession.

2.7 Engineers go to mask military and objects

Masking is the name given to a complex of approaches that call for the enemy to discover the place of retrenchment of our troops, the deeds and the deeds of our troops, or to deceive the enemy by the numbers, deception, detours, and deeds of our troops. The method of masquerading is to force the enemy to dismantle his troops in the most unviable way, in places that are invisible to him, to force the enemy to launch strikes in empty places, to expose the enemy to the attacks of our troops.

Masking can often play a vital role in achieving success in battle, in winning the entire battle. If the command of the Red Army managed to fully appreciate the role of camouflage and widely flared masculine approaches in the preparation of combat operations, then they managed to achieve great successes.

Thus, by conducting visits, it was possible to capture the Germans from the left bank of the Volga to Stalingrad, which allowed a large number of troops to be transferred and concentrated near the place in a short hour. The reports from their intelligence officers about the concentration of Radian troops near the site were considered by the German command as disinformation. They knew that the command of the Red Army could not transfer a large army there, and the new plant that was transferred was reliably captured by German air reconnaissance.

During the hour of preparing the defense on the Kursk Duse, the army’s engineers created quite a lot of powerful objects (lines of trenches, tank trenches, airfields, roads, places of defense of troops, tanks, artillery ii). German intelligence officers and air reconnaissance, having encountered these dangerous objects in a number of ways, informed their command, and the High Command of the Wehrmacht believed that the Red Army would guess about our intentions mtsiv to strike near Kursk, trying to lead them into deception and create hostility to the Rad enough. near Kursk. In the meantime, the Red Army created a great grouping of troops there, but it was captured in the middle of a great number of military objects.

Therefore, masking should be divided into strategic, operational and tactical. Engineers of the military will continue to perform their share of masking operations. For this purpose, in the RGK (reserves of the head command) there are masked battalions. One such battalion, with the help of obvious benefits, can be raised to the level of a tank corps.

So, for example, one car can transport up to 20 inflatable gum tanks. Such a humic tank is inflated in 5-7 minutes from a car compressor and inflates without delay from a distance of 200-300 m. It looks right, and the metallic barrage gives the same icon on the locator screen as the refueling tank. This vehicle can be towed by inflated tanks, preventing the enemy from hanging two tank companies. A simulator, the installations on which vehicle is created in the air of the enemy radio exchange of a tank colony.

Masculine measures move step by step at the end. On the other hand, modern methods of optical reconnaissance make it possible to clearly see individual greens on natural aphids, but it is no longer possible to capture the boundaries of an object. It is no longer possible for Tim to seize the pontoon place on the river. Once you have lit a bunch of milk bridges and the middle of them, it’s very easy to grab the right one. The enemy of the disturbances will dilute his forces to reduce all bridges in the future, which will dramatically change the effectiveness of the strikes.

In the developed engineering forces there are various simulators of radio-frequency signals, simulators of infraworm-promoting objects, radar eliminators, easy-to-assemble sets of detergents objects (techniques, construction, bridges). For example, a masked airfield platoon, on its own, on an unprepared basis, in 1-2 increments, burns up a heavy military airfield with an imitation base on a new military air division. Moreover, there are not only ground-based objects and flights on the ground, but also flying flights near the airfield.

The battle is not limited to the confrontation of attack and defense methods, but also the confrontation of reconnaissance and camouflage methods. If you don’t know where to strike, but the enemy knows where your strength is, then, as you say, you will lose the fight.

2.8 Engineering approaches to upgrade the military’s combat capability and eliminate the legacy of enemy nuclear strikes

This work of the engineering forces, fortunately, never had to be wasted. The singing world of this war can be matched with the work of the military forces of the Ministry of Taxes in areas of earthquakes, fires, great fires, soil collapses, avalanches, man-made disasters, plus radioactive contamination of the area. Only for accurate alignment you need to identify everything as it is at the same time. But this legacy must disappear in the minds of military operations and in the minds of the most acute shortage of times.

If these items are distributed in their warehouses, then the location of these warehouses includes: engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, locality and objects; renewal and diminution of engineering fences; the opening and destruction of passages in fenced-in and ruined baths; Budova passing through Pereshkodi; renewal and diminution of the routes of the military movement, transportation and evacuation; renewal and strengthening of water crossings; Engineers go to mask military and objects; etc. zavdannya

2.9 Types of water purification and water supply points

We immediately ordered the work of the water supply services, but all attempts to transfer this task to them immediately led to the end of the supply of water. So it happened in 1939 in the battles on the Khalkhin-Gol River, during the hour of the Radyan-Finnish War of 1940, and so it happened in 1945 during the Russian Radian army through the Gobi desert. Finally, it was decided that supplying drinking water to the army is not a matter of sewage, but of combat security, because The lack of water until the end of the third harvest led to great expenses in the special warehouse.

One should not think that feeding the water and purifying the water plays a vital role either in the minds of the desert or in the minds of the Arctic in the winter. For people who have known before that at any moment they can open the tap and clean drinking water flows out, or at the very end take a bucket and drink with them to the well, it is important to identify the problem of drinking water for themselves. If only you could see a village with one well, until the end of your regiment. One soldier needs 8 to 15 liters of drinking water per day. The regiment manages approximately 8-10 tons of clean water for production. The crisis continues in the early days, and people need to drink, eat, and bathe. Where should I get water? It’s not just water that you need, but pure, nutritious water.

To achieve this task, military engineers have at their disposal a large arsenal of technical techniques for water treatment and purification. For the production of water from underground, for drilling units and drilling manual devices (MTK) for drilling holes up to 8 meters deep and pumping water from them. To create mechanized devices for drilling holes with depths of up to 200 m, various devices (pumps) for raising water. To purify water, there are small-sized filters that provide clean water to the different parts in the middle positions.

To ensure the supply of water to the regiment, the engineering and sapper company maintains a field water supply department at its warehouse, as it does on its equipped MAFS or VFS-2.5 vehicle. The MAFS machine is designed to purify 5 tons of water per year, regardless of cob contamination (it also purifies water from radioactive contamination). For localities where there is no brine or unsalted water, there is a POU machine capable of desalinating up to 400 liters of sea water per year.

2.10 Other things

In addition to the highest priority task of combat engineering, the military's engineering forces are also tasked with supplying other types of military equipment with entrenching tools, electrical equipment (such as light batteries and batteries to supercharged atoms). them power plants), supplying parts and products with electricity. For this purpose, the engineering forces are constructing super-superheater power plants with a capacity ranging from 500 watts to 5 megawatts.

3. Structure of the engineering departments

At this time, the engineering forces of the Russian Army are composed of units and units that are included in the warehouse of motorized rifle (tank) regiments and divisions; engineering units that are included in the warehouse of army corps, armies, districts, as well as engineering units that are directly subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia.

The motorized rifle (tank) regiment has an engineer and sapper company (ISR).

The motorized rifle (tank) division has an engineer battalion (ISB). The army corps also has an engineer battalion, and its staff and capabilities are much wider than those of the ISB division.

The army is confined to the warehouse and military commands, and to the theater of military operations it can be either one ISB squad or an engineer regiment (ISP). In addition, the army can produce a pontoon-bridge battalion (OPOMB), a number of specialized battalions.

However, most often specialized engineering battalions and police, as well as brigades, are lost in the district and central subordination, being dispersed throughout the districts. These engineering parts are expected to be deployed in those areas where they are most likely to stagnate. Ce pontoon police (OPOMP), ferry landing battalions (ODESPB), engineer assault and de-fence battalions (IBSHIR), engineer-fencing battalions (OIZB), mask battalions (OMB), bridge battalions, road battalions), engineering and fortification battalions ( OІFB), battalions and roti of field water supply; platoon, company and battalions of special forces, developed and parts of the dismantling of locality, developed and parts of special forces.

In a number of episodes, engineering units are reduced to engineering teams. There are no more engineering brigades being formed in the engineering forces, and their foundation is incomplete. For example, an engineering team for eliminating the legacy of nuclear accidents is stationed near the nuclear power plant.

3.1 Staff of the engineer-sapper company of the tank regiment (ISRP TP)

The engineer-sapper company of the tank regiment is assigned to the combat support divisions and is assigned to the assignment of the combat support engineering regiment (Diagram 1).

The direct commander of the company is the head of the regiment's engineering service, who is directly subordinate to the regiment commander. Fortification - the branch of military-engineering science, which deals with the theory and practice of thorough knowledge of combat engineering methods.

Military fortification dispute - The main purpose of fortification of the territory.

Trench It is called the earthen spore that is opened for fire. There is a trench for a rifleman, a machine gun, a grenade launcher, a mortar launcher, a grenade launcher, a tank, an infantry fighting vehicle (BMP), an armored personnel carrier (APC), an anti-aircraft gun, etc. In short, for everything you can shoot. Most often, a trench for a Milkovo tank is called a caponier. This is completely wrong. This word came into literature from the hours of forts and forts. The caponer is a concrete or concrete spore that adheres to the fortification wall and is designed to fire up the walls of the fortification to relieve enemy soldiers who have broken through directly to the walls. Since the caponier allows you to fire over two sides, and one, it is called a half-caponier.

For equipment that does not shoot (cars, knitting machines, outdoor kitchens, sanitary transport, etc.), a special warehouse is required ukrittya . Their importance in the trenches is for those who cannot fire from them. In some cases, and for equipment that shoots, the cover may become damaged. Thus, a tank shelter is built up from a tank trench without its own depth (the tank is located in a shelter to its full height).

For ukrittya special warehouse also sporezhuyutsya ukrittya. Well, since all the covers for technology are called “covers”, then for a particular type their names vary.

Shchilina It is used to protect the motorized rifle division (and other other units). The sound of the sound is like a short section of a trench. The gap can be open or closed (covered with thin logs and covered with a ball of earth 30-60 cm). The gap can accommodate no less than 1/3 of the special warehouse.

Dugout It is completely buried, covered with earth, a spore from blocks, shields, or elements of a slender climb. The dugout is covered with one or more rows of knurling rods and filled with a ball of earth at least 1 m.20 cm. In the middle there is a building for repairing a special warehouse, a heating system is installed, and electrical work can be carried out. Milkovo’s dugout is often called a dugout. This is completely wrong. Dugouts, for the purpose of dugouts, and with surface spores, are covered in muddy areas; The stench is recognized as being stored in a special warehouse against enemy fire. Dugouts are designated for temporary living in a special warehouse and are based on the image of great kurens from decks covered with a thick ball of turf. Dugouts can have a capacity of up to 100 or 200 individuals, while a dugout can accommodate up to 13 individuals. According to the norms, there is one dugout per platoon and can accommodate 1/3 of the platoon’s strength. Mlinets is not suitable for fighting fire. Spores similar to dugouts, but possessing one or more embrasures are called DZOT (wood-earthen fire point) or DZOS (wood-earth fire sporuda). The same sporuda, except for concrete, is called DOT (dovgotrivala ogneva dot) or DOS (dovgotrivala vogneva sporuda).

Pitulok similar to a dugout, but larger in size, which sinks deeper into the ground, the lower dugout contains a larger dry ball of earth and is completely sealed. Tobto. in the middle of the socket so that it is impossible for igniting speeches and ignitions to penetrate. The lintel is equipped with a filter-ventilation unit; You can wear gas masks near the socket in the isolated zone, the zone of radioactive contamination. There is only one lintel per company and must accommodate no less than 1/3 of the company's storage capacity.

Go and let me know - these are trenches that connect trenches between subdivisions and trenches that carry out waste (for carrying out the wounded, delivering ammunition, hedgehogs, replacement). Also, the defense region is developing shelters for the wounded, medical stations, supply points, water supply points, field warehouses, food points, etc.

Engineer's ammunition , fueling methods, charges of explosive vents (VV), mini, pyrotechnical devices and other engineering objects, containing vibing vents and pyrotechnic warehouses, fueling methods and detonation capsules tories, electric detonators, electric seizers, fuses, cords that detonate and fire conductors, igniter tubes, holidays, etc. The VR charges will stagnate for destruction, I will arrange for the obstruction and destruction of other tasks related to the engineering security of military combat operations. The main purpose for these purposes is to serve minis, and to launch projectiles of engineering cable launchers (attachment for throwing cables), and in some armies - nuclear mines.

The stinks are assigned until the end of the engineering task of ensuring combat operations of other military forces, and sometimes the needs can become like lust.

According to organizational power, US military engineers are divided into the military and reserves of the main command. The military includes engineer (sapper) battalions and divisions and engineer (sapper) companies of adjacent brigades. Other units also expanded the engineering troops to form a reserve for the head command.

The engineer battalion of the US Army division has 776-984 personnel and up to 400 pieces of equipment, including 60 non-engineer units. Before the end of the military operations engineering department, the battalion may receive 60-70% of the special warehouse, which will otherwise be occupied by departments and service departments.

The engineering forces of the US Army are characterized by the presence of specialized engineering units, parts and sub-units, such as road, bridge, fencing, position, etc. And as bridges are built and bridges are built, engineers are working. They can also install bag filters. The division's engineering battalion is intended for the engineering support of the division's combat units.

You can rely on someone: Budov, morning and repair of roads, bridges; guidance and replacement of crossings across water barriers; Budova passing through the membranes; Budovu that hem will be fenced off; organization and conduct of engineering exploration; vykonannya of different types of everyday work; providing assistance to military personnel during fortification of locality and carrying out visits for masking; supply of division elements with water; the fate of the assault was on heavily fortified positions. The battalion consists of a command and headquarters battalion, a headquarters company, four engineers and one bridge company.

The engineer battalions of the PD, MD and BrTD are, however, a new organization, which is responsible for their activities in the number of special warehouses and equipment). The headquarters consists of 11 individuals (chief of staff, three staffs, seven sergeants and privates).

The headquarters company (1§8 special forces) consists of control, a platoon of engineering vehicles and sections: divisional engineer, operational, reconnaissance, communications, supply, repair, administrative and special warehouse, medical. Divisions may be assigned a platoon of nuclear mines. The divisional engineer section (five sections) directly serves the divisional engineer (battalion commander). The fighting minds are located at the division command post, there is a permanent connection with the headquarters of the engineer battalion and submits to the division headquarters documentation from the engineering support of the military combat operations, divided by the headquarters battalion The operational section (10 sections) develops documentation on the engineering support of combat units of the division and on the combat training of sub-units of the battalion.

The exploration section (11 units) plans and continues to conduct engineering surveys on the division's speed. You can create three engineering reconnaissance groups that can be connected to the division's military intelligence warehouse or conductive engineering reconnaissance independently. In addition, the section organizes and controls camouflage approaches and provides the division with topographic maps. The communications section (16 units) will provide complete communications to the battalion headquarters with sub-units and division headquarters, as well as repair of individual communications.

The supply section (16 items) is responsible for organizing the security of the division with water, engineering equipment, building materials, fortification materials, entrenching tools and other engineering mines, as well as for providing the battalion with all types of security. The repair section (60 units) carries out ongoing technical maintenance and mid-term repairs of all personnel engineering equipment of the battalion and advanced repair of engineering equipment of the division.

A platoon of engineering vehicles (20 people) is being strengthened to strengthen the engineering companies. In certain situations on road traffic and airfield robots, the platoon operates independently. A nuclear mine installation platoon (15 individuals) consists of two separate divisions of six individuals and a control group (three individuals). It is intended for the development of a special warehouse of the installation, supporting and exposing nuclear mines. The armed platoon has two nuclear devices. The platoon is equipped with two sets of water mines, both with minushkas and with radio stations. The platoon's modes of transport include vehicles with trailers or armored personnel carriers. For greater work, the platoon receives engineers to support the battalion. An engineering company (155 personnel) consists of a command company (36 personnel) and three engineer platoons of 38 personnel each. The sapper platoon has a command group (all special forces), three sapper squads of 10 individuals each. The company is assigned to the assigned task of engineering support of combat operations of one of the brigades of the division, which operates in the first echelon. An engineer company assigned to an active brigade and duty can be strengthened by a special warehouse and the capabilities of a headquarters or brook company to a battalion, and sometimes by sub-units, designed for comprehensive engineering support. izii.

The bridge company is intended for transporting bridge lanes, building floating bridges and collecting floods, as well as for clearing passages through narrow membranes. Bridge companies of engineer battalions of divisions can be of two types. A type I bridge company (155 personnel) consists of a command company, two platoons of important self-propelled guns and a platoon of tank bridge laying vehicles. A platoon of important self-propelled pontoons covers all the bridges and even the platform of the MFAB-F self-propelled pontoon fleet, which allows the company to build a floating area with a lifting capacity of 60 tons, a length of 122 m, or two bridges of 80 each. m for 20-40 minutes. A platoon of tank bridge laying trucks includes AVLB bridge laying bridges with trusses with a lifting capacity of 54 tons and a depth of 19.2 m, which can be laid on a crossing in 3 minutes. The bridge company of type II (172 men) has the same organization as the bridge company of type I, but instead of two platoons of important self-propelled guns, there are two bridge platoons, equipped with mines of the largest pontoon parks M4T6 or class 60. This platoon has It’s time for easy transportation ,

two sets of the M4T6 fleet (class 60), including towing and bridge boats. The set for the M4T6 park allows you to achieve a load capacity of 55 tons, an increase of 43 m in 2 years, and for a class 60 park - a space load of 54 (59) tons, an increase of 183 (120) m in the 5th year. The engineer company of warrant officers, 250 sergeants and privates) of the adjacent infantry brigade (Fig. 2) consists of a command company, three engineer platoons, a platoon of important troops, a section of engineer tanks and a mine section and serviced Nya. The company's management includes sections of management and headquarters.

The sapper platoon includes a command group and three sapper divisions, equipped with mine kits for the deployment of various military-engineering robots. The skin unit is transported on 5 self-skid vehicles with a 1.5-ton trailer. A platoon of important forces consists of a control group, two separate sections and tank bridge laying vehicles. The lane and maintenance section is equipped with a set of engineering machines, light crossing facilities and maintenance and repair facilities for the service lane.

The company's engineering staff consists of 16 mini-carriers, 15 inflatable boats, a light transport vehicle, 12 self-propelled pontoon vehicles, a tank bridge, two M728 engineer tanks, a bulldozer, a motor grader, a 20-ton truck crane, three Lance petrol engines. and drank three buckets of vantazhuvach, re-super compressor station , 40 cars (various), 33 circuits and 42 radio stations.

Armed with screw guns, the company has five machine guns and 24 40-mm grenade launchers. The engineering company of the brigade, with its own personnel, can: transport across the water crossing in one trip the number of troops up to the infantry company, vikory and inflatable chapels; - Bring the floating area up to 85 m class 60 or take two transfers from the same class; - Use the 12th class for transporting light vehicles or a light gauge floating place with a 13m extension to the same class; - Provide support for tank bridge laying vehicles up to three crossings with a width of up to 18 m; - Rozgornuti three points of water supply.

On January 1, 2014, near the town of Murom (Volodymyr region), the formation of an engineer-sapper brigade of the central suborder began. The brigade was formed as a method of increasing the capabilities of engineering troops and the efficiency of their stagnation, creating a reserve for the highest level of military commands and strengthening the grouping of troops on strategic directions. The brigade is stationed at the reserve of the Supreme Commander.

At the brigade's warehouse, first from the hours of the Great White War, a battalion was revived for assault and de-fencing, in order to ensure the uninterrupted penetration of forces of underground significance in the urbanized locality, which allows for a significant increase in the effectiveness There is action during the assault on Budivel, with maximum loss at any cost.

Once upon a time I decided to keep an eye on the work of the “stormtroopers” with a “watering can” and a notepad. A special enemy: one of the most famous of my army races.

Our and your nutrition is confirmed by Guard Senior Lieutenant Dmitro Anatoliyovich F., commander of the assault and disengagement company of the 1st Guards Engineer-Sapper Brest-Berlin Chervonopraporny Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov Brigade.

1. Very briefly about myself

I wanted to serve in the army forever, I have been in military service since 2005. Having graduated from the military school in St. Petersburg, and willingly and with his own will, he fell asleep in the lava of the 1st Guards Engineer-Sapper Brest-Berlin Chervonopropornaya Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov Brigade. Our team of central support was formed on the 1st of 2014 near the town of Murom (Volodymyr region). Serving in the satisfaction brigade, which is what I should be doing.

2. It has long been understood that engineering needs only for the construction of bridges and the installation/removal of mines. Still, it seems, you can get them before digging everything. What else should be included in the number of real departments of current engineers?

The military engineers, of course, will not be deprived of bridges, put and take me down. We are engaged in fortification, engineering reconnaissance of the locality, we can have approaches and boundaries for the strength of our troops or make them unsuitable for the penetration of enemy troops, create a passage from us them in the countryside or to provide a whole direct route for the maneuver of their troops. Building bridges and crossing waterways is also our area of ​​responsibility.

In addition, military engineers will provide electricity and water, including drinking water, to the field drains. We can greatly complicate the enemy’s reconnaissance operations: it is necessary for military engineers to insist on camouflage and acquisition of important objects or, for example, imitation and plating of sensitive objects, for example, for additional deception them mock-ups of combat equipment.

We live on land and at sea, in addition to the army engineering and combat units at the depot, the military and naval engineering units, and the naval engineer units.

3. What should the assault squad of military engineers enter before the command?

Indiscriminate destruction of the most powerful bastard - unfencing and assault. Rozgorozha, to put it simply, is aimed at eliminating the enemy’s blockade (including mines) using various methods, and the assault is aimed at reducing the enemy at significant points and in entire areas. Plus the security of uninterrupted penetration of the enemy’s territory by infantry, artillery, tankers and other forces that will follow us.

Birds similar to ours were widely deployed in the Army of Reds during the Great White War, and there is enough information about them. The current military conflicts are significantly and obviously disrupted by the situation on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, and in many other countries. The creation of assault spawners is the perfect time and an adequate response to current military realities.

4. What is the specificity of “stormtroopers”? What have the RF Legislative Assembly developed with similar specifics?

It turns out that the specifics of assault engineers include partly the robots that are designed for SPN units, partly the tasks are similar to those that are placed in front of the airborne assault units, and partly the robots are in the minds of men, rubble and In everyday life we ​​are in a certain sense of the specificity of a policeman special forces (SOBR) and special forces of the FSB. The current ZS of the Russian Federation has nothing similar to us (and with similar missions).

5. What important equipment are “stormtroopers” equipped with?

The battalion has a company of fencing and assault (with important equipment - armored personnel carriers BTR-82A and armored vehicles "Typhoon-K") and a company of special important engineering equipment (engineering vehicles for fencing - IMR-3, dismantling installations - UR -77 "Meteorite".

On the robotic systems we have developed (robot recovery and fire extinguishing), robotics are specially worked by military service companies of robotic technology.

6. How does a rifleman's armor affect the assault force?

For the rifle armor, we currently have access to the AK-74 with sub-barrel grenade launchers, AKS-74, PK, PKT (well, plus a 30-mm grenade launcher on the armored personnel carrier). For good reason, a sniper armor is already needed. If the food here is not so good for the army, it is necessary to introduce snipers into our regular roster. Groups that approach real life or ruins, and especially during the hour of action in the minds of many, need sniper support. This expenditure from the group can be avoided and the process itself can be extended to the point of relief.

We would like to expand our arsenal with AK assault rifles of the “hundredth” series. And, of course, a replacement for the legendary PM is needed. According to the staff, I am responsible for the wine itself. And I would like to replace it with an APS (Stechkin automatic pistol).

7. If you had chosen not only from the old pistols, but from other ones - what would your mother want with you in battle as a short-barreled specialist of the armed forces?

APS pistol.

8. What about the important armor?

Possibly, throw fire. Behind them are plans, and even the results of developments that may be implemented.

9. What is the connection between the bonds?

We have all the new items that appear in the Sun. I don’t have any problems with the connection, including the connection between the fighters of the assault group.

10. What are the “stormtroopers” equipped with?

I'll start with OVR-3Sh. The undressing suit (assault version) is handy and thoughtful. It will definitely require individual packaging, but that’s fine. I’ll say this about your strength and handiness: I’ve been actively rushing around in OVR-3Sh all day today. It has become tired, of course, and, without further ado, the standards for physical training are ready to be created right away. As soon as the handiness comes, the suit has to “get used to” the people, then it works normally.

In total, the suit has three standard sizes, but this is not the most popular option. Naturally, the “stormtrooper” is of average build. A great soldier is a great meta and cannot get through, a small soldier may not have enough physical strength in battle for any important physical work.

The main feature of the suit is armored panels, which are located in special “guts” on the chest, sides, groin, etc. What class of zakhistu they have is such a costume. We have 6th grade panels, and they shot at a suit from such a panel from SVD with an armor-piercing igniter bullet from tens of meters. The attack was not recorded. The visor on the shoulder trims the pistol bullet. Well, of course, tricks.

Molle slings on the hand suit. Allow yourself to place the necessary possessions where it is most convenient for you.

"Warrior". I praise you. The cream, perhaps, will spread “rozvantazhenya” on the breasts. It is necessary to move it to the side, otherwise the fire contact will not be able to minimize the forceful silhouette of the positioned “lying”, and even lying should be placed on the “armor” and in sections with stores placed on top of the “armor”.

In addition, if the soldier is stationed day or night, security and safety are ensured, the soldier can take off his armor for an hour after repair, without being separated from his ammunition. “Ratnik” doesn’t see it that way. I first need to remove the dismantling of the ammunition and then the “armor”. And one more detail: it is well attracted by the arrangement and ammunition of the “rozvantazheniya” in the current appearance, with a trivial wear, leading to an above-world second back.

Multitool Both staff and special features. Mati can give special attention. I especially have one myself, having bought the regular ones before joining. To put it simply, I would say that the standard multitool is normal, allowing you to use the entire range of tools, and even better tools. Since such an element of equipment as a multitool, our robot may have a long life, so saving on a compact tool is especially important for me.

Unfortunately, not everyone knows what to do with such tools, just below. At the end of the war, the Red Army had this universal Finnish type, everyone was afraid of it. The military Radyan Army already had a long-lasting “Pidrivnik” with many blades. The holder allows you to unscrew, cut (for example, a fire cord), to pierce, expose and clean the wire. With the current multitool, there is more room for maneuver. It seems that today you can’t live without a multitool, it’s like a third hand.

Machete. Or the lower assault "Sapper". Vitchiznyany. It's easy to chop or sharpen. I won’t say anything bad about him.

For fasting from the whole. Let me say that we don’t have much to worry about in marriage. There are a lot of new products in the middle of the regular bakery. The idea of ​​“upgrading” is not particularly protected. This, before speech, allows you to again present personal practical evidence and broadcast it to the entire subsection. Having just bought one, brought it, showed it, checked with the authorities - oh, you can take it! Reliable and functional speech never fails. I’ll renew the electrical tape, there’s room for painting and without touching anyone’s personal boxes.

From the immediately obvious speeches - you need to pay for automatic magazines. For “Warrior” this is especially important: if you put three magazines in each bag, it’s no longer easy to reach without a cover, and you might get caught in the end.

The OVR has special fixing pads for magazines, which allows you not to waste a magazine in Russia. Friendly, but important. There is no such detail on other pouches, so check them yourself and check them manually. Є placement of third-party evidence. The SOBR spied: the “shieldman” had a bandage and duct tape taped to his pistol on his left arm. It's time to recharge - you don't want to lift your hands from the shield. We already have two types of shields - light and important. You can fold three shields onto one. A heavy shield of protection with tickles, in reality it can be even more manual.

11. How are the assault squads and engineering troops equipped?

І “contractors” and “strokemen”. When recruiting our battalion, respect was paid to contract servicemen who served in the terminology and who previously served as “contract soldiers” in intelligence units and military special forces, in the military. We already value the skills they acquire.

For me, as for a company commander, the best candidate for a squad looks something like this: “contract soldier”, age – 20-25 years, athlete, physically apologetic, military status. I'll give you all the respect I need to grow up. An advantage for the candidate will be the early acquisition of engineering skills and a driving license. It is remarkable that the candidate had previously already acquired a military specialty, for example, a machine gunner, a radio operator. And the most important aspect is especially important for me, as for the commander - the candidate’s duty is to serve in our battalion. More than 30 such “good contractors” came to us during the current period. There could have been much more, but we didn’t select any of the data.

For those who want to serve in an assault squad, read this in simpler terms. We have a “contract soldier” who, at a minimum, is able to shoot, drive an armored personnel carrier, deal with vibukhov rivers and give help. And, of course, follow the safety rules.

12. How to cope with shooting training?

Particular respect is given to riflemen's training; our practice is steady and systematic. Assault bastard, not good at shooting, “assault”, I respect, I can’t call myself. Volodya's standard armored “stormtrooper” is fully equipped. Those same suffer from menstrual-vibukhian specifics. In addition, it is necessary, at a minimum, to be aware of foreign symbols of the archery armor. While we are forming, it is not at all clear that it is possible to get acquainted “in person”, using electronic documents and outline plans, but the work is directly expanding and replenishing the material base for our commands.

13. What is the shortage in the special workforce and the singing specialists?

I can’t say right away that we have a staff defect. Our powerful cadres are working, and there are plenty of people eager to join us in the service. At the same time, there is a lot of concern among the “military” soldiers, immediately after the KMB (young fighter course), most of them are willing to serve in our battalion. The motivation of the “strikers” is clear: they want to know how and what they will do during the extensive combat training. It's rich.

It’s amazing that we have military training. What about without her? This is the foundation of group warfare. Whoever is kind in the ranks is also kind in battle, from Suvorov’s watch we know this fact. The advancement of the level of goodwill in the construction industry is irreplaceable. Vogneva, sapper, special, physical training - we have something to do in the service. I am especially wary of how the complex of approaches to work from yesterday’s cotton men is today’s. This includes additional wound physical exercises.

14. Physical training is not just a struggle for “good sports shape”; what other important aspects are there?

Our military servicemen, in principle, have physical duties. However, during this “advancement” the rate of special growth is reduced, people are gradually developing and at some point you begin to appreciate high vantage as normal. You just become stronger and more impressive. This, carefully, and with special caution.

15. How much does the “average contractor” take away from an assault squad?

The average “contractor” takes away about 30 thousand rubles, and since the successful commitment of some of the individual physical training may (and we can confirm) sports “class”, then the right to a penny is taken away an increase of 10-15 thousand rubles. Maintaining a special sports uniform, as you know, is well paid. In such a situation, as the work above itself especially, I respect the financial incentive even more.

16. What kind of equipment does the orderly staff still lack that your mother would like for the commander of an assault company?

UAV. We don’t have many of these yet, but especially my work will soon decide to let the stench go down greatly in the operational intelligence department. Evidence of interaction with the UAV Mav.

Since the technology itself does not stick around, I respect that even if it was worthwhile for us as a young child with a unique specificity, it would be possible to obtain third-party experts and instructors. For starters. We are now actively forming a base of combat evidence, and the axis here is the instructor’s evidence of university fahivs from other branches, which is invaluable to us. For example, I would like to master the nuances of operations in the mountains, in practice, learn from the evidence of the same police teams in the past, instructors from the SPN intelligence service also learned with their evidence about the actions of the fox. All this must be summed up, accumulated and adapted.

We are currently conducting a video recording of our work on the upcoming “poll analysis” and analysis. I am constantly immersed in it. Once again, I’ll remind you that our “contractors”, who came from special jobs, are also becoming the bearers of new knowledge and, with great success, are conquering the role of instructors. This is the very part of my work, as a commander: to see the head, think, adapt, accumulate and transfer to others.

In our immediate plans, we plan to carry out operations from the SZG (Special Operations Forces). What I can tell you about this is that it will be a practical course of military training, which will be conducted by SZG instructors on the SZG basis for all our officers and “contractors”. Such a course of preparation is necessary, intermittent, and less. It is clear that we have such a possibility, and it is even correct that the response from SZG is intended to be stable. They were also created as a substructure for the establishment of special tasks within the framework of engineering and sapper topics.

17. If your little one would set the order “Take Königsberg!” - How would you do it?

So immediately, “on your knees”, in a couple of minutes, planning an assault on Koenigsberg is not correct. Ale akshcho is similar to supplying us with goods - vikonaemo. The size of the fighter's personal armored vehicle has strongly pushed forward from these days, the current shooting armor, armored vehicles, disintegration installations - with the backdrop of Keninsberg, the image of the remaining rocks of the war from today does not look absolutely impregnable . Tim, moreover, our children took him without worrying about anything.

Before the speech, we heard the full story of both Chechen companies, if we had to fight in the low-level misfortune of Moscow. UR-77s were successfully parked there. Nowadays, the necessary human sacrifices, if the fortified base with the militants in the middle, can be remotely dropped from the UR-77 and after this a clearing can be carried out by the forces of a special warehouse. I wanted to clean it there often and there was nothing left after UR.

Sometimes there is a need to break into the room through a hole in the wall. I still need to earn money. Here it is important to provide as much information as possible about the enemy’s wake-up: what the wake-up is, what the approach is, who is in the middle, how many of them are below. Based on these data, the tactics for a particular situation are determined: each group in each warehouse works on the first version, and the other, which covers the central and spare entrances and exits.

Let’s say, if it’s easier to just leave at the door, but if the animal breaks through the stele, it’s okay. If the situation and doors allow it, you can do without a knocker, hydraulic shears or a circular saw. Two words and no specifics don’t make sense here. In a hidden attack, one person, under the cover of the group, comes up to the alarm, installs a charge (there are many different ones) and works to support the BP in one of the ways. They continued the assault through the breach or simultaneously through the breach and other entry points.

18. Let’s say we’re talking about a large, single-surface, single-surface, single-surface booth, with up to 30 individuals in the middle, apparently, all the fighters buried in the Russian Federation IDIL and, obviously, all the smells have been preserved. Yak buti?

Customize UR-77. Since there is no such technology, we will have fakhivtsi who will carefully fold the booths. This is not the pinnacle of the qualifications of a support worker, but it is a task and a skill.

19. Is it true that the replacement is not right from the past, and now everything that was replaced is simply disappearing?

So, everything is correct, as we are talking about “externalization” in the city or the evacuation of the vibukhovy device for further impoverishment. The sapper is a high-class fakhivets, a high-ranking specialist with contraindications, and you can still screw up your life. It’s time to get involved in outdoor activities, if without concern for those who are away, you can protect the vibrator device with a water cannon, an overhead charge, and destroy it in place with a direct vibrator without further detonation, although primitively and reliably throw him off with a “gut” or just shoot him? All the wires in the cinema are cut when the brilliant “good lad” can outplay the brilliant “bad lad”.

Otherwise, if it is necessary to extricate yourself on the spot or to transport the vibukh device for further depletion, it is also in practice. This is a robot for a high-class sapper specialist, tied to a smock for living. This part has accumulated a great amount of strength, including during the Great Patriotic War. And in current engineering fields, the research geniuses of mine-vibukhov research are emerging.

20. What can you do to tidy up the korisnogo at the time of peace? How do the engineering forces turn out, let’s say, before the deadline?

They get caught up in their needs. We can conduct reconnaissance in areas of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes. We can perform rituals. We can become firemen. We can give you some help and help you evacuate. We can find the place and arrange a crossing. We can practice under the water, we are our divers. Zagalom - we can lie about the lives of people who know bravery or have drunk themselves in the NS zone.

21. What do you value as a sign of professional mastery? The pilots, for example, rotate the folding aeroplane at low altitudes, shoot snipers from 300 meters, but what about the “attack aircraft”?

A good stormtrooper engineer turns up alive after successfully conquering a battlefield.

Part of a friend, photographic

Some of them will arrive in the dark until I get up.

Snidav from the soldier's and distant.

The food items included pshonyan porridge with gravy, chicken, pork lard, cow butter, bread, chicken eggs, sweet tea, caramel, gingerbread, baked goods, and milk.
Lard and chicken in my plate in a sublime size of the experts in the army of the first vegetarian! The whole lieutenant colonel showed up.

Cabbage, carrots, kvass, peas as a snack for choice. I couldn’t eat everything, even if I was hungry. The drink, before speaking, was worn out for a whole day of running around the Murom outskirts, it is good, it is rich, although it is not the most delicious.

After the discovery was destroyed, they became acquainted with military engineers from the division of the company and the assault. Behind the previous housekeeping, the stench was small to demonstrate the process of cleaning up in the new staleness of disarray.

The OVR-3Sh comes in three sizes.

Suits are transported and stored in such bags. A whole range of meanings for Sholom.

The main warehouse OVR-3Sh is laid out on the table: fragments of the refrigeration system are visible, a light jacket, pants, a sleeveless vest and a dry jacket are visible.

The cooling system consists of two parts – a sweatshirt and a “pants”.

Lightweight flexible plastic hoses are sewn along the entire inner surface of the sweatshirt and underpants.

Hoses transport water from such a tank to an additional electric motor. The battery life lasts approximately as long as the robot. The cooling agent used is water and ice (with ice!?).

They didn’t even understand about the ice: how to take it in bulk, but a cooling system is not needed, and where to take it? To the extent that it is effective to cool the koristuvacha, the original water (without ice) is not allowed to cool down.

In any case, the system, filled with nutritious water, can play a role in the supply of water to carry around.

The refrigeration system extends tubes up to the body directly onto the thermal bath. You can see the connectors for connecting to the water tank.

During the winter period, the refrigeration system is not required; it was only installed for demonstration. A lightweight jacket is placed on top of the thermowell and cooling system (or otherwise); in essence, only sleeves, the jacket serves as a strong load-bearing element.

It’s easier to wrap a lighter jacket and tighten it up, and at the same time, it’s completely harder for the skin. The lacing on the back prevents the suit from sliding on the body, regulates the “movement” of the arms and shoulders and provides ultimate comfort.

Next to the jacket, put on the pants.

The pants are connected to the jacket with special straps on the straps, visible in the photo.

I forgot to wear a “sleeveless vest” with shoulder pads.

On the sides, on the chests and in the groin of the suit there are special “chests” for placing armor panels.
The panels can be different, in this case the stench may be 6th class protection, fire the shot at point-blank range from the SVD with an armor-piercing igniter bullet.

The same principle applies to the shoulder guard, only a small one and not a very high class of defense. It reliably protects against cracks, cuts and seals.
Armored helmet "War Keever RSP" with visor. The visor fits a 9mm pistol bullet.

It took away znіmne na sholomі. It was freezing cold in the photo, so the area inside was damp. The fogging outside was much weaker, deliberately destroying respect.

The shield made of trisphere plastic is important, miraculously insightful, but it greatly changes the center of the sholom. Mounting points on the sholom allow you to place various objects on the sholom, for example, a lighter.

A connection, a sound to the ear and a connection for the little one.

Attack engineer at OVR-3Sh. The take away from sholom has been removed.

To demonstrate the progress of the individual armored fighters of the “stormtroopers,” they brought a number of current replicas of the steel cuirass breastplates CH-42. The braids were specially made for demonstration purposes at one of the workshops for chairs and photographs, and the fastening elements and “damper” were sewn by one of the officers with his own hands.
The steel shalom, apparently, is not very authentic, but on the right it is profitable. Natomist hunting blade with the brand “1917”.

PKS layout. It’s amazing to see such axis of “newly made” inscriptions on the ancient Soviet Socialist Republic. Our “model makers” are also in a lot of trouble.
What is the special valor of a cold (or simply barbaric) or old, or even a fighting beast? What are the benefits of legislators?

On the basis of the number of individuals, photo details from life multitool NS-2 that of the assault knife "Sapper".
The cover with the standard multi-tool is visible on the left side of the left side.

The multitool has been installed for direct reasons.

Multitool for chokley. The dining room is lower than the soldier's and is distant for scale.

The cover can be attached to the waist belt in a number of ways.

Nizh assault rifle "Sapper". The bottom with an assault knife can be seen on the right side of the “stormtrooper”.

The Nizh assault "Sapper" immediately turned my respect to himself to finish with wider grammatical mercy. About every incident, I would like to inform you that the phrase “Foreign Forces of Russia” requires all words to be written in capital letters. And the axis of the word “Engineering Military”, the word “Viyska” would be correctly written in small capitals.

Having checked with the minesweepers, the stench was determined to be that such a dark brown and necessary, specifically to which there are no claims yet.
And the axis of my dark doubts crept in: the amazing evidence of the blood and the use of a miracle knife of survival, which proudly carried a similar “elk” brand.

Engineering Army

Lev Kiel. Russian officers of the Corps of Engineers of the Napoleonic Wars

Enter Type

The army's engineers were still strengthened from the artillery, forming an independent army rank. By the end of the first quarter of the 19th century, their number exceeded 21 thousand individuals, which was approximately 2.3% of the total armored forces. In 1873, the fate of Russia was founded especially in view of the strategic development of the region, as per the harmonized plan, divided into parts of the Ege. I. Totleben, decided to carry out a complex of military and military operations. Over the course of 35 years, the military forces built the forts of Novogeorgiyivsk, Warsaw Citadel, Zegris, Brest-Litovsk, Osovets, Kovno, Ivangorod, the Dubro outpost, the massacre, the fortifications, and the fortifications of Sporudi.

Pursuant to the Combat Statute of the Ground Forces of the SRSR, engineering security includes:

• engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, locality and objects;
• fortification of positions, borders, regions, points of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Budovu and the morning of engineering barriers and the production of ruins;
• installation and control of nuclear mines and landmines;
• the depletion and destruction of the enemy's nuclear mines;
• the opening and destruction of passages in fenced-in and ruined baths;
• Budova passing through Pereshkodi;
• distribution of locality and objects;
• preparation and morning of the military routes, transportation and evacuation;
• possession and replacement of crossings when forcing water crossings;
• Engineers go to mask military and objects;
• Engineers are approaching to update military combat capabilities and eliminate the legacy of enemy nuclear strikes;
• type of water purification, possession of water supply points.

Military engineers developed engineering security tasks that would require special preparation of a special warehouse, storage of engineering equipment and engineer ammunition. In addition, their tasks include defeating the enemy’s equipment and manpower using mine-vibukhov and nuclear-mine methods.

1918-1945 rocks

Radian army engineers were created simultaneously from the organization of the Red Army. The divisions received an engineer battalion, and the rifle brigades received an engineer company. Special engineering parts are formed. The engineering work was carried out by the inspector of engineers at the Field Headquarters of the Republic (1918-1921 - A.P. Shoshin), the chiefs of engineers of the fronts, armies and divisions. The Military Engineering Department has been assigned to the Head of the Military Engineering Directorate. Until 1929, all branches of the military had full-time engineering units. After the outbreak of the Great German War in 1941, the head of the Engineering Forces was imprisoned. During the course of the war, the army’s engineers fortified, created fences, bypassed the locality, ensured the military maneuver, passed through the enemy’s mine fields, secured the formation of their engineer fences, forced water crossings, took The fate of the storm has been strengthened, the place has been strengthened.

Chiefs of the Engineering Forces of the Civil Service of the SRSR and the Civil Service of the Russian Federation

Engineering technology and equipment

• Important mechanization stations "TMM", "TMM-2", "TMM-3" and "TMM-6"
• Prichipnyi minniy zagorodzhuvach "PMZ"
• Poromno-bridge machine "PMM" "PMM-2" and "PMM-2M"
• Helicopter mini-folder “VMR”

ІВ ЗС in the regions

• Engineers in Israel ( English)
• Engineers of Canada ( English)
• Engineers of the Australian Army ( English)
• British Military Engineers ( English)
• Engineers of the German Army ( English)

Div. also

Notes

Literature

• Nikiforov N. I. Assault brigades of the Red Army in battle. – Eksmo Yauza, 2008. – 416 p. - (Velika Vitchiznyana: The Price of Victory). - ISBN 978-5-699-25628-0
• Engineers and Zaliznychniy Vyska: U 2 t. – St. Petersburg: Typ. V. D. Smirnova, 1909-1911. on the Runivers website
• Engineering Army until 15 June 1901 r. - St. Petersburg: Type. P. P. Soikina-48 p. on the Runivers website

Posilannya

• About the engineering industry on the official website. website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
• Military engineers in the battles for Radianska Batkivshchyna (Tsirlin A.D., Biryukov P.I., Istomin St. P., Fedosiev E.N. - M.: Voenizdat, 1970.)
• Sapper Museum - Military Engineers: Emblems, signs, uniforms, photos of personal memorials to military engineers
• Monuments of military-engineering history: historical memory and new objects of the cultural decline of Russia

Engineers of the Red Army during the Great White War
Commanders
Forms of organization
Army
Brigade of RVGK
Operational Lanka Brigades
Modern and military technology
Crossings
Mini and protyminny collect
Combat equipment and equipment
Category:Great German War

Pontoon-bridges and crossing-landing formations
Organization and preparation	pombre pomp
Pontoon bridges and airborne crossings and units
Pontoon-bridge brigades (pombres)	1 pombre 55 pombre 151 pombre 190 pombre
Pontoon-bridge police (pump)	3 pump 5 pump 7 pump 11 pump 16 pump 18 pump 20 pump 23 pump 26 pump

The other one divided.
Marriage (1921-1941)

Having defeated the attack of the imperialists on our country, ending the huge war, the Radian people have moved on to a peaceful existence.

Suddenly there was a need to transfer the army to a peaceful camp and reorganize it. The party was decorated with the words of V.I. Lenin about those who, having shortened the army, preserve such a basic core that would allow the necessary armored forces to flare up at times (53).

The discussion about the nature of the life of the Red Army and the Red Fleet was discussed at the X, XI and XIII meetings of the party, which praised the decision, aimed at further increasing the value of the Armed Forces. These meals were also discussed more than once at the Plenums of the Party Central Committee.

The first step of the active Radyan Armed Forces after the end of the huge war was the demobilization of the Red Army and its transition to a peaceful settlement, as was the case in 1921- 1924 rub. Following demobilization, the reorganization of the army was also carried out. The order for demobilization was issued on January 11, 1920, and until January 1, 1924. The Chervona Army, which is small for the beginning of demobilization of 5.5 million people, was brought to the peacetime staff with a numerical strength of 562 thousand. people(54) .

After the end of the huge war in the engineering forces, a significant part of the special warehouse was also demobilized and the engineering units were transferred to a peaceful camp. For 1st month of 1924 rub. The number of military engineering forces and bodies of the military engineering service (without military units and military sappers) amounted to 10014 individuals (55), or about 2 hundred thousand of the official number R KKA.

With the transition of the army to a peaceful status, the military-polistic forces were lost in the system of military administration, and were switched mainly to the renewal of the people's rule.

The reorganization of engineering troops began from below, from brigade and division units. Until 1st September 1921 The engineer battalions and rifle divisions were reorganized; Instead of them, a number of engineering companies were created - sapper and road-bridge companies, and in their division there were, as a rule, two, non-violently adjacent brigade sapper companies.

By order of the Revolutionary Military for the Republic No. 424/61 dated February 18, 1921. The Military Engineering Department was reorganized. This order was given out;

“Concentrate the management of all military-engineering departments under the authority of the Head Military-Engineering Directorate, which coordinates the nutrition of the operational-active head commander of all Armed Forces of the Republic iki, and from the nutritional fasting - the main boss of the fasting” (56).

The inspection of engineers has been reorganized in connection with this.

Until the 1st quarter at the Head Military Engineering Directorate and until the 15th quarter at the local level, the reorganization was completed until the order of the RVSR was completed.

In military districts, military engineering departments were headed by the chief of engineers, to whom special management was assigned. This management was formed from the following departments: fortification and civil engineering, which provided engineering preparation to the district before defense (in the internal districts of this department); drill soldier, who was involved in combat training of engineering and technical troops; apartment, engineering, technical and engineering supplies. The chief of engineers was subordinate to the command of the military district and worked in close contact with the Directorate of the chief of supply to the district for engineering supplies.

The staff of the Main Military-Engineering Directorate of the RSChA (GVIU) was introduced into force on September 1, 1921. by order of the Revolutionary Military Party of the Republic No. 1529 dated June 16, 1921. Earlier, on June 2, 1921, the intercessor of the head of the Revolutionary Army for the Republic confirmed the provisions of the State Military Institution, which consisted of fourteen branches, the financial part and the engineering committee. In addition, senior inspectors and the secretariat were in charge of the undisciplined head of the department.

The provision meant that the conduct of the Head Military-Engineering Directorate of the Roboch-Russian Red Army would support the entire supply of military-engineering and military-technical information of the RRFSR, and the supply of defense of the Russian Federation itself. public in engineering, operational-budgetary, inspection, organizational and technical, scientific, initial , government-procurement part of the military department for all aspects of military-engineering and military-technical information, special training for the military, supplying the army with military-engineering and technical services In this way, that security is the same with all types of apartment security.

Keruvav is the head of the department and the head of the engineering and technical forces of the Roboch-Rural Red Army.

Head of the Military Committee of the Head Military-Engineering Directorate of the Red Army (GVIUKA) was appointed on 26 February 1923. I. E. Korostashevsky, assistants to the head of the GVIUKA - N. F. Popov and G. G. Nevsky, the head of the engineering committee of the GVIU - A. A. K. Ovchinnikov and his protector - A. P. Shoshin (57).

One of the central departments of the Main Military Engineering Directorate and the Military Engineering Directorates of the fronts and districts, in connection with the transition of the army to a peaceful settlement, began the development of engineering and technical forces. created with the help of necessary personnel. For the best organization of combat training, it was identified by the entire mother of the engineer battalions in the districts, which at the time of mobilization could be deployed in a number of separate companies.

Protjagom 1921 r. The staff was again disaggregated and a solid numerical warehouse of all engineering and technical military units and industrial units was established.

Number of engineering units of the Red Army as of June 1, 1923. Based on the designated staffing numbers of the special warehouse, they are indicated in Table 2.

Table 2

Names of engineering elements	Number of parts	Number of people per state in one part in all parts
Saperni battalions	18	373	6714
Surrounded by sapper companies and rifle divisions	39	158	6162
Around the sapper squadron of cavalry divisions	10	148	1480
Around the sappers of the cavalry brigades	9	103	927
I t o g o			15283
Fortresses of sapper companies	5	166	830
Kronstadt Sapper Company	1	173	173
Engineering and technical battalion of the Petrograd UR	1	325	325
Together			1328
Pontoon battalions	5	312	1560
Transport motorcycle-pontoon pens	5	68	340
Primary pontoon division	1	482	482
Strongholds of mines	3	72	216
Minny paddock	1	224	224
Together			2822
Electrical battalions	2	355	710
Chief electrical battalion	1	372	372
Okrema searchlight company for special purposes	1	114	114
Together			1196
Around the fighting masks	2	103	206
Navchalna Boyova Maskrota	1	232	232
Together			438
Avtovantazagoni	27	78	2106
Petrograd Motor Transport Battalion (chotiri drive)	1	444	444
Head of the motor vehicle brigade	1	425	425
Car corrals of Streltsy divisions	39	39	1521
Together			4496
Engineering training ground	1	142	142
All(58)			25705

In this manner, encamped on the 1st Veresny 1923. Before the native of the number of chervonomas, standing up for a peaceful hour, the staff of the number of Inszhenerenny wits urakhuvannyam Polikovykh Smolla Blizko 5 vidsotkiv, and without a urahuvannya viysikovikh saperev - 2.2 vidsotka.

The task of training command personnel for the engineering units and installations with the transition of the army to a peaceful settlement continued to lose one of the main changes in the right and further upgrading of the engineering troops of the Red Army.

The training of command personnel was carried out in the system of high and middle military-initial units, as well as in various specialized schools and in short-term courses. The main military-initial base, intended for the preparation of a command warehouse of engineering troops with a wealth of light, served as the Military-Engineering Academy, during the period from 1921 to 1924. trained 107 military engineers (59). To train platoon commanders, the Main Directorate of Military Command had several engineering schools (Petrograd, Moscow, Kiev and Kazansk) with the term of initiation of several fates, including one to the preparer. The skin school is small with a staff of 400 cadets and a sufficient number of permanent command and storage personnel. In addition, there was one electrical engineering school (Petrogradskaya) with five years of education, including one preparatory school.

The Main Military Engineering Directorate held a repeat school for middle command personnel in the basic electrical battalion (Petrograd) for nine months. The district repeating schools in the middle commissary warehouse had engineering classes, in which, over the course of six months, one person per person from the skin engineering and technical company began. In addition, there was an engineering department at the Petrograd International School for 30 cadets, as well as a Masculine School.

The provision of various types of engineering techniques to the Red Army was even more uneven. So on 1 September 1921 The army's supply of entrenching tools and positional mines (thorny drith, earthworms, etc.) reached up to 100 hundred square meters, for searchlights, mine-ships and other mines - up to 60 hundred square meters of mines. consume.

As for the mastery of tools, saws and electromechanical equipment, as well as metals, the army had an urgent need for them. The food supply was also severe with the supply of the military automobile lane.

For your convenience, we save and save the engineering mine for 1 September 1921. There were 33 main, surrounding and base warehouses, including 12 warehouses of vibukhov rivers. In 21 warehouses of the engineering lane, there are 7 head, 9 district and 5 base (60) warehouses.

Already in the early days after the great war, in addition to efforts to conserve, repair, and preserve obvious engineering resources, efforts were made to create new concepts in engineering technology and thoroughly sneeze

This task was placed on the engineering committee, which carried out its activities in cooperation with the Military Engineering Academy, up to the position approved on the 2nd of 1921. The base for carrying out experimental work, testing new concepts of engineering technology served as a military engineering training ground, founded in 1920. R. and over the years it has grown to the Scientific and Research Engineering Institute.

Regardless of the lack of scientific-experimental and experimental base of the test site, even at that time they began to prepare new concepts of military-engineering technology, and further refined various wines and rationalizations Torah propositions. So, for example, a new permanent ferry service was prepared, using the inflatable humic chutes A-2.

Of great importance during this period was also the organization of combat and political training of engineering troops. This nutritional importance was given to the decisions of the All-Russian People for the heads of the engineering and technical forces of the RSHA, carried out during the 2-8 leaf fall of 1921.

Political work in engineering units, as in the entire Red Army, was carried out consistently until the decision of the XI All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) (19-22 birth 1921) and the XI Congress of the RCP (b) (27 February - 2nd quarter 1922 RUR .). ). Our decision was to arrange political work in such a way that, after two years of service, the Red Army would leave the barracks without depriving the military personnel of good preparation, and with political knowledge equal to the knowledge of the cadets of the province of this party school.

The organization of military and political preparations faced serious difficulties. Right up to 1924. The Red Army and its engineering troops had the opportunity to carry out combat and political training in the minds of the difficult reorganization of the army, the great uniformity of the special warehouse, the re-engineering of parts and the conquest of the Vikings, low orders, security rarely connected with military and political preparations, as well as the lack of material supplies. army, the lack of young command (instructor) staff, the presence of new statutes and regulations.

Further value of engineering forces (1924-1928)

An important stage in the future and further important engineering forces of the Red Army, as well as all Radian Armed Forces, was the military reform of 1924-1925, carried out according to the decisions and decisions of the Armed Forces your Communist Party.

To confirm the activity of the engineering forces after the huge war and the organization of combat training, as well as for the significant improvement of the routes, the work is subject to the decision of the Commune political party and Radyansky district in the period from 15 to 21 September 1924. was held by the All-Union People's Assembly of Chief Engineers of RSChA. At the meeting they discussed the nutrition of the organization of engineering forces and the current territorial police force.

The decisions adopted by the meeting specified the specification of engineering parts and hydraulic structures, increased respect for the need for ground level development of military engineering knowledge, and increased the number of sappers in the country. the regiment, the need to establish order in the organization of combat training in territorial engineering units and sub-units.

The rifle police were encouraged to create special sapper teams in numbers comparable to a sapper company platoon. These teams were responsible for ensuring the engineering training of riflemen, the maintenance of sapper robots, riflemen, and also independently constructing special engineering robots. Special training for sappers of a regimental sapper team may be universal.

In view of the urgent importance of crossing services, the people confirmed the need to revive the pontoon units and asked the State Military Inspectorate to show special respect for the most complete development of the pontoon mine and the safety of the essential pontoon battalions. The only way to cross the lane is by Chinese transport.

The decision to supply the territorial police force to the engineering forces was given urgent recommendations for the organization of pre-conscription training, as well as the organization of territorial units. There was a strong emphasis on the need to complete territorial engineering parts and support from residents of industrial areas and places; It was found that the terms of collections in territorial parts (overall three months for five years) for engineering forces are insufficient, in connection with which it was recommended to save taxes and the term of service, increase the triviality of initial fees to twelve and a half months.

It was immediately recommended to provide the territorial parts with the necessary basic aids and materials; equip them with a command warehouse, which, having graduated from military-engineering normal schools, has practical experience of at least one fate; ensure the preparation of a young command warehouse, which is defective, for territorial engineering units in personnel units and in the way of organizing special schools for territorial divisions.

With this title, the people dubbed the main approaches to the military reform in the engineering corps. The decisions taken laid the foundation for the routine and intensive combat training of engineering troops in the coming days. On their basis, separate programs were divided.

Practically during the period of military reform and in the early days after it, such approaches were made in the engineering forces.

At the same time, with the reorganization of the central apparatus of the People's Commissariat, the military and naval authorities were re-equipped with the technical troops of the Red Army. The main military engineering department, which was in charge of the military engineering forces, as well as the supply of the military engineering line, was reorganized. It was carried out in the form of construction functions, it is not enough to know more than the military engineering mine and was subordinated to the head of the RSCH supply department. Management of the engineering forces passed to the headquarters bodies. The level of combat training of military engineering troops was carried out by the military engineering inspectorate under the Main Directorate of the RSChA.

Independent military-engineering departments in the districts, which existed before the reorganization, were expanded from construction functions and included as part of the warehouse of the Department of the Chief of Supply for the district. The responsibility for military-engineering training in the military district was established by an inspector of engineers, subordinate to the immediate commander of the military district (this unit became known as the chief of engineers).

In connection with the problems of 1924-1925. new organizational structure of the Red Army (formation of rifle corps, liquidation of rifle brigades, etc.), there is great respect for the expansion of the organization and the frontal camp of engineering and technical forces k. Suitable for new states, to the warehouse of the corps with engineering troops, including an engineer battalion (two sapper companies and an engineer park), to the division warehouse - the sapper company (61) and an engineer park, to the rifle regiment - a sapper mask valiant platoon. In the cavalry, engineer troops were formed from cavalry-sapper squadrons in the division and sapper-proprietor platoons in the police. The corps sapper battalions were almost entirely deprived of personnel, and if the corps engineer and battalion commander were imprisoned, they were deprived of their personnel. The divisional engineer was also the company commander. Such a camp was founded by one river, after which the plantings were separated again. Personnel also included all special and technical personnel.

At the depot of military militia-territorial engineering troops there were mainly sapper companies of territorial divisions and sapper-mask platoons of rifle regiments of these divisions. The sapper company of the territorial streltsy division is small in personnel, more than twenty people. A permanent warehouse for a sapper-mask platoon, including three special forces.

The number of engineering troops on January 1, 1925 was 11,415, or 2.1 hundred times the total strength of the Red Army (62). Organizational approaches were carried out in the engineering forces in 1924–1925 pp. There were outcries and justification for the situation that had developed during that period, but later it became clear that the number of engineering troops in the Red Army was insufficient.

At the same time, as a result of the organizational approaches, it was necessary to further develop a system for training command personnel for engineering units and subdivisions. The need for this was due to the fact that the level of military coverage of the command warehouse was not high enough. So, in 1925 in the engineering forces, only 30 hundred square meters of the command warehouse do not have normal military lighting, and 17 hundred square meters do not have low military lighting at all. The camp with a young command warehouse was developed in 1924-1925. became unfavorable. Nyomu has a shortage of 1 ruble 1924 r. in engineering and technical forces it became 32.3 hundred square meters.

For the preparation of a young command warehouse, for example, 1924 - at the beginning of 1925 rubles. Regimental schools were created. The young command staff and general specialists of the units, as well as regular schools, were trained in special classes that were formed at the beginning of the military units and formations.

The preparation and thorough training of the middle and senior command departments was carried out at the military basic units of three types: at the normal military schools, which trained new personnel for the middle command department; in advanced courses at higher schools, which spoiled the knowledge of commanders; at the military academies, which prepared the senior and senior categories of officers.

DOSVID BUDIVTVTAS TO THE BISKOVOKOY School (at that number of izhenerny) bouv of legalization at the "Put about VIISKOVI Schools of the RSCHA", Yak Bulo was introduced in the order of Revivіycrady SRSR VID 30 1925 p. In this case, it was assumed that in order to prepare the command warehouse of the military engineering troops, military-engineering schools were being created. The military-engineering school was a combat unit at the warehouse of the battalion of the three-company warehouse, and in its initial stages divided into four classes: preparatory, young, intermediate and senior. There were two such schools at that time.

For retraining of the middle command warehouse of engineering troops at the Leningrad Engineering School back in 1924. a course was created to improve the command warehouse.

Planned preparation of the command warehouse began in 1924. organizing teams of peers within corps sapper battalions. This team secured the staff of the battalion with young people of military age, who had just completed their secondary education, as well as young engineers, who were working on a part-time basis until the end of their initial investment. Those who, having completed their careers in the team, were guilty of being appointed as a platoon commander, after which they were transferred to the reserve. To drink what they didn’t put away, they were deprived of serving on the outposts.

At the time of the reform, until the beginning of 1924, the Chervona Army was limited to the Military Engineering Academy for training military engineers. In addition, civilians were obtained to train various groups of military frontmen for the Red Army. So, in 1924 A geodetic department was created at the Intermediate Institute. U 1925 r. A military department was created for the Leningrad Institute of Nobles, and a military department was created for the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute. In connection with this, the faculties of geodesy, civil engineering and electrical engineering, which were located at the Military Engineering Academy, were closed, and the Military Engineering Academy itself began in 1925. was merged with the artillery and reorganized from the Military Technical Academy, which it founded in 1926. im. .E. Dzerzhinsky. For the period from 1925 to 1928. The academy trained 113 military engineers.

Work was carried out on the organizational changes of the Red Army, which made it possible to organize normal combat and political training in its units and units. M. V. Frunze 17 leaf fall 1924 r. The source said:

“The deepening of the minds of life and the work of the army has opened up the possibility of putting one’s training and learning on solid ground. In essence, we can only now get down to business in a proper way. Because of our long and special character, our important material minds and our existence, due to the harsh order of service of others, we were actually able to eliminate the possibility of an army as a real fighting force” (63) .

Combat and political preparation was also organized in the engineering forces. At the spring of 1924 The RSHA inspectorate issued a military plan for combat training for the First River, which was based on praise for the plenum of the Revolutionary War of the USSR in 1924. Based on this plan, winter training was organized in the engineering units of the Red Army in 1924-1925. The plan for combat training of engineering troops and engineering training of all branches of military forces was based mainly on the recommendations of the All-Union People's Republic of the chiefs of engineers of the RSChA.

U 1925 r. a normal training plan was introduced for all personnel and territorial units and units of the Red Army, including in the engineering corps. The term navchannya has been established in personnel departments for two reasons. The beginning is divided into winter and summer periods. In the first river, the Red Army began to be trained by a fighter-fakhivka, who technically knows the material part, as he is in a reinforced platoon. Until the end of another fate, we will have received such knowledge that they would have allowed him to serve in the reserve as a division commander.

The Red Army, which began at the school of young commanders (regimental divisions), during the first period they completed the training of a division commander, and in the second period they were preparing to assume the functions of a lieutenant commander of the division. I'll stock up on water.

At the same time, the combat preparation plan was dismantled and the normal political preparation plan was put into effect. The courtyard program of political training has been fragmented by the PUR and the training is small in order to prepare a knowledgeable, rich defender of the Radyanska kingdom, who clearly understands that their changes are possible on the basis of the ceremonial plan between the working class and the village under the ranks of the Communist Party. Confirmed by the department of agitation and propaganda of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), this program was introduced into force in 1925/26.

The need to organize combat training of engineering parts sometimes required various districts to urgently assemble sappers in one place for the period of summer practical work. This reached the sapper parts of the camps in the engineering group, selected by the protector of the camp collection from the engineering forces. This was the case, for example, in 1923. And the fates came in the Chuguivsky camp (after the rally from Kharkov), where the engineering group was formed by the 7th and 8th corps battalions and the 23rd division sapper company. Sometimes it was necessary to organize special engineering teams. Such boules, for example, were the tabir of pontonaires of the Kiev garrison on Trukhanov Island 1923-1941; at the same place - a tabir of engineering units of the Kharkov military district on the Pivnichny Donets river near the place of Zmiyiv (14th corps, 29th division sapper battalion, sapper company 25th and 73 - and rifle divisions).

Despite their initial significance, the camps operated for no more than three or four months on the river. Before the period of gatherings, the final maneuvers, the camp began to work, and the engineering units were brought together before they united.

Of great importance for improving the development and training of the special warehouse of the army is the development and implementation of new military statutes, regulations, aids, instructions and other essential materials.

In addition, the nutrition of engineering support for combat and combat stagnation of engineering troops was reflected in the combat statutes of the RSChA that came out in force, it was seen that there was a low standard of instruction from the military-engineering department, which allowed us to purposefully and highly organize special training among military personnel.

For example, in the period 1924-1928. were seen from the military-engineering certificate of the RSCHA, military masking, engineering and technical certificate of the command warehouse of all branches of the military, special training of the engineering forces of the RSCHA (Bridges and crossings , part 1; Underground robots; Underground mine on the right), military engineering reference for lust and in.

The great role played by the publication of military and political preparations of the units and the unification of the Red Army and their further detailed role was published by the Russian magazines. They also focused on the nutrition of the Radyan military-engineering mysteries, combat training and combat stagnation of the engineering troops. Such magazines during the period under review were “Army and Revolution”, “The Military Duma and the Revolution”, “The Military News”, “War and Revolution”, “Technology and Progress of the Red Army” etc.

On a large scale, military-scientific work was carried out both in the entire Red Army and in its engineering forces. We deserve respect for such works that came out at this hour: N. Shelavin - “Division and Corps Engineers”, 1924; A. V. Prigorovsky - “Engineering and technical methods of combating and tactfully stopping engineering forces”, 1924; G. Serchevsky - “Basic principles of tactical deployment of sappers and the system of divisional control of them,” 1924; K. Schildbach - “Tactics of engineering forces”, 1927; G. Potapov - “Boyovo vikoristannya and zastosuvannya of engineering forces”, 1928; M. Spiring, D. Ushakov, K. Schildbach - “Statation of military-engineering information in the military service of the military,” 1927; K. A. Rose - “Forcing the river before the end of the huge war of 1918-1920,” 1928; a number of works by D. M. Karbishev, G. G. Nevsky and others.

Zagalom until the end of 1928. The engineering units and sub-units have already accumulated practical evidence from the organization and conduct of combat and political training. During this period, the command of engineering parts at various everyday work was widely stagnated to consolidate theoretical knowledge and develop practical skills in the organization of work and their production (for example, Nitsi Orsha - Lepel, road-bridge works in a foggy-swampy area near the upper Berezina River at the entrance from Lepelya and in the border smoothie of the Belarusian Republic of SSR, the life of the road Oster - Chernihiv and etc.). Zokrema, for the daily life of the city of Chernihiv - Ovruch in 1927. A brigade corps was formed, to the warehouse of which the sapper corps battalions (2, 6, 7, 8, 14 and 17th) arrived, united from the initial promotion to the brigade, and was appointed by the intercessor commander of the 17th rifle corps with an engineer them military corps engineer A. S. Tsigurov. Corps sapper battalions during the summer period of 1927 and 1928. They went to the camps on the route of the climb and, in parallel with the planned plan of special and combat training, they carried out work on the work of the climb, including the work of bridges on finger supports. During this period, the command depot of engineering troops and engineering units took part in military operations, field trips, reconnaissance and military games.

In the organization of combat training and ceremonies, a great role was played by inspectors of engineers at the Head Office of the RSChA and inspectors of district engineers, who provided assistance to the troops, strengthened and expanded the advanced “It’s true,” the short-lived people revealed, they established the reasons and, through the chiefs of engineers, tried to eliminate them.

A large group of engineering units and soldiers, as well as military engineering troops, for their participation in the fight against Basmachism, for successes in combat training and the modernization of the people's dominion, were awarded orders, a special one I will give you valuable gifts. Thus, by decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Committee of the USSR dated June 13, 1927. for service in the battle against the Basmachis, 12 June 1925. in the area of ​​the Yakshi-Keldi fort, awarded the Order of the Red Prapor, the commander of the sapper squadron of the 8th Turkestan Cavalry. platoon commander of the same squadron M. M. Grigorenko, commander of the division I. R. Wegner, Red Army Y. A. Stukalov, P. I. Prikhodko, I. D. Slashchini “N”, T. S. Matveenko, G. M. Zharinov, K. K. Savoteev, D. N. Kofakov (64).

On the commemoration of the 10th River of the Red Army, they were especially noted on battle fronts and in peacetime by order of the Revolutionary War of the SRSR for a special warehouse No. 102 of the 23rd fierce, awarded the Order of the Red Prapor, throughout the RSCHA, - 1066 especially, including G. K. Dmitra - senior divisional engineer of the 10th rifle division, G. K. Usupov - senior chief of the sapper team of the 6th Khabarovsk rifle regiment and I. I. Khodunov is the senior commander of the combat team of the 81st rifle regiment of the 91st rifle division. This order rewarded 1,745 individuals with a special special order and valuable gifts, the middle of them from the engineering forces – 48 individuals, including 17 individuals with a special special award, valuable gifts and Honored with diplomas - 31 people (65).

The Church was awarded the Order of Labor Chervony Prapor on behalf of the sapper battalions of the 8th, 10th, 13th and 17th rifle corps, the 21st sapper battalion and the 1st company of the 9th sapper battalion (66).

During this period, such a form of military training of the RSCA was practiced, as the honorary red-army soldiers recruiting the most honored people of the army and the country at the gatherings of a special military unit. The decision about the destruction was stunned by the order of the Revolutionary Party of the USSR. Ten individuals were assigned to the engineering units and personnel of the honorable Red Army, including the commander of the 17th Rifle Corps, Ya.F. Georgia F.I. Makharadze and in.

During the period of technical re-arrangement of the Red Army

The period of the front five for the Armed Forces of the Radyansky Union was a period of its technical re-engineering and further advancement of combat capabilities. At the same time, technical equipment was acquired and the engineering forces were renovated.

U 1928 r. the bula was demolished, and in 1930 approved by the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Certificates of the “Engineering System” of the Red Army, which transferred the entire complex of technical capabilities necessary for the establishment of military and engineering combat commands. The system identified the main tactical and technical data of engineering features and established the order of their development and implementation. On the basis of this document, which was reviewed several times with the introduction of various changes, it was necessary to equip the engineering forces with new technology right up to the beginning of the Great White War.

It is likely that before the adopted system began in the first five years, due to the technical reconstruction of the entire army, there was an intensive development of military engineering equipment, which was used by military engineers .

Particularly intensive developments have taken place - both in the cold and in the clear - ferry-bridge costs. Acceptance for education in 1926 crossing and bridge park on inflatable chavnys A-2 was replaced in 1927. park on Chovny A-3, which was modernized in modern times until 1936. The weight capacity is 12-14 tons, and the transportation of this material part was already carried out by cars.

Born in 1934 the newly built important N2P park (with liquid metal pontoons) and the light NLP park (with folding pontoons with baked plywood) began to arrive, which replaced the Tomilovsky pontoon park, which passed from the old Russian army, and snuvav 70 rocks (67).

It should be noted that the N2P park at the beginning of the Other World War appeared to be one of the pontoon-bridge parks of all the armies that fought, entirely suitable for the folding and construction of bridges with a weight capacity of up to 60 tons. The value of the NLP park reached 16 tons.

To transport cargo from regular crossings by water, a towing motor boat BMK-70, a sailing vessel NKL-27, and outboard units SZ-10 and SZ-20 were built near the pre-war river.

Born in 1939 a special pontoon park SP-19 was adopted, intended for the maintenance of bridges and level crossings on wide rivers with great fluidity of flow.

At the same time, with important, medium and light ferry parks, a number of easy crossings are available at the same time: an assault ship (TZI), which is important to flood, a small inflatable chauvin, a swimming suit. Later, an inflatable choven was designed for Georgian parts, which was carried on the racks and folds of the choven, which was made from plywood. Before the outbreak of the Great American War, the RMM-2 and RMM-4 collapsible metal bridges were broken up, and the remainder of the war was adopted for construction and became the basis for the construction of collapsible metal bridges in our army. ї.

Great attention was paid to the development of mechanization and electrification of military engineering robots. Already 1934-1935. a lot of new features were introduced, which dramatically increased the capabilities of the engineering forces.

So, for example, for logging operations, engineers produced manually sawmill frames, sawmill benches, gasoline-powered saws, a set of attachments for tractor hauling of logs, and a set of suspended monorail slats. The discovery of these values ​​made it possible to mechanize the entire process of logging operations.

For the mechanization of bridges, robots dated 1935. there was a metal dismantling hammer with a steam and hot hammer. Over the years, Radyansky designers have created more thorough and productive machines - diesel-powered hammers and others. The re-suction compressor station, which was built before 1936, could be successfully installed not only for the mechanization of bridge work, but also on other robots that require the drying of pneumatic tools.

Before the appearance of tractors in engineering, road technology developed in line with the capabilities of high-speed horse traction. Among the first road equipment were various types of logs, plows, drag shovels and ditch diggers on horse haulage. Until 1934-1935, the world built road machines on tractor pulls; engineering parts were selected after special testing of different types of machines. In 1937-1938 pp. Based on the research of the development of road machines, the military has adopted the greatest thoroughness, which is used for tractors S-60 and S-65 machines, and also: modernization of the important grader GTM and bulldozer BG-M, scrapers SP and ST-5, two-wheeler shaft trenchers KV- 2 and KV-3, an important dismountable ripper, as well as a heavy duty LNG special grader and a wheeled motor grader with a pickaxe.

Persha re-supply power station, mounted on a 1.5-ton vehicle in 1930. and was introduced until 1934, with a charging and lighting capacity of 3 kW (AES-1). U 1935 r. The automotive power plant with a capacity of 15 kW (AES-3) has reached the engineering list. The new power station includes a small set of electrified tools and lighting accessories. It was then that the first pieces of high-voltage power plants, which were intended for the electrification of darts, were formed.

A great deal of work was carried out in the sphere of development and up-to-date minenopydritic technology and equipment. So, in 1934 We found new machines PM-1, PM-2, a large number of different electrical devices, special guards and switches. The first anti-tank mine TM-35 appeared, later - AKS, TM-39, TMD-40, PMZ-40. The rest of these designs were developed on the basis of combat evidence of the destruction of anti-tank mines in 1939–1940. On the basis of this evidence, anti-antibiotic mini-mines MPK-40, PMK-6 and others were created. Robots were involved in the investigation of shaped charges, especially on armor. New methods for controlling landmines at the station, via radio, have been developed.

Due to other barriers, the villages of Pereshkodi (MZP) were divided. Great respect was given to the control of water barriers.

p align="justify"> Led the work in Galuzia to develop the functions of urbanization. However, until 1935 Only complete sets of reconnaissance and fencing systems were found to be electrified. The first men appeared less often in the period 1939-1940. To line the anti-tank trenches with tanks on the basis of the T-26 tank, the ST-26 sapper tanks were designed, equipped with a metal bridge, which rested on the tank's water crossing directly behind the vehicle.

During the period of technical reconstruction of the army, the robot was significant. The creation of standard methods for masking military and combat equipment, as well as the development of techniques for the use of these techniques, was also carried out. A variety of mask suits, maskets, materials, and fabrics were found at the production site.

For field water supply, the country has designed and introduced special means of exploration, production and purification of water in field drains, as well as transportation and conservation.

The successes of the industrialization of the USSR made it possible to ensure the production of varied and foldable engineering equipment in the factories of our region and not be subject to import.

Considering the significant growth of mechanization methods, which were found in the engineering at the beginning of the First Five Years, D. M. Karbishev noted that the strength of the machine park is the best for the formation of the engineering forces of Chervono ї Army, established: in 1932. – 5 thousand, in 1933 .- 25 thousand, in 1934 - 95 thousand. l. With.; The increase in mechanization and motorization capabilities per soldier began: in pontoon battalions in 1932. - 0.6, in 1933 - 3.0, in 1934. - 6.0; in engineer battalions 1932 - 0.3, 1933 r. - 1.6, 1934 r. - 2.1; in engineer battalions in 1932. - 0.3, 1933r. - 1.02, 1934 rub. - 1.75 l. p.(68).

It should be noted that behind their tactical and technical data, certain engineering machines have ceased to demonstrate the capabilities that have grown, and the pace of development and deployment of new concepts has risen at the same level as others types of current armor, which was designated by the People's Commissar of Defense at the inspection of engineering technology in the chest 1940 R.

For the development, operation and combat use of new equipment, special training was required. With this method, technical companies were formed in corps engineer and pontoon battalions, and technical platoons were formed in divisional engineer battalions. The Military Engineering Academy named after V.V. Kuybishev (established in 1932) began to train facists in the field of engineering.

Unfazed by the difficult problems of growth in the country, the Communist Party and the Radyansky District gave the front line a great squeeze on equipping the engineering forces with new technology. It is obvious that for the period from 1935 to 1941. The number of engineering vehicles and ferry fleets has increased in the following sizes:

Parkiv N2P.. ... at 3.5 times

Sawmill frames and benchtops.. ... 3 times

Power plants of all types.. ... 4 times

Collapsible metal pile drivers.. ... 4 times

Compressor stations.. ........... 5 times

This period saw a rapid increase in the engineering forces of the Red Army, as well as a number of organizational changes among them. Zokrem, in the rifle divisions, sapper battalions were formed in the yard warehouse.

Having defeated the engineers of the Red Army in 1930 (from May 1930 to May 1937), an active participant in the huge war, one of the most talented military leaders, N. N. Petin.

As a period of renewal of the economy of the region, and in 1929-1939. The engineering units and also the Military Engineering Academy provided great assistance in the further development of the people's rule. There were roads, bridges, crossings and other objects. The military engineering units provided great assistance in the fight against natural disasters. Characteristic of this plan is the feat of a company of sappers of the 9th sapper battalion of the Pivnichno-Caucasian military district, commander of which was V. A. Kopilov (nine major general of the engineering forces at the branch). Saperi ce roti spring 1931 r. took their share from the fire that destroyed the naphtha industry in the Maykop area. The corps engineer of the 9th Infantry Corps, K. S. Kalugin (formerly Major General of the Engineering Corps, died 1945), was responsible for these robots. The quietly stagnant Vibukh's speeches were liquidating the burning. For this feat, the sappers who were most significant were awarded the Order of Lenin. Vony was one of the first military servicemen of our army to be honored with the highest district honor. Among them were corps engineer K. S. Kalugin, company commander V. A. Kopilov, division commander V. M. Yemelyanov and Red Army soldiers Artemiv, Burgaster, Kiprov and Yevsikov (69).

Military engineers in the combat operations of the Red Army in 1929-1940 pp.

After the end of the huge war of Chervona, the Army did not conduct combat operations on a large scale for a long time. Numerous border conflicts and incidents organized by the imperialists, the struggle against the great bands of Basmachis and the defeat of the Chinese militarists in the hour of conflict on the Chinese-Convergence Fleet of character Actions and their interconnected scales could not serve as the basis for broad constructions and installations at the Viyskovy galusa. However, in these combat operations, a special warehouse of engineering units, like the entire Red Army, revealed courage, heroism and a high degree of patriotic commitment, the circumstances of the Radyansky government - the power of the Robotniks and with Elyan.

For service in combat operations to liquidate the conflict on the Chinese-Skhidnaya Zaliznytsia in 1929. were awarded the Order of the Red Prapor S.M. Chervonoarmiets (Vikhovanets) of the adjacent sapper squadron of the 9th detached Dalekoshidnoy cavalry brigade, I. P. Bedrov – commander of his squadron, M. Vagin and S. Astaf’ev – sapper of the 13th sapper battalion, I. A. Levin is the platoon commander, L. Sirov is the sergeant major, M. Bubnov and A. Shaidurov are the commanders of the divisional battalion and they are a total of sixteen men (70).

Volunteers - sappers and military engineers - worked in the fight against the Francoist rebels and fascist interventionists. The control and strengthening of crossings, the fortification of possession of borders, the control of fences and ruins when entering enemy lines, the transfer of knowledge and information to the sappers of the Republican army - such is not a new relic of the command that Our volunteers in Spain were in full swing. A lot of them are decorated with orders and medals. The Order of the Chervonogo Prapor was awarded the 11th leaf fall, 1937. V. P. Shurigin (nine major general of the engineering forces at the branch), who was then a member of the engineering supply at the headquarters of the Pivnichny, and then the Central Front.

The greatest military efforts in the history of the Red Army, apparently due to the importance of the development of the theory and practice of combat stagnation of the engineering troops of the Red Army, were the combat operations of Lake Khasan (Lake 29 - 11 September 1938). ), river Khalkhin-Gol (grass - serpen 1939 r .) that Radian-Finnish conflict (1939-1940). Let's take a brief look at the fate of engineering troops in these combat operations.

For example, linden 1938 r. Japanese militarists in the area of ​​Lake Khasan (130 km from Vladivostok) invaded the Radyansk territory and buried the valuables in the tactfully preserved Bezimenna and Zaozernaya hills.

The task of defeating the Japanese troops that invaded was placed on the 40th and 32nd rifle divisions and the 2nd mechanized brigade of the 39th rifle corps.

The main tasks of the military engineering troops were the preparation and preparation of roads and columns for the troops during the period of their deployment to the area of ​​​​combat operations, and during the battle; reinforcement of the hills captured from the enemy in an engineer's manner, in order to ensure that the Radian troops who settled the hills would be able to prevent a repeat of the enemy's provocative forays in the area.

The 39th Rifle Corps (corps engineer Major A.I. Goldovich) initially relied on regular engineering forces and personnel, otherwise they were not enough. The roads through which the military corps led directly to the area of ​​the throat and through which all types of security were provided, even before the 5th sickle became completely impassable, tanks were stuck on them.

The command of the special Chervonopaporporna far-minded Army (OKDVA) 5 Serpnya gave the Rosarzhennya Vidіliti for oblivious VIICHK 5 BALENIVA BALALICH, 2 sapper Batalion (26th TA 43rd) that 20 tractor.

Regardless of the mindset in which the fighting took place, the special mindset of some of the Radyan troops, who took part in the battles and ensured them, showing high moral standards and selfless devotion to the socialist Batkivshchyna. Until the 11th sickle, the goal of defeating the Japanese troops who invaded Radyansk land was closed and the cordon was re-established.

For military merits revealed in the battles of Lake Khasan, many Red Army soldiers and commanders of engineering troops were awarded orders and medals. Among them, captain A. A. Paderin, senior lieutenant M. L. Rabinovich, captain O. G. Dildin, captain V. D. Tserpnikov were awarded the Order of the Red Prapor; Order of the Chervona Zirka - captain N. A. Rossal; Medal “For Life” - Major O. I. Goldovich; Medal "For Military Merit" - Captain I. S. Teleshta in.

The fighting on the Khalkhin-Gol River was on a larger scale below Lake Khasan. The stench began in the grass, 1939. the invasion of the great forces of the Japanese army into the territory of the Mongolian People's Republic. Z travnya to serpen 1939 r. The Radian-Mongolian troops fought important defensive battles and prepared for the offensive operation that was planned at the scythe. The precursor to the defeat of the Japanese troops was laid down by the Radian-Mongolian union and units, united in the 1st Army Group.

The army group's engineering forces included three divisional sapper battalions (36th, 82nd and 24th), two tank brigade companies (11th and 32nd), one sapper company (70th), one pontoon battalion ( 17th) and one company to the 15th pontoon battalion, two hydraulic engineering companies (11th and 14th). From the crossing facilities, 2 1/3 of the N2P park and 2 1/2 of the A-3 park were allocated.

The main tasks of the engineering forces during the preparation of the operation were to ensure the secrecy of the preparation of the operation, to carry out engineering reconnaissance of the Khalkhin-Gol River in the face of the upcoming offensive, to control and manage crossings across the Khalkhin-Gol River, securing the advancing troops with water, ensuring the passage of the advancing troops during the operation.

During the preparation for the offensive, the engineering units and subcontractors ensured the camouflage of military and combat equipment, and also carefully carried out preparations for the final defense.

The main and pontoon units were built during reconnaissance and reconnaissance of the Khalkhin Gol River, revealing a number of fords and identifying bridge crossing points. In Usyogo, 12 pontoon bridges were built, including 3 bridges built at Chervna. It was over 20 linear meters to the crossing areas. km of crossroads, and a curfew service was organized at the crossings.

The engineering units worked on the great work of possessing equipment for the command and guard posts of united commanders and for the command of the army group. To ensure the supply of water to the population, 49 shaft wells and 8 dribble-tube wells were installed.

The Radian-Mongolian army launched an offensive on the 20th sickle and the 23rd sickle completed the sharpening of the Japanese grouping. The fine grouping of the Japanese troops was dismembered and up to 31 sickle units were liquidated.

During the operation, military engineers ensured the passage of our infantry, military equipment, tanks and artillery, their fight on the internal and external fronts was sharp, and also supported the progress of the march in the other camp. two days of evacuation, cross the Khalkhin-Gol River.

The removal of combat evidence has shown the growing importance of engineering troops and engineering support in current offensive operations; the great role of operational masking and the possibility of achieving operational rapport in important minds of the empty place; the need for prompt security of the military personnel of the military branch, especially in the minds of the forestless locality.

The Radian-Mongolian troops, who took part in the operation on the Khalkhin-Gol River, showed high moral and combat values, initiative in the most important combat missions, which revealed mass heroism and a day for which hundreds of soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals, and 70 participants in the battles were given the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union. Among the warriors of the engineering forces, awarded with orders and medals, were D. D. Abashin, A. F. Zhuchkov, N. F. Kotikov, N. I. Nesterov, P. I. Patushko. N. G. Ufimtsev, G. N. Yakovlev, K. V. Yakovlev and in. The 70th sapper company was awarded the Order of the Red Prapor.

November 17, 1939 In connection with the 20-Richs, the creation of the 1st Canine Army, the Presidency of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for valor and courage, which was revealed as a special character in the military order, awarded the great group with the Order of the Chervony Prapora, I’ll kill the sapper as well a company of the Order of Lenin tank brigade named after M. P. Yakovlev, next to the sapper company of the 6th and 32nd tank brigades (71).

Engineering units and sub-units took part in the campaigns of the Red Army to expand the border regions of Belarus, Ukraine, as well as Bessarabia and Bukovina.

The Radian army did not conduct any great or significant military operations at this time, but the supply of engineering supplies to the army (in readiness to fight) had to be reduced.

During the free marches, most of the engineering units ensured the crossing of troops across the rivers (we strengthened existing bridges, established fords, there were new bridges), repaired roads, cleared airfield maidans, commandeered overpasses to disperse trains. in etc. Placements on them.

At leaf fall 1939 The Finnish military, fueled by the reactionary forces of the imperialist powers, organized low military provocations at the Finnish-Finnish cordon. On the 30th leaf fall, the Radian army was disturbed by the outbreak of military operations against the Finnish army.

The stinks were detected during the period of 30 leaves fall in 1939. to 13 Bereznya 1940 r. The main conflicts flared up in the Karelian Isthmus, on a front of 100-110 km, where the main forces of the parties were concentrated and the most important operations took place.

What are the characteristic features of the theater of military operations and the defense of the enemy, what are the main tasks of the engineering forces?

First of all, the battles took place on the territory, 12 hundred square meters of which were covered with lakes and rivers, 70 thousand square meters were covered with passable forests. Numerous rapids, waterfalls, rocky ridges and swamps, which did not freeze, created serious obstacles for the advancing troops and eased the defense.

In another way, the fighting took place during the winter due to severe frosts, which reached 40°, and due to the presence of heavy snow. Light snow, frequent fogs, a polar night on the early front and very short days in the Karelian Isthmus area created additional difficulties for the troops to advance and made it easier to defend.

Thirdly, on the Karelian Isthmus, when the main military forces flared up, it was necessary to work hard to prepare a defense system, called the Mannerheim Line, with a depth of 100-120 km. Its existence took place under the supervision of the most powerful military forces of Western Europe. The advancing Radian troops needed to break through this line, which was considered impossible by the advancing European Fahians.

On the Karelian Isthmus, combat operations were carried out by the 7th Army at the warehouse of nine infantry divisions and three tank brigades, and in similar cordons of Finland on a front of about 1500 km - the 8th, 9th and 14th armies. At the end of the border, another army hangs onto the Karelian Isthmus - the 13th, and for the reinforcement of these armies, on 7 June 1940, the Front-West Front is created. The fierce one was born in 1940. At the similar cordons of Finland, the 15th Army flares up. Colonel K. S. Nazarov (Colonel General of the Engineering Forces at the branch) was appointed head of the engineering forces of the front.

Before the start of military operations, the 7th Army's engineering forces are small: one engineer battalion of the fortified area, the 125th engineer battalion, the 5th, 6th and 7th pontoon battalions. The head of the engineering troops of the Army was Colonel A.F. Khrenov (nine Colonel General of the Engineering Troops at the Representation).

Widespread evidence of the combat standstill of engineering troops and engineering support of combat operations during the hour of the Radian-Finnish conflict is the basis for a special investigation. Here we are less interested in the results of their research.

The combat operations showed a greater role for engineering troops in immediate battles and operations, both in the sphere of supplying infantry, artillery and tanks, and in front-line action in the battlefield, especially in the hour of breaking through a heavily fortified defense. and the enemy.

During the course of the war, a great proof of the painstaking daily defense in the theater of military operations in the winter hour was lost; organizing and conducting a new engineering reconnaissance related to the need to expose the enemy’s defense system to a greater depth (with the help of aerial photography); identification of minor and other vibukhov obstructions and control of communication with these species by necessary means; organizing the fencing and clearing of passages near enemy mine fields and forest debris, as well as near fortified buried lines; clear improvement of road service.

Recognized the significant testing and advanced engineering technology of the Red Army. Having clearly shown that not all of our engineering technology was an accessory in these minds, both road and earth-moving machines did not meet the necessary requirements, the inadequacy of winter robes was also revealed, and the stench during the operation were replaced by others.

There were also gaps in the combat training of engineering troops, insecurity at the beginning of the war of military engineering parts of combat equipment, and poor knowledge of the theater of military operations.

Regardless of the highly intelligent natural minds in which the struggle was carried out, in addition to the shortcomings of military training and their technical equipment, the troops of the Red Army broke through the fortified enemy, here niches of ignorance in the history of feats.

For the birth of military commanders, command and display of valor and courage, by decrees of the Supreme Presidency of the Union of the Russian Socialist Republic, over 9 thousand were awarded. participants in the battles. Over 400 years ago, soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union. In addition, nearly 70 parts were awarded orders to the Union of the Russian Socialist Republic (72).

The 57th and 227th sapper battalions and the 6th pontoon-bridge battalions were awarded the Order of the Chervonogo Prapor.

The high title of Hero of the Radyansky Union was awarded to sapper lieutenant M. I. Rumyantsev and young lieutenant F. Ya. Kucherov; young commanders B. L. Kuznetsov, P. S. Fedorchuk and A. R. Krutogolov; Private A. I. Byakov and N. N. Nikitin; Pontoneri, young lieutenant P.V. Usov, private V.K. Artyukh, and also Colonel A.F. Khrenov. A large group of military engineering troops was awarded the Order of the Red Prapor. Among them are N. P. Artamonov, B. V. Bichevsky, I. F. Danilov, M. F. Ioffe, G. A. Kutsulin, I. P. Kusakin, I. I. Markov, I. E. Nagorny, St. O. Nool, M. A. Ponomarev, V. I. Skrinnikov, F. A. Stanchin, V. D. Starostin, G. P. Tomashevsky, S. F. Chmutov, N. A. Shitov, I. B. Shoikhet ta in.

Further organizational changes and technical equipment of engineering forces

Evidence of military operations in Lake Khasan, on the Khalkhin-Gol River and the Karelian Isthmus, the free campaigns of the Red Army in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, another world war, which had begun, was awaited. Serious attacks on the Radyansky Armed Forces have brought them up to the current level.

In 1939-1941 pp. There was a low level of progress in organizational refurbishment, further technical equipment of the Red Army and the Navy-Navy Fleet, the formation of management bodies, as well as personnel training. A similar low level of progress was carried out in the engineering departments.

As has already been stated, in the front-line forces of the Chervona Army and the army’s engineers, they took away the vastness of engineering technology from industry and as of 1 June 1941. There are up to 265 ferry parks of all types (N2P, NLP, MDPA-3), including 45 important ones (N2P), over 1060 overflow power stations, over 680 sawmill frames and mills and a lot of other facilities. Thanks to the technical equipment of the military engineers, they were able to stand up to the level of the military authorities. New engineering technology has just begun to enter the military.

The work of engineering activities in the Red Army before the Great War was carried out by the GVIU, which was the military-engineering preparation of all branches of the military, organ It called for combat and special training of engineering troops, defense work and the supply of the Red Army with engineering mines. The heads of the GVIUKA were: from Travnya 1937 to Zhovten 1939 - division commander I. P. Mikhailin, from Zhovtnya 1939 to Lipeni 1940 - Colonel I. A. Petrov, from Linden 1940 to 12 Bereznya 1941 - brigade commander A. F Khrenov, from 20 Bereznya 1941 b. - Major General of the Engineering Forces L. Z. Kotlyar.

Under the Head Inspectorate of the Red Army there was a military engineering inspectorate under the supervision of the Inspector General of Engineering Forces. Her task included revising the combat training of engineering troops and the engineering training of other troops. Inspector General of Engineering Forces from Lipnya, born 1940. Former Major General of the Engineering Corps M. P. Vorobyov.

The People's Commissariat of Defense has the main military-engineering departments and the Department of Public Health for fortified areas working at this hour with the intercessor of the People's Commissar, Marshal B. M. Shaposhnikov.

In the military districts and armies, engineering departments and departments, on which there were subordinate commanders, carried out military and defense activities. In corps, divisions and police forces, corps and division engineers and chiefs of regimental engineering services designed their work.

Engineering units of the army and district order in the first half of 1941. were reorganized. As a result of the enhancement of combat training and the creation of a base for the development of engineering units, throughout the war, around the district engineer battalions, they were formed into the engineering police, numbering approximately 1 thousand. human skin Before the start of the Great German War, instead of 22 adjacent engineer battalions and 21 adjacent pontoon battalions, 18 engineer (73) and 16 pontoon (74) regiments were formed.

These parts are at the warehouse of the engineering forces of the RDK. there were masculine-engineering and pontoon-bridge battalions, a hydraulic engineering company and a hydraulic engineering station. Until now, in addition to the military engineering units and paramilitary units, the Zagalnovian armies had eighteen other engineering, motorized and sapper battalions.

After the established states united parts of the Red Army with engineering troops, they received mothers: at the warehouse of the rifle corps - a single corps sapper battalion, a rifle division - a large sapper battalion. ї divisions, at the rifle regiment - a sapper company. Cavalry corps sapper squadron, cavalry division - sapper squadron and crossing park, cavalry regiment - sapper platoon. The mechanized corps entered the warehouse with a military motorized engineering battalion. The tank division had a motorized pontoon-bridge battalion transferred to the newly formed N2P park. A light engineering battalion entered the motorized division's warehouse. Tank brigades and police had sapper companies alongside them, and motorized brigades and mechanized police had an sapper platoon. The artillery regiment of great strength, the howitzer artillery regiment of the RVGK and the corps important artillery regiment have a headquarters battery with one sapper platoon each. The engineers of the Red Army were assigned to special troops and were required to provide engineering support to the military, tank and other units of the Red Army. The time-hour field statute of the RSHA is dated 1936. Statti 7 says:

“The development of all the maneuverability of the current Armed Forces is only possible through the initiative and precise work of special forces, and first of all, engineers, communications and transport (hospitals and automobiles).”

This statute defines the importance of engineering security for offensive combat and its management. The basic provisions for engineering support for defense combat were fragmented. Born in 1939 was put into operation with engineering help for the purpose of the DRCA. The installation provided the main key information from the production of military-engineering robots and the development of new engineering technology (75).

Born in 1939 In connection with the transfer of our entry cordon, the emergence of new fortified areas is revealed. In this work, in addition to the military units, all the engineers and sapper battalions of the border districts and forty battalions from the inner districts were captured. Having removed the engineering parts from their connections and integration, the combat and special training of the special warehouse, cohesion and preparedness of the engineering troops before action for the minds of a combat situation has been negatively reflected. It is important to note that we were not able to complete the activities of the UR before the outbreak of war.

The training of officer cadres of the military engineering forces before the war took place at five military engineering schools (Moscow, Leningrad, Borisivsky, Chernigovsky and Michurinsky, the remaining one born in 1941), Military Engineering Academy named after V.V. Kuibishev and in three courses upgrading the command warehouse. The training of reserve officers was carried out during various civilian military bases and at periodic training for reserve officers.

By decree of the Supreme Presidency of the USSR dated May 7, 1940. general and admiral ranks were established for the high command department of the army and navy. 4 rubles 1940 rub. The Council of People's Commissars by its resolution awarded the rank of general to a large group of officers, including 23 officers of the engineering corps (76).

2 leaf falls 1940 r. The People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR established new military ranks for privates and young commanders.

An important function of the further valuable engineering forces was the activity of political agencies and party organizations, strengthening their role and flowing into the life of the branches and parts. As with all Armed Forces, in the engineering units, particular importance was given to the organizational value of party and Komsomol organizations, the increasing number of communists and Komsomol members in advance of the military certain professions, as well as the expansion and appreciation of the party-Komsomol core of command and control.

Theoretical provisions about the role of engineering forces in the system of Armed Forces led to the development of their forces before the Great Patriotic War, which led to the development of the methods of combat warfare. Of particular importance to the widespread unity of views on operational safety engineering is the selection of engineering chiefs that was held in the 1940s.

The front-line forces were fragmented and seen in the Academy of the General Staff of the RSChA, at the Military Engineering Academy named after V.V. Kuibishev, there were a low number of senior assistants and assistants from the engineering support of combat operations in There is a combat standstill of engineering parts and sub-products. Before them is the initial reference book “Engineering of combat operations of the rifle division” E. V. Aleksandrova, 1937, yogo pratsyu “Robot corps sapper battalion in combat minds.” 1938. The initial reference book “Engineering of combat operations of rifle units (SD and sk)” by D. M. Karbishev, published in 1939 (part 1) and in 1940 (part 2), and a number of others. At the same time, D. M. Karbishev was the author of a great number of scientific works in the field of military engineering and nutrition.

Conducted under the leadership of the Communist Party both in the entire Red Army and in its engineering forces, they were transferred to a peaceful position in 1921-1923, the military reform of 1924-1 925 rubles, as well as technical refurbishment of parts and connection on the basis The industrialization of the region and the successful completion of the plans of the front five made it possible to organizationally replace military engineers, reorganize management bodies, train personnel for the command warehouse, organize and Therefore, to fully complete the military and political training of the troops, to ensure the availability of a large number of new combat equipment, including vehicles features of engineering, rejuvenation with technology, etc.

Until the beginning of the Great German War, the Chervona Army had little scientific theory and practice of engineering support for combat and operations, suppression, combat stagnation of engineering troops. The main provisions of the Radian military theory from this diet supported the development of forms and methods of livestock fighting.

And this all made it possible to prepare the engineering forces in a sufficient way, and the smells appeared in important minds of the complicated task of the engineering support of the military operations of the Radyan troops during the Great Patriotic War of the last war.