The lesson of the White War and the Red Trojans. Presentation before the lesson "Complete unification of England. War of the Red and White Trojans" - presentation. War of the Red and White Trojans

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Ear of war

Richard of York was the first to declare that royal power is in the hands of a woman - but this is absolutely unacceptable from the right. And the fact that this woman was also French, in his mind, made the queen the first enemy of the state. Richard of York won custody, then the regency over the defective king, and after his death, the English crown.

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• The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel, the third son of King Edward III (on the female line, along the human line, and was the son of Edmund). 9th son of Edward III), before Well, the fact that the grandfather of Henry the Great, Henry the Fourth of Lancaster, forced King Richard Another to ascend to the throne, having seized power in 1399, cast doubt on the legitimacy of the entire royal dynasty of Lanka steriv.
• Richard II of England (1377-1399), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, successor to King Edward III

Slide 6

In 1455, Richard of York defeated the Lancastrian army, took King Henry the Great himself and forced the Upper House of Parliament to recognize himself as regent and successor to the throne. Queen Margaret, of course, was worthy of these decisions, as she fled without fail and returned to England with a thousand-strong army. At the Battle of Wakefield, Richard was killed and his head in a paper crown was put on display at York.

Slide 7

• The son of the murdered Richard of York, Edward, in 1461, for the support of the Earl of Warwick, seized the army and defeated the Lancasters, prompting Margaret to rush back to Scotland. Henry the Sixth was deposed, and Edward was crowned at Westminster as the new English monarch under the name of Edward the Fourth.
• The feeble-minded King Henry was put in the Tower, and Edward’s fanatical desire to force his power, weakening his barons under that power, only led to the fact that many of his cronies began to support Henry the Great.

Slide 8

• The battles were renewed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who defected to the Lancastrians, returned the throne to Henry VI. Edward IV and his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester, fled to Burgundy.
• Through the river Edward turned back from the army and gained victory at Barnett and Tewksberry. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the other, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, died, simultaneously with the death (probably, the assassination) of Henry himself, which began in the same birth in the Tower, which put an end to the Lancastrian dynasty.

Slide 9

• After the death of Edward, the throne was laid down by his elder son Edward P'yaty. However, the royal council declared him illegitimate and Richard Gloucester, the younger brother of the late king, removed him from power.
• He voted himself a protector, and then a successor to the throne, having ordered Edward and his young brother to be imprisoned in the Tower, and he was killed.
• Richard III - King of England since 1483, from the York dynasty, the remaining representative of the Plantagenet line on the English throne

Slide 10

The end of the war

• Richard III tried to lead a wise policy, trying to renovate the country after the 30-year military devastation. These people did not fall like the rich feudal lords.
• At the Battle of Bosworth, at the most significant moment, the followers of Richard the Third changed the Yoma, going over to the side of the enemy. As a result, Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor became king (he was the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt through his wife).
• Henry Tudor united the Scarlet and White Trojans at his coat of arms, and took the daughter of Edward the Fourth, Elizabeth, as his squad.

Slide 11

Pouches of war

• The War of the Red and White Trojans became the last outbreak of feudal anarchy before the establishment of absolutism in England.
• Offended dynasties were exhausted and perished from the struggle. For the population of England, the war brought strife, the oppression of taxes, theft of treasury, the lawlessness of the great feudal lords, the collapse of trade, direct plunder and requisition.
• The War of the Red and White Trojans actually came between the English Middle East. Vaughn continued the changes in the feudal English estate, which included the weakening of the feudal power of the nobility and the weakening of the position of the merchant class, as well as the growth of a strong, centralized monarchy under the cerebral dynasty of T Yudoriv. The invasion of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Hour in English history.

Slide 12

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After the end of the Hundred War, thousands of disillusioned people returned to England, for whom the war was the right of their lives. The situation in the region became sharply complicated, as the weakening of the royal power threatened with turmoil. Nezabar began a bloody struggle for power between two grouped nobles.

The rulers of Henry VI of the Lancastrian dynasty (the great part of the Plantagenets) were dissatisfied with the king's relative, the Duke of York. The ancestral emblem of the Lancastrians was the red Troyand, and that of the Yorks was the white one. The war that broke out is known as the War of the Red and White Trojans (1455-1485). Despite its romantic name, the war was characterized by rare brutality. The royal ideals of honor were forgotten, and for the sake of that crooked reprisals came one after another.

After the death of King Edward IV of the York dynasty, the throne fell to the eldest of his young sons. Ale brother of the late king seized power and began to rule under the names of Richard III (1483-1485).

The uninterrupted ruler, Richard III, pursued a reasonable policy and began to restore the war-torn country. Alas, the enemies did not sleep. In 1485, a distant relative of the Lancasters, Henry Tudor, landed in England. At the Battle of Bosworth, Richard was cheered by his neighbors, and his special courage could no longer be touched. You decided to roll and die. Right on the battlefield, the crown was placed on the head of the victor – Henry VII Tudor (1485–1509).

Having come to power, Henry VII made every effort to destroy his lost enemy, revealing him as an evil monster who had walked his way to the throne over the corpses of his relatives. Richard was accused of the cold-blooded slaughter of young nephews. But there is no direct evidence of his guilt, and for Henry VII, the death of the Lord of York was much more significant than Richard.

As a result of the War of the Red and White Trojans, the Tudor dynasty (1485-1603) came to power. Having made friends with a representative of the York dynasty, Henry VII reconciled with their friends and united in his coat of arms the grievances of the Trojans - the red and the white. The new monarch ordered the nobles to disband the military corrals, mercilessly dealing with all those who wanted to subjugate. The king didn’t need to get caught up in the celebratory ceremonies, but also about the addition of treasures. His government has increased taxes and expanded its administrative apparatus. Parliament, as before, was assembled, but everything was determined by the royal will.

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War of the Red and White Trojans 1455-1485

The War of the Reds and the White Trojans was an internecine war in England for the throne, between two members of the Plantagenet dynasty: the Lancasters (the coat of arms had the Red Trojans) and the Yorks (the coats of arms had the White Trojans). The death of the leading representatives of both dynasties and a significant part of the nobility during the war facilitated the establishment of Tudor absolutism.

Lancastry Yorkies

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War of the Red and White Trojans

Margarita French (Valois)

Henry VI - the third and remaining king of England from the Lancastrian dynasty

The cause of the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of the English marriage with the failures of the Historic War and the policies pursued by the squad of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his favorites

Slide 4

Richard of York was the first to declare that royal power is in the hands of a woman - but this is absolutely unacceptable from the right. And the fact that this woman was also French, in his mind, made the queen the first enemy of the state. Richard of York won custody, then the regency over the defective king, and after his death, the English crown.

Ear of war

Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York

Slide 5

The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel, the third son of King Edward III (on the female line, along the human line, and was the son of Edmund). 9th son of Edward III), before Well, the fact that the grandfather of Henry the Great, Henry the Fourth of Lancaster, forced King Richard Another to ascend to the throne, having seized power in 1399, cast doubt on the legitimacy of the entire royal dynasty of Lanka steriv.

Richard II of England (1377-1399), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, successor to King Edward III

Slide 6

War of the Red and White Trojans

In 1455, Richard of York defeated the Lancastrian army, took King Henry the Great himself and forced the Upper House of Parliament to recognize himself as regent and successor to the throne. Queen Margaret, of course, was worthy of these decisions, as she fled without fail and returned to England with a thousand-strong army. At the Battle of Wakefield, Richard was killed and his head in a paper crown was put on display at York.

Slide 7

The son of the murdered Richard of York, Edward, in 1461, for the support of the Earl of Warwick, seized the army and defeated the Lancasters, prompting Margaret to rush back to Scotland. Henry the Sixth was deposed, and Edward was crowned at Westminster as the new English monarch under the name of Edward the Fourth. The feeble-minded King Henry was put in the Tower, and Edward’s fanatical desire to force his power, weakening his barons under that power, only led to the fact that many of his cronies began to support Henry the Great.

King of England in 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, representative of the York line of the Plantagenets, having seized the throne during the War of the Red and White Trojans

Slide 8

The battles were renewed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who defected to the Lancastrians, returned the throne to Henry VI. Edward IV and his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester, fled to Burgundy. Through the river Edward turned back from the army and gained victory at Barnett and Tewksberry. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the other, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, died, simultaneously with the death (probably, the assassination) of Henry himself, which began in the same birth in the Tower, which put an end to the Lancastrian dynasty.

Slide 9

After the death of Edward, the throne was laid down by his elder son Edward P'yaty. However, the royal council declared him illegitimate and Richard Gloucester, the younger brother of the late king, removed him from power. He voted himself a protector, and then a successor to the throne, having ordered Edward and his young brother to be imprisoned in the Tower, and he was killed.

Richard III - King of England since 1483, from the York dynasty, the remaining representative of the Plantagenet line on the English throne

Slide 10

The end of the war

Richard III tried to lead a wise policy, trying to renovate the country after the 30-year military devastation. These people did not fall like the rich feudal lords. At the Battle of Bosworth, at the most significant moment, the followers of Richard the Third changed the Yoma, going over to the side of the enemy. As a result, Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor became king (he was the great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt through his wife). Henry Tudor united the Scarlet and White Trojans at his coat of arms, and took the daughter of Edward the Fourth, Elizabeth, as his squad.

Slide 11

Pouches of war

1) The War of the Red and White Trojans became the last rampage of feudal anarchy before the establishment of absolutism in England. 2) Offensive dynasties were exhausted and perished from the struggle. For the population of England, the war brought strife, the oppression of taxes, theft of treasury, the lawlessness of the great feudal lords, the collapse of trade, direct plunder and requisition. 3) In the War of the Red and White Trojans, it actually came between the English Middle East. Vaughn continued the changes in the feudal English estate, which included the weakening of the feudal power of the nobility and the weakening of the position of the merchant class, as well as the growth of a strong, centralized monarchy under the cerebral dynasty of T Yudoriv. The invasion of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Hour in English history.

Slide 12

Thank you for your respect!

“Wars and Battles” Work by: Oleksandrov Igor Student 10th grade Student: Afanasyeva Irina Viktorivna War of the Black and White Trojan State budgetary lighting installation of lyceum 373 Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg “E” economic lyceum"

War of the Red and White Trojans An internecine war in England, for the throne between the two members of the Plantagenet dynasty, the Lancasters (the coat of arms has the Red Trojan) and the Yorks (the coat of arms has the White Trojan). The death of the leading representatives of both dynasties and a significant part of the nobility during the war facilitated the establishment of Tudor absolutism.

The cause of the war was the dissatisfaction of a significant part of the English marriage with the failures in the Hundred War and the policy pursued by the squad of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his favorites (the king himself was a weak-willed person, before that falling into unconsciousness). Margarita of Anjou is her son Prince Edward. Statue in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris Henry VI - the third and remaining king of England from the Lancastrian dynasty. One of the English kings who bore the title “King of France” during the Hundred War and after it, who actually was crowned (1431) and reigned in France

Richard II of England (), representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, successor to King Edward III, son of Edward the Black Prince. The opposition was supported by Duke Richard of York, who won the beginning of the regency over the defective king, and then the English crown. The basis for this claim was that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt, the fourth son of King Edward III, and York was the great-grandson of Lionel, the third son of King Edward III (on the female line, along the human line, and was the son of Edmund). 9th son of Edward III), before Henry VI's grandfather Henry IV seized the throne in 1399, forcibly exterminating King Richard II until death.

In 1460, at the Battle of Wakefield, Richard York died. The party of the White Trojans was defeated by his son Edward, in 1461 r. coronations in London like Edward IV. In addition, the Yorkists achieved victories under Mortimer-Cross and under Towton. As a result of the remaining main strength of the Lancastrians, the Lancastrians were defeated, and King Henry VI and Queen Margaret flowed from the country (the king was inevitably captured and imprisoned in the Tower).

Edward with his brother Duke of York at the Tower. Painting by Paul Delaroche, 19th century. The battles were renewed in 1470, when the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (Edward IV's younger brother), who defected to the Lancastrians, returned the throne to Henry VI. Edward IV and his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester, fled to Burgundy, the stars turned to the Duke of Clarence, again spreading to his brother’s side, and the Yorkists gained victories under Barnet and Tewkesberry. In the first of these battles, the Earl of Warwick was killed, in the other, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry VI, died, which, at the same time with the death (probably, the assassination) of Henry himself, which went to the same fate in the Tower, became the end of the Lancastrian dynasty.

Edward IV, the first king of the dynasty of York, reigned peacefully until his death, which came uneasily for everyone in 1483, when his son Edward V became king for a short hour. Edward IV King of England, representative of the York Line of Plantagenet And, having buried the throne during the hour of the War Bright and white Trojan. Edward V king of England from 9 quarters to 25 cherubs 1483 rubles, son of Edward IV; no coronations

The Royal Council voted him illegitimate and Edward IV's brother Richard of Gloucester was crowned the same fate as Richard III. In short, this dramatic rule was more about the fight against the opposition. In this struggle, the king was initially lucky, but the number of opponents grew larger. Richard III King of England since 1483, from the York dynasty, the remaining representative of the Plantagenet line on the English throne.

Henry VII king of England and sovereign of Ireland (), first of the Tudor dynasty. At 1485 rub. The Lancastrian forces, along with Henry Tudor, landed in Wales. At the Battle of Bosworth, Richard III was killed and the crown passed to Henry Tudor, who was crowned Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty. At 1487 r. Earl Lincoln (nephew of Richard III) tried to turn the crown back to York, only to be killed at the Battle of Stoke Field.

Results of the war The War of the Red and White Trojans actually ended between the English middle class. On the battlefields, scaffolds and in prison casemates, not only all of the Plantagenets’ direct assets perished, but also a significant part of the English lords and officials. The invasion of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Hour in English history.

Henry V (1413 -1422) Died in France, depriving his son Henry VI of nine months as king of England and France

Henry VI (1422 -1461) The king’s uncles, lacking servitude, could not cope with the situation in France - “dead” Joan of Arc (and died shortly after) John Bedford and Humphrey Gloucester (the king’s uncle) vs Henry Beaufort, archbishop cop Winchester (king's great-uncle) Henry VI becomes friends with Margaret, daughter of the “good king” René of Anjou (1444)

Richard York (1411 -1460) and Edmund Somerset before King Henry

Change of mind wars 1450 - Jack Ked's rebellion (actions: reform parliament and the judicial system, repeal the "Robotnik Statute" - cut wages, expel the lords responsible for the loss of French lands) - suppressed Richard York's self-destructive return from Ireland ii, trial of a peace treaty about taking Under the War of Somerset, the King takes an oath and breaks it. York is fooled. 1453 – the king falls into prostration (God's Villa). Prince Edward's birth. The king does not recognize his son. Margaret will demand regency, and parliament will appoint York as regent. 1454 - the king arrives, York peacefully goes into opposition. 1455 – glad to be with the queen and Somerset so that “the security of the king from the enemies” (enemies – York, Salisbury, Warwick)

Stage I of the war 22 May 1455 – Battle of St. Albans (!) Battle of the Town, Warwick’s outflanking maneuver, defeat of the Lancastrians: the death of Somerset, the king’s honor 1460 – York claims the right to the throne following the campaign against Henry III. 24th of the Year “The Act of Hereafter”: Henry reigns until the end of his life, as York declines. The Queen recruits an army and attacks York. At Christmas, under the hour of truce, the Lancastrians attack the Yorkists. York, his young son Edmund and other henchmen were killed, their heads are displayed on the lists under the walls of the city of York. Another battle of St. Albans, defeat of Warwick, the king was brought back

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, "The King's Dealer" 1428 -1471 A loyal ally of the Duke of York, helps his sons Weld with Edward IV through the native queens, move to the Lancastrians

Turning point in the war The meeting of Edward York with the Earl of Warwick, the return of London, the confession to parliament, the return to York and the funeral of the father The Battle of Towton - the defeat of the Lancastrians. The bringing of Queen Margaret and Prince Edward, the kinsmen of Henry VI, to the Tower

Stage II of the war Woodvilles, relatives of the queen (!!!). Prince Edward's turn. The transition of the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence to the Bay of Lancaster. The meeting of King Edward and Richard of Gloucester at Flanders The return of the brothers to England. 14th April 1471 - Battle of Burnet (Clarence's march back to his brothers, Warwick's death). May 4 - Battle of Tewkesbury, death of Prince Edward. Full of Queen Margariti, vikup by the French king. Death of Henry VI at the Vyaznitsa