Population of Belarusian cities. Dynamics of the number and structure of the population of Belarus. Ethnic population structure

17:13 — REGNUM The population in Belarus is shrinking, and, according to independent demographics, the trend is that regardless of the government, the population will continue to change and continue to change. About this year, 2 leaf falls, write the Belarusian “Economic Newspaper” in the material “There are few of us. There are fewer and fewer of us: the population has begun to decline again.”

We would like to remind you that on the 27th, the National Statistical Committee of Belarus presented data on the demographic situation in the country, which is why the population of the republic has changed since the beginning of 2017 more lower by 9.2 thousand points. As of January 1, according to Belstat, 9 million 495.8 thousand people lived in Belarus.

It is also noteworthy that since the beginning of the republic there have been over 53 thousand love affairs, and official separations - over 23 thousand, so there is one separation for approximately 2 new whores. However, if we compare this indicator with the other, it turns out that the 2017 birth rate will be 1.2 thousand more than the 2016 birth rate.

A positive effect was also the reduction in child mortality. Since in 2010 there were 4.7 deaths of children per thousand newborns, in 2014 there were 3.5 deaths, then by the end of 2017 this figure had become 2.9 deaths of newborns per thousand.

As “Ekonomichnaya Gazeta” says, over 9 thousand people, which Belarus spent in the first nine months of 2017, is the same number as the population of a small town. Moreover, according to the statistics, there are already 406 more people dying than in 2016 over the same period. In the same hour, 11-693 fewer people were born, compared with 2016. Thus, since the population of Belarus has experienced significant population growth, the situation has changed to a slow one. The natural population change has reached over 11.5 thousand people. The migration increase in the 2017 population also appeared to be low: a little more than 2.6 thousand individuals, and the price of 3.6 thousand people less than in comparison with current figures.

Based on the totality of these indicators, it seems doubtful that in Belarus it will be possible not only to keep demographic indicators on the same level, but also to increase the positive dynamics of population growth. Previously President of the Republic Oleksandr Lukashenko stating that it is necessary to reach a population of 15 million people. The number of the population older than this will continue to increase over the past century. At the beginning of 2017, this figure reached 25.3%, which is perhaps 2% more than before.

Thus, the forecast of independent demographers does not look positive at all. The population of Belarus continues to change, and this trend will continue. By 2030, without regulation of external migration, the republic will lose 9 million people.

Population of Belarus- the number of people who live permanently on the territory of the Republic. Before understanding the “population of Belarus”, similar meanings appear - “people of Belarus” and “Belarusian nation” (not to be confused with nationality).

If we immediately try to briefly characterize the population of the Republic of Belarus, we can say this: the Belarusian nation is old, with a high number of pensioners and a low population density, it is widely accepted that it lives important in places less than half occupied with the sphere of material production. Behind these obvious signs, the inhabitants of Belarus are little different from the population of the neighboring powers.

Belarus has guaranteed almost 100% literacy of the population over 10 years of age. I see that about 18% of the population are illuminating, another 26% are on average.

The last population census in the Republic took place in 2010. It became the starting point for further statistical research. Most of the earlier data relied heavily on the results of censuses of the Radian period and operational information. However, for the analysis and forecast of future changes, what is important is not absolute accuracy (state officials often see data that cannot be avoided), but rather the understanding of underlying trends.

The largest regions of Belarus by population growth in 2019 are:

Population by region and Minsk city (per cob; thousand people)

Republic of Belarus
Regions and metro station Minsk:
Brestska
Vitebsk
Gomelska
Grodno
Mogilivska

There are different approaches and methods of studying and classifying the population. Obviously, the most informative and adequate information will be an analysis of the structure of the marriage in connection with the economic situation. Of course, the citizens of the Republic of Belarus cherish their cultural identities, religious affiliations, political views, tastes, etc. However, the initial behavior of current Belarusians in the world has economic aspects. For the most part, the organizing cob is deprived of business and work space.

Coming from this, let's take a look, first of all, at the state-century structure of matrimony, and change it. What is especially important here is the performance of those who work and start, now and in the future. As a result, it will become possible to assess the feasibility and stage of economic independence of the marriage.

In the future, it would be possible to avoid the following dynamics of changing demographic situation:

Number and natural population growth: (per ear of rock; thousand osib)

Population
including:
All in all:
junior for service (0-15)
ancestral
overdue
Pitoma vaga zagalnye population size, hundreds
miskogo
rural
Natural increase, decrease (-) population, thousand. osib

1) Until 2017, men aged 16-59 years and women aged 16-54 years were brought up to the prime-date population. Beginning from the beginning of 2018, men and women were raised from 16 years to the legal retirement age.

Statistical data for the breakdown of the urban and rural population looks like this:

The size of the city and rural population by region and Minsk city (at the beginning of the year; thousand individuals)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Miska population
Republic of Belarus
Regions and metro station Minsk:
Brestska
Vitebsk
Gomelska
Grodno
Mogilivska
rural population
Republic of Belarus
Regions and metro station Minsk:
Brestska
Vitebsk
Gomelska
Grodno
Mogilivska

From this it is clear that in 2019 there was a slight decrease in the population of Belarus, which increased from 2015 by 5.7 thousand people or 0.47%.

According to statistics, there are three important emerging trends.

Over the course of the remaining decades, the population moved from rural areas to towns; the population decreased; mortality increased. Such an increase in the number of people and deaths due to wars and other disasters means an increase in the number of summer deaths among the population. This, in its turn, leads to the old nation and gives rise to new problems, zokrema.

One of these problems is often cited as the increase in the number of pensioners versus the number of workers.

On the basis of research in various powers, a number of coefficients have been identified that characterize the demographic situation from the point of view of the security of the family with labor resources:

• The coefficient of child recruitment (replacement) is the ratio of the number of individuals of the young age to the age of birth. In current Belarus the coefficient is close to 28%;
• The pension income coefficient is the ratio of the number of pensioners and workers. Nina in the Republic there are 61 pensioners per 100 working people.

The remaining two factors make economic forecasts even gloomier. Obviously, as a result, some of the workers are moving to the category of pensioners. However, there will be no one to take their place in the ruling system.

Thus, the nutritional shift will not be viewed from the point of view of social justice, but as an inevitable subset of demographic trends over the past decade.

Another important characteristic of the suspense system is the distribution of income among population groups and regions of the country. The capital outshines the provinces for equal goodness. The regions differ little from each other. A common pattern is the decrease in income in the world due to a decrease in the number of residents in a population center.

One cannot help but guess that the real incomes of the population may significantly exceed the declared ones. There are a number of reasons for this, one of which is the significant (but certainly not obvious) number of our spies who work behind the cordon, as a rule, without proper registration.

The next most important classifier for the economic system will be the division of the population by type of economic activity. According to the data of the National Statistical Committee, the situation can be presented as follows:

Number of employed population by types of economic activity (in hundreds up to the result)

Employed in the economy - everything
including:
rural, forest and ribne rulership
industry
industry
detailed industry
supply of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and air-conditioned rooms
water supply; collection, collection and disposal of outputs, activities to eliminate congestion
everyday life
wholesale and distribution trade; car repair and motorcycles
transport activities, warehousing, postage that courier activity
service for a long-hour stay and food service
Information and communications

Obviously, only the first three categories from the table are involved in the production of material goods. These concentrations have practically the entire export potential of the region. Looking at the situation from such a vantage point, one can come to the conclusion that 42% of the economically active population or, together with a small million workers, “grate” the nine million republic. Such a relationship would be attractive for a power with a high productivity of the country, a strong financial sector, and reserves of high-quality natural resources.

However, for today’s Belarus the situation that has developed is close to critical.

Between the 5th and 30th of leaf fall in 2018, the first stage of the population census of the Republic of Belarus in the 2020 round was completed in the republic using the method of compiling lists of budins and their locations in places, small-type settlements and large rural populations. ah. As a registrar, the workers of organizations that operate the housing stock and (or) provide housing and communal services. Thus, 187 individuals were caught from the Gomel region, 181 from the Minsk region, 164 from the Brest region, 158 from the Vitebsk region, 151 from the Mogilev region, 116 from the Grodno region, and 44 individuals from the Minsk region. Registrars keep track of both active and living people, in which the population may be living until the time of the population census in 2019, as well as non-living people, will occupy and organizations.

Not yet in such distant hours, Belarus (or as they are respected for the better name of the local residents - Belarus) was part of the graceful and inviolable Radyansky Union, but after the secession of this power, it became an independent kingdom In other words. The population of Belarus in 2019 will be a little less than 9,500,000 people.

This unique country, due to legal rights, can become an unparalleled power for rich people. There is virtually no unemployment here, despite the fact that the wages of working people are still very low. It is a strange situation that in Belarus it is practically impossible to meet homeless people, homeless people, or people addicted to alcohol. The extreme country has a power-economic system, which can be used entirely by countries that are unstable in terms of economic power.

Population of Belarus

The stated statistics indicate that the population of Belarus in 2019 will be approximately 9,500,000 people. It should be noted that the power is growing, but will continue to grow at an increasing pace. Approximately the numerical value, as the number of people living here increases, increases by 760 people during the period of the tragedy again.

As in other wealthy powers, here the unequal status of local residents is guarded against. With a portion of the beautiful population occupied by the great cordons, if we take statistics from the high-street population, then Belarus has 53% of women. As far as the largest half of the local population is concerned, there is an unequal relationship here, and from the people who lie down to the local inhabitants, Belarus has 47%.

Statistics show that the recent population growth could be further modified, so that Belarus would not have a high mortality rate among the great races. The average death rate for a single harvest in this country includes 320 mescal sacs, obviously, over the course of skin cancer, the rate increases sharply and reaches a numerical value of 77,750 sacs .

As expected, the density of the population of Belarus in 2019 will become a little less than 9,500,000 people. Of such a large number of local communities, 72% fall into the category of people in the primeval category. They are often unable to catch, and there are also 15 minutes of delay before they reach them, or 14%. As for the age-old category of people, their total population accounts for exactly 14%.

Ethnic warehouse of the population of Belarus

The current ethnic structure of the population of Belarus was formed as a result of the troubled historical development, under the influx of geographical, historical, socio-economic, political and ethnic officials.

Throughout history, the birth of the Belarusian ethnic group, the Belarusians, populated their ethnic territory in a compact massif. According to the indigenous nationality, the territory of Belarus has long been inhabited by Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Latvians, and Lithuanians, representatives of these peoples who hesitated in their direct negotiations with the Belarusians.
Population censuses provide us with a wealth of information about the national population. According to the data of the last census of 1999, representatives of over 130 nations and nationalities lived on the territory of Belarus. The largest numbers of them are Belarusians, Russians, Poles, Ukrainians and Jews (Figure 1, Table 1). The absolute majority of the population of the region are representatives of the indigenous Belarusian nationality. Thus, Belarusians become the cornerstone of the region for almost five-fifths of the total population (81.2%). This is typical both for places and for rural locality in almost all areas.

Belarus. According to the 1999 census data, 8158.9 thousand Belarusians lived on the territory of Belarus. The price is 254.3 thousand more people, lower than the 1989 census. Basically, the increase in the number of Belarusians on the territory of the republic in the 90s was due to the rapid pace of active remigration from other republics of the former Soviet Socialist Republic back to Belarus. In 1989, there were 10036.3 thousand people of Belarusian nationality in the territory of the Kolish Radyansky Union, of which 7904.4 thousand people (78.8%) lived on the territory of Belarus. Another 2131.7 thousand people (21.2%) of Belarusian nationality lived outside the republic, mainly in Russia (12.0%), Ukraine (4.4%), Kazakhstan (1.8%), Latvia (1. 2%) and in the republics, united at once, - 1.8%. Nina part of the Belarusians, like in other countries of the SND and the Baltics, has changed a lot, since the 90s, after the collapse of the USSR, there was a remigration of Belarusians to Belarus almost completely gone numerous republics.

Figure 1. Dynamics of changes in the numbers of the main national population groups of Belarus (based on population census data)
* Here and in the next little ones there are tributes for the times of guidance on the Gothic population

The largest balance of migration was recorded from Russia, the Baltic countries, and Kazakhstan, the republic in which the largest number of Belarusians lived. The maximum influx of population to Belarus almost from all the countries of the Soviet Socialist Republic fell in 1992, but with the remaining fates (1994-1999) the intensity of the influx of population dropped sharply. The remigration of Belarusians is due to a number of reasons. The main ones are the disintegration of the SRSR and the processes associated with it, as well as the intensified competition in the markets among the populations of the titular nationalities, the origin of national conflicts among the lower republics of the former SRSR. Since then, after the 1989 census, over 15% of all Belarusians who lived outside the borders of the Republic of Belarus on the territory of the former Soviet Socialist Republic returned to the republic. The intensity of the remigration of Belarusians is especially clearly visible when considering the number of migrants of Belarusian nationality who arrived from various powers, from the number of Belarusians who lived in these powers ah for the 1989 census. So, in the 90s before Belarus, the third from the Belarusians, who had lingered there in 1989, from the powers of Transcaucasia, from Virmenia - practically everyone; From the Baltic countries, the countries of Central Asia, and from Russia, over 15% of Belarusians who lived in these powers at the date of the 1989 census moved to Belarus.

Belarusians are favored in most of the regions of the republic, although in the Lida and Shchuchinsky districts they account for less than half of the population – 46 and 41% in total, and in the Voronivsky district – only 11%. The largest proportion of Belarusians is found in the Kopilsky, Lelchitsky and Ivanivsky districts - 95% each, and in the Stolinsky district - 96%.

Russian. The majority of Russians in the republic are of non-indigenous nationality; According to the 1999 census, their number was 1141.7 thousand people, 200.4 thousand less than the 1989 census. The change in this number is due to the significant increase in the Russian population after the collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic, the withdrawal of troops from the territory of the republic (where its part was significant), and as a result of assimilation processes . The largest number of Russian meanings are important in rural and similar areas of Belarus, social and areas with a more mobile part of the population. Thus, Russians account for 15% and more in such areas as Borisivsky, Kirovsky, Brestsky, Gomelsky, Grodno, Braslavsky, Vitebsky, Bobruisk, and this figure reaches its maximum value in the Polotsk region - 20%. And in such areas as Voronivsky, Ivivsky, Korelitsky, Gantsevichsky, Drogichensky, Ivanivsky, Lelchitsky and Stolinsky, Russians become less than 4% of the population.

The settlements of Russians in Belarus began to develop after the war between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1654-1667). Then, in the 17th-18th centuries of Belarus, groups of the Russian population settled - the Old Believers, as they found a source in religious re-studies. Stinks pervaded rural settlements in the Vitebsk, Vilensk, Minsk, and Mogilev provinces.

At the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, Russian landowners, officials, workers, villagers actively moved to Belarusian lands, bought land for landlords and treasuries.

During the period of the Radyansky Union, the number of Russians grew steadily - from 8% in 1959 to 13% in 1989. This increase was important due to the additional migration influx from different regions of the RRFSR. This process took place most intensively during the post-war period, so that a large number of qualified labor resources were needed to renovate the constructed plants, factories, administrative and residential premises. iv. In addition, a new industry has begun to develop in the republic: chemical, naphthorefining, radio electronics, automobile manufacturing, tractor manufacturing, more precisely, equipment manufacturing, production of mineral substances, engines, bearings However, it also required additional training for qualified fakivts. That's why most Russians settled in small settlements.

Poles. The third largest national group in Belarus is the Poles. According to the 1999 census, the republic was home to 395.7 thousand people of Polish nationality. There are 22 thousand fewer people, lower than the 1989 census. Importantly, most of them are located in the areas of the Grodno region, which borders Poland. What is important is the people of the village, whose ancestors also lived here. The share of Poles in a large part of the population of the republic is constantly changing, mainly due to natural changes, assimilation processes and migration. The resettlement of Poles to the territory of Belarus was demanded for the founding of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The most active migrations were between 1921 and 1939, when the outer regions of Belarus were under Polish rule.

The Poles are expanded across Belarus into a compact mass in the western and western regions of the country, and, importantly, in the rural areas. In the IVivsky, Grodno, Braslav, Zelvensky, Volkovysky, Lidsky districts, stench occurs over a quarter of the population (from 25 to 40%), in Shchuchinsky - half (51%), and in Voronivsky - the majority - 83%. Such a significant transfer of non-Indigenous nationality for Belarus is a guilty phenomenon. However, in the opinion of many followers, it is important to protect themselves from the Poles, who are actually “Polished” by the Belarusians. On the right is that these territories were part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for a long time, and later were under the rule of Poland, which, naturally, could not help but appear on the ethnic self-identity of the Belarusians, as the confusion came learn Catholicism and master the Polish language.

Ukrainians. According to the 1999 population census, 237 thousand Ukrainians live in Belarus. The number of people increased by 5 thousand in 1989, although in the past it has been steadily increasing.

The Ukrainians hesitate both in the rural localities of the regions that border the border of Ukraine and in the regions of Belarus. Their settlements have long been built in the pristine regions of Belarus, in the Polish zone.

Data from the latest population census showed that the majority of people of this nationality live mainly in the wetland and wetland regions of Belarus. Thus, in Zhabinki, Kobrin, Brest, Bragin, Kamyanets and Maloritsky districts, the Ukrainian population is over 5%. In the central and southern territories of Ukraine, an insignificant part of the population is growing. In 27 districts of the republic, their share is less than 1%. Among them: Oshmersky, Ivivsky, Voronovsky, Korelytsky, Myadelsky, Kopilsky, Sharkivshchinsky, Ushatsky and others.

Jews. In addition to representatives of these nationalities, the number of which exceeds 100 thousand individuals, representatives of smaller national groups linger in the republic. The largest of them are Jews. Jews will lose one-fifth of the population of the national group of Belarus, but the number of this nationality has changed significantly since the 1989 census (by 84.2 thousand people) and There are a total of 27.8 thousand people (0.3% of the total population). In 1989, the won had 112 thousand inhabitants and became 1.1% of the population. According to the population census of 1939, 375.1 thousand Jews lived in Skhidnaya Belarus, 6.7% of the population. The smells became different in size to the national population group. The shortened number and proportion of the Jewish nationality on the territory of the republic is due to a low reason: migration has been promoted after the liquidation of the “Rise of Silence” in the early days of Radyan rule, in spend during the Great German War in 1941-1944, increase in mixed loves, travel to the great places of Russia and Ukraine. In the remaining 10 years, the number of this national group has decreased significantly due to intensive travel outside the countries of the SND and the Baltics. During 1989-1999, Belarus allowed over 130 thousand people to travel abroad. Among them, a significant portion were individuals of Jewish nationality, and a particularly large portion were among those who lived in the years 1989-1995.

The first Jews on the Belarusian land appeared in the 8th century as a result of migration movements from the Near Descent. And for a little while, in the 11th century, and from the territory of Western Europe, signs of religious persecution flowed. Jewish immigration reached its greatest scale in the 16th century, when the territory of present-day Belarus began to be invaded not only by representatives of the great financial capital, but also by the middle and poor faiths of the Jewish population. Nya. Thus, “the total number of the Jewish population on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 60s of the 16th century reached 20 thousand people, and until 1628 - close to 40 thousand. The story of Z.Yu. Kopisky, in the towns and villages of Belarus Jews became 2 to 10% of the population.

An important part of the Jews of Tsarist Russia lived in the territory of present-day Belarus, Poland and Ukraine, some of which included the zone of the so-called “Rice of Silence”. Thus, according to the 1897 census, there were a total of 5,189,401 Jews in the Russian Empire, which was close to 4% of the total population, and in the Grodno province - 17.4%, Vilensk - 1 5.4, Vitebsk - 11.7, Minsk - 16 , 0, Mogilevsky – 12.1%.

A significant part of the Jewish population lived in such settlements as Vitebsk, Brest, Grodno, Minsk, Pinsk, Slutsk, Mogilov, Gomel and in.

As the 1999 census showed, individuals of Jewish nationality settled throughout the territory dispersedly, thus not creating a compact array of residence. In 60 districts of the republic (which is practically half the size), their portion is less than one tenth of the total population. The highest value is achieved in Orsha (0.4%), Mogilev (0.4%), Mozyr (0.4%), Bobruisk (0.6%), Gomel (0.7%), Vitebsk (0.7% ) ) areas and in Minsk (0.6%).

Table 1. National warehouse of the population of Belarus
(data from population censuses)

Nationality	Number of people, thousand people					1999% until 1989
All population
Belarus
Ukrainians
Azerbaijanis
Moldavan
Others did not indicate
Part of the population, in hundreds
All population
Belarus
Ukrainians
Azerbaijanis
Moldavan
Others did not indicate

Other nationalities. Until representatives of smaller national groups of the population who live on the territory of Belarus, and there are more than 10 thousand individuals, belong to the Tatars. The number of people living in the republic is rapidly increasing. Corresponding to the data of the 1959 census, it increased more than five times and amounted to 10.2 thousand persons as of the date of the 1999 census. The number of warmen grew especially actively in the last decade, more than twice as much. The Tatars have lived in the republic for several generations. Their number, according to the 1999 census, was 10.1 thousand individuals versus 12.6 thousand according to the 1989 census and 8.7 thousand according to the 1959 census. Beside these nationalities, the Gypsies, Lithuanians, Azerbaijanis, Germans, Moldovans, Georgians, Latvians linger on the territory of Belarus. Other peoples living on the territory of Belarus as of the date of the 1999 census are innumerable (less than one thousand).

Local characteristics of the population

Movna asimilation. In Belarus, in the larger world, even in the vastness of other countries, there is a marked assimilation and duality of the population. Almost the entire population of Belarus understands two native languages, Belarusian and Russian.

The main assimilation is revealed in the fact that groups of the population of the same nationality, being in close socio-economic and cultural contact with another nationality, follow their language and through transition Well, the stage of duality is beginning to be introduced to this new language. For Belarusians, as well as for all national minorities who linger on the territory of Belarus, a typical transition to Russian language. It should be noted that this process proceeds for a long time, which requires a painful period. There were also factors on the territory of Belarus that significantly accelerated this process: the closeness of the Russian and Belarusian countries, the global economic, social and political space in the large Russian Union, etc. No labor, business, scientific contacts or anything.

Throughout the war, there was a growing number of people in the republic who called the Russian family their own. Since in 1959 only 6.8% of Belarusians called their native Russian, in 1970 - 9.8, in 1979 - 16, then the 1989 population census showed that this figure rose to 19.7%, so every fifth Belarusian my dear Russian. This very trend was also characteristic of other national groups. Since the beginning of the 90s, after the collapse of the Radyansky Union, with the growth of national self-confidence, as well as the increased role of the Belarusian language in married life, the situation has changed.

In 1990, the people in Belarus praised the Law on Language. According to this law, the Belarusian language gained the status of a sovereign, which was embodied in the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus in 1994. This served as a process of activation of the growing number of Belarusian languages ​​in the republic, which can have a positive effect on the growing number of people in Belarus who are willing to follow the Belarusian language.

On May 14, 1995, a national referendum was held. The Nyumu suffered the same fate as 64.8% of the region's inhabitants. 83.3% of the population voted for the introduction of the Russian language as another sovereign state, as they took part in the referendum, and thus, the Russian language was given equal status with the Belarusian language.

At the 1999 census, the nutritional status of the middle population was taken into account in a complex manner, so that the population was asked to indicate not only their native language, but also the language that they use to pay for food at home, and the other language that they live in Volodya.

Ridna mova. According to the 1999 census, among the population of the region, 81.9% of residents of the region named the language of their nationality and 18.1% indicated the language of other nations (Table 2). In 1989, the rate of growth was clearly 78 and 22%. The Belarusian language, the language of the indigenous nationality of the Republic of Belarus, according to the 1999 census, was named by 73.7% of the population of the region. This is much more, less than 10 reasons for that. According to the 1989 census data, only 65.6% of the population respected the native Belarusian language.

Russian language was called native by 21.9% of the population of the region, according to the 1989 census, Russian language was respected by native 31.9% of the population.

Table 2. Distribution of the population by nationality and locality, 1999

	Number of people, thousand people	From the number of people, in %	How they told me the native language
		respect the native language of your nationality	Belarusian	Russian	other
All population
Belarus
Ukrainians

According to the 1999 population census, 14.3% of Belarusians respect their native Russian. Less than 20 years ago. Significantly, this is due to the growth of national self-knowledge, and also to the fact that the Belarusian population census of 1999 made it possible to distinguish between the concept of “real language” and “the language that people speak at home.”

Slid to bending, Shcho census showing the zbilshennya bilorusko that is the most often Rosiysko Yak "Rail" Yak Sereda Bilororusv, and the sowel of the hotyroks of the new national groups, ShO at the Respubbletsi.

Malyunok 2. Movna asimilation Republic of Belarus
(For data from the 1999 census)

Thus, in the Ukrainian part of the population, which was called during the census of the population of the Belarusian region, increased from 5.9% in 1989 to 14.3% in 1999, among Poles - from 63.9 to 67.1%. There are so many of them who respect my native Belarusians among the Poles, due to the fact that most of them live in rural areas, together with Belarusians, until now All individuals who attribute Polish nationality to themselves are, in fact, native Belarusians, who accepted the Catholic faith, which was highly regarded as a transition to Polish nationality. This figure among Russians (some of the people who respect their native Belarusians) increased from 2.2 to 9.1%. The incidence of the virus is highest among Jews - from 2.1 to 17.1%, compared with all other people.

At the same time, despite the decline in Russian assimilation, some people who respect Russian language with their own language are losing significance. The latest population census showed that the Russian language was called native by 90.7% of Russians, 77% of Jews, 42.8% of Ukrainians, 16.2% of Poles and 14.3% of Belarusians.

The other side of global assimilation lies in the fact that national groups not only move to another country, but also suddenly “forget” their native land. This rice is most typical for Poles, and especially for Jews. If in 1959 48.6% of Poles recognized their native Polish language, then in 1999 - only 16.5%. Among Jews this figure is even lower, dropping from 21.9% in the 1959 birth to 5.4% in the 1999 birth. The people of Russia and Belarus who are the least affected by this process. So it was in 1959 that 100% of Russians recognized their native language, and in 1999 this figure became 90.7%. In Belarusians, this indicator became 93.2 and 85.6% consistent. Most of the Ukrainians who live on the territory of Belarus are those who, from 1959 to 1999, reach a constant share of their nationality, approximately 40-50%, approximately Ukrainian language is called Noya.

The language that is used to break the prayer at home. The population of Belarus is characterized by a high proportion of the population who speak at home not of their own nationality, but of Russian. According to the 1999 census data, less than 45% of the population reported their nationality at home. 3683 thousand people, or 36.7% of the population of the republic, go to Belarus to pray at home (Div. Table 3).

Table 3. Distribution of the population by nationality and the type of people who spend their meals at home, 1999

	Number of people, thousand people	From the number of people, they indicated the language they used to pray at home, in %
		Belarusian	Russian	other
All population
Belarus
Ukrainians

Of these, 3,373 thousand people (92%) became Belarusians. However, among all Belarusians, their pet food is less than half, only 41.3%, while from Poles more than half (57.6%) pray at home with Belarusian food.

6308 thousand people, or 62.8% of the total population of the republic, named the Russian language as a language, because they want to live at home. Of these, 4,783 thousand people are Belarusians. Among Belarusians, their total share was 58.6%.

In some places there are quiet people who live in the houses of Russian significance, but there is less rural locality (div. table 4).

Table 4. Distribution of the urban and rural population according to nationality and the kind they pray at home
(1999 rіk, in vіdsotkah)

Nationalities	Miska population		rural population
	Belarusian	Russian	Belarusian	Russian
All population
Belarus
Ukrainians

As is obvious from the data in Table 4, for all the great nationalities in Belarus, my main language is Russian.
Therefore, in places there is more ethnicity, less rural localism, there are more often more international lovers, which means a growing zeal for enlightenment, which is increasingly becoming a stronger role and Russian - international language.

Malyunok 3. Part of the special nationality that they called their nationality.

Socio-economic dimensions. The 1999 population census revealed similar significant differences in the levels of urbanization, lighting, unemployment, economic activity, and other economic characteristics among various national groups.

The census revealed the differentiation of the portions of people who live in places, among the largest national groups that live in the territory of the Republic of Belarus: Belarusians - 5498 thousand people, which is 67.4% all individuals of a given nationality; Russians – 972.7 thousand (85.2%), Poles – 215.1 thousand (54.4%), Ukrainians – 184.8 thousand (78%), Jews – 27.2 thousand (97.8%) , other nationalities – 637 thousand individuals (75.9%) (Table 5)

Table 5. Relationships of people who live in places and rural localities in the five national groups of the Republic of Belarus
(based on data from the 1999 population census)

Nationality	All population		Miska population		rural population
All population
Belarus
Ukrainians

Compared to the entire population of the republic, there are fewer Belarusians and Poles, and more Russians, Ukrainians, and especially Jews.

Ethnic differences between local and rural populations are the result of historical features in the formation of the national structure of Belarus. Thus, according to the 1897 census, in Minsk more than half of the inhabitants were Jews - 51.2%, in another place for the number of people were Russians - 25.5, in the third - Poles - 11.4, and Belarusians - only in fourth place, becoming less than 9% of the total number of residents. This is approximately the same national warehouse in other places. Thus, Vitebsk had 34,440 Jews, or 52% of the entire population of the city, Brest - 30,260 (65%), Grodno - 22,684 (48%), Pinsk - 21,065 (74%), Slutsk 10,264 (77%), Mogilyovo. 21547 (50%), Gomel – 20385 (55%).

The rural population was represented mainly by indigenous inhabitants - Belarusians, as well as Poles.

The movements of hundreds of Jewish population in localities and small towns are explained by the policy of the tsar's rule. Thus, on May 3, 1882, the “Temporal Rules” were published, according to which Jews were prohibited from settling in rural areas, renting land and buying land in some places, engaging in agriculture and bestiality.

Illuminate the rhubarb. The historical differences between representatives of different nationalities and backgrounds. The census showed that per 1000 individuals of a given nationality, for example, there are 120 Belarusians, 261 Russians, 89 Poles, 221 Ukrainians and 405 Jews (div. Table 6).

Table 6. Rate of awareness of specific nationalities of the Republic of Belarus (per 1000 individuals of a specific nationality are identified, according to the 1999 population census)

Nationality	Things are average and basic	including		Pochatkov
		things	middle and basic
Belarus
Ukrainians

Century Warehouse. Different national groups of the population are completely divided behind the state warehouse (Figure 4). The largest proportion of the productive population in their structure are Ukrainians, Russians and Belarusians (66%, 63% and 56%, respectively), the least - Jews - 46%.

In fact, at least half of the Jews who live in Belarus are people of the pension age, while some of the Belarusians and Russians are pensioners, accounting for less than a fifth of their total number.

It is also important to pay attention to the process of the aging population. Particularly alarming is the change in the proportion of children and young people in the population structure, which surrounds the possibility of replenishment of labor resources, leaving retirement not full. This compensates the young as they enter their prime age.

Malyunok 4. Population structure of several nationalities of the Republic of Belarus among economic groups
(based on data from the 1999 population census)

A low proportion of children is characteristic of almost all the largest national groups living in Belarus. Thus, the age group up to 10 years among Russians, Poles and Ukrainians becomes 7.5%, 9.6 and 4.6%, and among Jews – less than 2.6%. Among Belarusians, this age group exceeds 10% (Figure 5, Table 7).

Malyunok 5. Population structure of several nationalities of the Republic of Belarus over the century (according to the 1999 population census)

Table 7. Population structure of several nationalities of the Republic of Belarus over the century (according to the 1999 population census; in hundreds)

nationality	Usyogo	including in the world, rocks
										70 and older
Belarus
Ukrainians

Spheres of zastosuvannya pratsi. The population census also showed that there are interethnic divisions in the spheres of socialization (div. table 8). The smells are connected not only with the specifics of the historical development of peoples, but also with their various social characteristics (we must first understand urbanization). These findings, importantly, began to attract the respect of sociologists, demographers, and the rest of the population. The main reason for the rise of respect to this problem is the situation that has developed in the division of labor resources.

Table 8. Employment of the population of each nationality of the Republic of Belarus (% of the total number of employed population of a given nationality; according to the 1999 population census)

	Usyogo	Belarus	Russian	Poles	Ukrainians	Jews
All population
of them:
Kerivniki (representatives) of the authorities and management of all levels, including Kerivnik installations, organization and enterprises and their structural subdivisions
specialists of a high level of qualification
mid-level specialists
services involved in the preparation of information, documentation, provision and services
workers in the service sector, housing and communal services, trade and other types of activities
qualified practitioners of the agricultural, forest, and Mysli dominions, the ribnitsa and the fishing industry
qualified robot workers of great and large industrial enterprises, artistic trades, everyday life, transport, communications, geology and exploration
operators, equipment operators, plant and machine operators, product selectors
unskilled robot workers

Thus, among the kernel (representative) bodies in charge of all levels, including kernel installations, the organization and enterprises of their structural subdivisions (in hundreds of up to the total number will occupy of the population of the same nationality), Belarusians become 9.9%, Poles – 8.5, Ukrainians – 13.0, Russians – 13.6, and Jews – 24.3%. The picture is approximately the same among high-qualification leaders, with the highest percentage among Jews, Russians and Ukrainians – 35.3, 23.3, 18.3% of the total, and the lowest among Belarusians – 14.6%, as well as among the Poles – 13 .0%. Currently, the employment structure of Belarusians and Poles is being disrupted by a greater number of qualified workers employed by the agricultural, forestry, and agricultural dominions, the industry and the fishing industry – 5.3 and 7.0% obviously. Among Russians, Ukrainians and Jews this figure is 2.8%, 5.2 and 0.2%.

Thus, a higher level of awareness and urbanization (as is obvious, in the localities themselves the main administrative-state, cultural, cultural, scientific and other functions) are significant. This corresponds to the fact that in the employment structure of Ukrainians, Russians, and especially Jews, the highest a number of ceramic workers and specialists of a high level of qualification.

At the same time, a significant part of the Belarusians and Poles live in the rural locality, which means that part of their part is assigned to the rural and forest dominion.

Jobless. At the same time, respect has significantly increased to such a show as the level of unemployment, which significantly means the state of the market and shows the state of the economy of the region. According to census data, the unemployment rate of the republic in 1999 became 6.2% of the total economically active population (6.8% in small towns and 4.6% in rural towns).

This indicator also differs significantly among national groups (div. table 9).

Table 9. Population of different nationalities by level of unemployment; according to the 1999 population census data (the proportion of unemployed people among the economically active population of a given nationality; among hundreds)

Nationality	All population	Miska population	rural population
In Belarus
Belarus
Ukrainians

The highest unemployment rate is among Russians – 7.6% and Ukrainians – 6.4%; among Belarusians and Poles the rate is 6.0 and 5.6%. The lowest unemployment rate among Jews is less than 4.8%. If we compare this indicator with the level of urbanization between national groups, we can note the following pattern: what is worth the level of urbanization, then the level of unemployment is higher.

The blame goes out to the Jews, who have a minimum level of unemployment in the middle of the five largest national groups equal to urbanization. Significantly, this is the result of advanced migration activity of this ethnic group: dissatisfaction with their social, material and other status, which goes to the forefront.

1 – Kasperovich G.I. Migration of population at the place and ethnic processes. Minsk. Science and technology, 1985
2 - Ioffe E.G. Sides of the history of Jews in Belarus. Minsk, 1996

The population of Belarus, according to the statistical committee, was perhaps nine and a half million. Among the SND powers, this is the fifth place after the Russian Federation, Ukraine, as well as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The population of Belarus exceeds the number of giants (1.3 times), as well as Denmark (twice). Below, this figure has been compared with Sweden, Austria and Bulgaria. The number of inhabitants of Belarus is approximately the same as the population of Greece, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Belgium, Yugoslavia and other countries.

The period that extends from the war years to the nineties of the last century, characterized by a trend towards a steady increase in the inhabitants of the region, as a result of which the population of Belarus has increased significantly. During the last decade of the 20th century, the rate of increase in the number of residents of the region began to decrease significantly.

The economic reforms of the Perebudov era affected many aspects of people’s lives. The transition to market deposits, the disappearance of informal activities, the rise of private business, the increase in unemployment - all these officials played a vital role in changing the minds of the population. There were signs of this also in the dynamics of numbers, composition, as well as the process of creation of people who live in the region.

Since 1993, Belarus, whose population began to decline, entered a stage of depopulation. The change in the number of citizens was argued for the shift in the level of mortality over the population. The result of this process is the gradual collapse of the country to the status of a rival power (in terms of numbers).

The population of Belarus has a rich national warehouse. Representatives of one hundred and thirty nationalities are procrastinating in the state. What matters is the number of Belarusian citizens. The total population of this area is eighty-one hundred.

The largest number of Belarusians live in Minsk and at this time their number as a whole is steadily increasing.

The wealth of other nationalities was gradually changing during the historical period. Having experienced direct dependence on external and internal factors (migration, war, etc.). Invariably, the representatives of another numerical group of the population were Russian people. This nation is equal to eleven hundred. A large number of landowners, villagers and officials began to live in Belarus after its annexation to the Russian Empire. During the period of the founding of Radian rule, the ethnic group in its numbers exceeded the Polish and Jewish ones, which corresponded to the geopolitics of the USSR. Where representatives live is important.

The population of Belarus in its northern and western regions is represented by a great population of Poles. It will become as high as hundreds of people in the total number of tourists in this region. An insignificant amount of migration of the population of Polish nationality was guarded in the middle century. Today, most representatives of this region live in the Grodno region. The stench does not smack of any daily significance in the Belarusians in some household and cultivated rice.