The battle of the peoples under Leipzig was fought. Battle of the peoples under Leipzig. Raztashuvannya forces before the battle

The battle near Leipzig took place on July 16-19, 1813. Vaughn was the largest in all history right up to the First World War. Not only the French fought on Napoleon’s boots, but also the British kingdoms of Saxony, Württemberg and Italy, which were also part of the empire, the Kingdom of Naples, the Duchy of Warsaw and the Rhine Union. The anti-French coalition of the VI, the Russian and Austrian empires, the kingdoms of Sweden and Prussia, opposed the new. This very same battle is also called the Battle of the Peoples - there were regiments of Mayzha from the Us of Europe.
On the back, Napoleon, having occupied the central camp of the mizh kіlkom with armies, attacked the nearest Bogemska, which was formed from the Russian and Prussian troops, being able to defeat them until the arrival of others. Becoming angry on the great territory, the battles went on at once for a sack of strength. Until the end of the day, the battle lines of the allies were frozen. For three years now, the stench has mostly defended itself. Napoleon's troops were thwarted by attacks, at once I tried to break through 10 thousand cavalrymen of Marshal Murat in the area of ​​​​the village of Wachau, as if the counterattack of the Life Guards of the Cossack Regiment was more than enough. A lot of historians reconcile, that Napoleon could win the battle of the first day, but he didn’t get a troch of daylight - it became impossible to continue the attack at the darkness.
On the 17th of July, local battles took place, less than the deyak of the village, the greater part of the viysk dezdiyala was more important. 100 thousand reinforcements went to the allies. 54 thousand of them (this is the name of the Polish army of General Bennigsen (that is the Russian army that came from the territory of Poland)) appeared on the same day. Napoleon instantly invested only in the corps of Marshal von Dubep, which for the whole day did not come. The emperor of the French, having issued a proposition to the allies about a truce, and that may not be the next day of battle - a check for reconciliation. I was not honored with yoga.
With the help of the 18th anniversary of the war of Naloleon, new positions were taken. It was about 150 thousand, vrakhovuychi, that at night the Russian kingdoms of Saxony and Württemburg switched to the opposite side. The allied army sent 300,000 soldiers to the fire. The stinks attacked all day, but they could not take the enemy's vicious blows. The deyaks of the village took the stench, but they only darkened, but they didn’t freeze and broke through the battle order.
On the 19th day of Napoleon's army, which were lost, the entrance began. And then it was announced that the emperor, having given up more than enough to overcome, only one road was left for the entrance - to Weissenfels. How did it sound like a trap in all the wars right up to the 20th century, causing the most losses.
Napoleon suddenly, in a short hour, took a great army, and suddenly spent it. So the result of the attack after the Battle of the peoples of the wines, having used the vag of burying the land beyond the borders of France, it is necessary to put such a number of people under the towel of the three wines no longer mav. That's why the battle was so important - if it was won in numbers, and in resources, it was always on the battles of the allies.

In the rich history of mankind, there were impersonal glittering commanders and impersonal great battles. Most of these battles were saved in chronology only for the name of the mass, the stench became. Other, more large-scale, Mali, Crimea, more names. The Battle of the Peoples near Leipzig in 1813 is itself one of those. Among the battles of the epoch of the Napoleonic wars, there are most of them for the majority of the country-participant in nomu. Near Leipzig itself, the Chergovian coalition of the European powers made a new and most important attempt to strengthen the march of the French army across the continent.

Rehistory and change of mind for the creation of the 6th coalition

The star of a talented commander originally from the island of Corsica flared up brightly during the period of the French Revolution. The very march in the country, as well as the intervention of the European powers, markedly eased the sweatshop through Napoleon's service gatherings. Inspired by the victory on the battlefields, the flooring was made popular among the bulk of the people, who, without any rubbish and stinginess, made their own infusion for vtruchannya at the inner right edge. Yogo's role is to take a decision sovereign food grew up. The transfer to the settlement of the first consul was short-lived and did not show his ambitions. As a result of 1804, the fate of the wines voted France an empire, and himself - an emperor.

Such a camp was right on the back of the head, calling out to fight that anxiety in the sudnіh krajn. Another hour of the Great French Revolution, anti-French coalitions were created. Basically, the initiators of this enlightenment were 3 powers - England, Austria and Russia. The skin of the countries participating in the alliance is small in its meta. The first two coalitions, organized before the coronation of Napoleon, fought with a change of success. As in the period of the I coalition, having successfully supported the French army under the ceremonial of the future emperor, then under the hour of founding another coalition of the European empires, the cup of there was shattered at the greed of the alliance. The main merit in the victory lay with the Russian army under the ceremonial work of the eminent commander A. V. Suvorov. The Italian campaign ended with a win over the French. Swiss pokhіd buv mensh far away. The successes of the Russians, the English and the Austrians, attributed to their own, supplementing them with territorial additions. Such an unscrupulous vchinok has created dissension between the allies. The Russian Emperor Pavlo I responded to such a negligent gesture with a peaceful favor for France, and he began to plan against other partners. Prote Oleksandr I, who replaced yoga on the throne in 1801, turning Russia into an anti-French tabir.

The III coalition began to take shape a few hours after the coronation of Napoleon and the deafening of the French Empire. Before the union, Sweden and the Kingdom of Naples joined. The members of the alliance were very turbulent by the outrageous plans of the Emperor of France. To that the coalition is given a small zahisny character. About yakіs teritorialnі pridbannya pіd hour of combat action was not mentioned. The main voice was fighting for the defense of its cordons. Starting from 1805 and ending with fate in 1815, the opposition to France took on a different character, disguised as anti-French in the Napoleonic wars.

Unfortunately, the III Coalition did not reach the set goal. Austria was particularly affected. At the same time in 1805, the French defeated the Austrians at Ulm, and in a month Napoleon entered the urochist before Vidnya. On the cob of the chest was the "Battle of the Three Emperors" at Austerlitz, which ended with the defeat of the Russian-Austrian army, as if the number of the supernik was overturned. The Austrian sovereign Franz I specially added Napoleon's headquarters for the negotiation of peace, signed in Presburz. Austria recognized the French conquest and was embarrassed to pay an indemnity. So I had a chance to act under the title of Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Under the patronage of Napoleon, the Confederation of the Rhine of the German powers was created. Only then did Prussia decide to succumb and switch to the bik coalition. In this rank, the beginning of the end of a thousand-year foundation of a formal empire. In the meantime, the allies were struck by the Franco-Spanish fleet against the English at Miss Trafalgar in 1805. Napoleon had a chance to say goodbye to the idea of ​​​​burying England.

The V coalition actually turned against France against Austria, as it turned to the tune, as England gave help. Prote war between the parties was three times more than pivroku (from Thursday to July 1809). The end of the resistance was already fought in 1809 in the Battle of Wagram, which ended with the defeat of the Austrians, with a distant entrance, and then with the signing of Shenbrunsk land.

In this rank, the coalition did not succeed in achieving success in the battles against Napoleon's army. The Emperor of France tactfully accepted the decision and took the mountain over the enemy. The only superman who crossed the panuvannya of Bonaparte, bula England. It seemed that the French military was unbearable. However, the whole myth of ruining in 1812 roci. Russia, not fit with the blockade of England, began the Daedalus to lessen the minds of the Tilsit world. In the midst of the Russian Empire and France, the blues cooled step by step, the docks did not outgrow the war. The Austrians and the Prussians marched on the battlefield of the French army, as they announced the deeds of the territorial advancing at the time of the success of the campaign. Pokhіd Napoleon z Mayzhe pіvіmillionnoy army rozpochavsya chervnі 1812 rock. Having spent the greater part of their soldiers in the battle of Borodino, they planted a quavering step back home. Pokhіd for Bonaparte to Russia ending povnim fiasco. Mayzha, all the greatness of the military was killed like in battles with the enemy, so even with a spishny entrance, yak was achieved by partisan pens. The myth about the impermeability of the French army of developments.

Preparation of the parties before the war. VI coalition

The success of Russia in the war with France instilled in the її allies the confidence that in the residual transfer over Bonaparte. Alexander I did not rest on his laurels. It is not enough for youmu to take out the enemy from the territory of his own state. Vіn mav namіr to conduct a fight until the complete rout of the supernik from yoga territory. The Russian Emperor wants to greet the new war Shosta coalition.

Napoleon Bonaparte is also not sitting idle. Having reached Paris with a little money, which was lost in the eyes of the great army, in the other half of the chest in 1812, the fate of the wines literally saw the decree about the general mobilization. The number of conscripts, selected from the empire, reached 140 thousand people, another 100 thousand were transferred from the National Guard to the regular army. Dekilka thousand soldiers turned from Spain. In this rank, the total number of the new army became mayzhe 300 thousand osib. Part of the newly-created armada, the Emperor of France, at the end of 1813, sent the stepson to Eugene Beauharna for the streaming of the Russian-Prussian army, which united, near Elbi. The war of the Shostoy coalition with Napoleon was already inevitable.

As far as the Prussians are concerned, then King Frederick William III did not hesitate to go to war against France. A change of decision made the Russian army push through the borders of Prussia and the friendly proposition of Alexander I came to fight against the opposite enemy. It is impossible to miss the chance to get even with the French in the past strikes. Friedrich Wilhelm III, having conquered Silesia, until the end of September 1813, took more than a hundred thousand soldiers.

In an hour, having occupied Poland, the Russian army, under the command of the hero of the Battle of Borodino, Kutuzov, straightened up to Kapisha, de in the middle of the fierce, it hit the small Saxon military commander Renje. The very same here the tabir of the Russians was roztashuvavsya, and also, for example, a contract was signed by the Prussians about spivpratsyu. For example, Friedrich Wilhelm III officially announced the French war. Until the middle of the birch, Berlin and Dresden were ringing. The entire central Nіmechchina appeared as a paid off Russian-Prussian army. On the cob of the day, the Allies sacked Leipzig.

However, on whom the success was lost. The new commander of the Russian army, General Wittgenstein, is very inconsistent. On the cob of the grass, Napoleon's army went on the offensive and in the general battle of Lutzen it won. Dresden and all of Saxony were again occupied by the French. For example, the great battle of Bautsen was celebrated on the Chergovy Month, on which the French army was celebrating the New Year. However, insults were given to Napoleon at the cost of spending, which the two women outweighed the spending of the allies. The new commander of the Russian army, Barclay de Tolli, is on the front line of the front, without stopping to enter the battle with the enemy, giving the upper hand to the entrance, which cherges with other things. This tactic paid off. A pause was needed with the help of the post-warnings and the expenditures of the French army. Moreover, desertions became more frequent. On the cob of wormwood, the parties near Poyshvitsa signed a short-hour truce. Tsej dogovіr zіgrav into the hands of the allies. Sweden came to the middle of the earth before the coalition, and England promised to help with finances. Austria half-heartedly acted as an intermediary in the future peace negotiations. However, Napoleon did not dare to spend, and they were more divided by swampy territories. To this, Emperor Franz II praised the Trachenberz plan of the allies. On September 12, Austria crossed to the camp of the coalition. The end of the scythe of proishov with the change of success of the parties, and the army of Napoleon significantly improved both in terms of losses in battles, and in terms of sickness and desertion. The spring passed calmly, there were no great battles. Having offended the camps, they pulled up reserves and prepared for the decisive battle.

Raztashuvannya forces before the battle

On the cob of corn, the Russians attacked uncontrollably and attacked Westphalia, de king was the young brother of Napoleon Jerome. Bavaria, having shrunk with good fortune, spread to the camp of the allies. The situation escalated. A great battle was imminent.

On the cob of the battle, the VI coalition, for different dzherel, zumila took together from the numerical reserves of a millionth army. The whole majestic armada was divided into sprats of armies:

1. Bohemian keruvav Schwarzenberg.
2. Silesian commander of Blucher.
3. Deceased to the Swedish throne Bernadotte Bov on the choli of the Pivnіchnoi army.
4. Polske Viysko Ocholyuvav Bennigsen.

Nearly 300 thousand people were picked up on the plains of Leipzig for 1400 garmats. Prince Schwarzenberg was appointed commander-in-chief of the coalition forces, victorious over the punishment of three monarchs. The stench planned to take Napoleon's army into a hoop and destroy it. The armies of the Emperor of France and її allies were reported 1.5 times in number and 2 times in firepower to the supernik. The deacons of the German powers of the Rhine Union, the Poles and the Danes acted at the yoga army. Bonaparte was planning to give the battle of Bohemian and Silesian armies before the arrival of other feasts. The share of Europe is small for Leipzig.

First day of battle

Early on July 16, 1813, the opponents stormed the plains near the city. The very day is respected as the official date of the battle of the peoples near Leipzig. About the 7th year, coalition forces began to attack first. The village of Vakhau was used by this method. The protégés of Napoleon's divisions in which they directly threw the supernik back. For an hour, a part of the Bohemian army tried to cross over to the opposite bank of the Place river, in order to attack the lion wing of the French army, but was slammed by heavy artillery fire. Until noon, the parties could not push forward a meter. After noon, Napoleon prepared a plan to break through the center of the coalition army, which was weakened. The French artillery (160 garmats), Kerovan A. Drouot, was resolutely camouflaged; Until the 15th of the day, the feast and cinematography under Murat's ceramics entered the battle. The Prussian-Russian army under the command of Prince Wurtenbersky stood up to him, as it was already weakened by the artillery of General Drouot. The French cavalry simply broke through the center of the allied army for help. The road to the camp of the three monarchs was full of water, 800 meters long were left behind. Napoleon was getting ready to celebrate the victory. However, the Battle of the Peoples near Leipzig could not end so easily and quickly. Russian Emperor Oleksandr I coined such a move against the enemy and that important moment ordering the French to let the Russian-Prussian reserve forces of Sukhozanet and Raevskogo, as well as Kleist’s death, go ahead of the French. Instructed by Tonberg from his encampment on the hillock, Napoleon watched over the course of the battle and realized that the coalition had practically won over, having corrected the very hot spot of the kіnnot and the pihotu. Bonaparte zbiravsya virishit the result of the battle before the arrival of the reserve armies of Bernadotte and Benigsen. Ale on zustrіch yogo the help of the Austrians threw their strength. Then Napoleon sent his reserve to his ally - the Polish prince of Poniatow, which was pressed by the division of the Austrian Merveld. As a result, the rest were thrown back, and the Austrian general was taken in full. At the same time, on the far side of the border, Blucher fought with the 24,000-strong army of Marshal Marmont. Ale, the Prussians showed the right wind in the choli of Gorny. Under the drumming, the stench came from the bayonet beat against the French and threw them back. Only the villages of Mekern and Viderich, for a few times, were suffocated by one side or the other. The first day The battles of the peoples near Leipzig ended in a battle with great losses, like a coalition (about 40 thousand people), and Napoleon's army (about 30 thousand soldiers and officers). Closer to the morning of the coming day, the reserve armies of Bernadotte and Benigsen arrived. Less than 15,000 people came to the Emperor of France. The numerical superiority of the vdvichi gave the allies the upper hand for distant attacks.

Another day

17 days of the year's battles were not fought. The sides were occupied by closed wounds that died with a funeral. Napoleon understood that with the advent of the reserves of the coalition it would be practically impossible to win. Vikoristovuyuchi idleness at the enemy’s camp, asking Merveld, who was buried by him, to turn to the allies and convey that Bonaparte is ready to lay down a truce. Poloneny general pishov іz doruchennyam. Prote vydpovidi Napoleon did not check. І tse meant only one thing - the battle is imminent.

Third day. Break in the battle

Even at night, the Emperor of France, giving orders to pull up all the troops, brought the army closer to the place. Early on August 18, the coalition forces went on the attack. Irrespective of the apparent superiority in the living forces of that artillery, the French army kindly streamed the onslaught of the enemy. The battles were sharpened literally for a skin meter. Strategically important points were passed first by one, then by others. At the left wing of the army of Napoleon, the Russian division of Lanzheron fought, trying to capture the settlement of Shelfeld. Two first try were not far off. Prote the third count turned his strength into a bayonet battle and forcibly occupied a strong point, but Marmont's reserves again threw the opponent back. No less baked the battle was the village of Probsteyd (Probstgate), which de-roztashovuvavsya the center of the French army. The forces of Kleist and Gorchakov went as far as the village and began to storm the houses, and the enemies were thrown out. Napoleon won the victory of his head trump card - the famous Old Guard, as a special tribute to the bey. Supernik was thrown back. The French went on the attack on the Austrians. A number of coalition forces began to crack at the seams. However, at the critical moment, an unfortunate event occurred, which changed the entire battle of the People's Battle near Leipzig. The Saxons defended Napoleon in full measure, flared up and fired on the French. Tsey vchinok having put pressure on the allies. It became more important for Bonaparte to take the position of the army to Bonaparte. The Emperor of France, knowing that only one hard attack will not be able to resist youma. At night the French opened the door. The army started crossing the river Elster.

Day four. Residual victory

On the 19th, the Coalition of the Viysk Coalition batted, that the supernik had cleared the river and stepped forward. The allies began to storm the place, in which they brought up Poniatowski and Macdonald, as if they covered up the air of Napoleon's army. Less than an opіdnі it was possible to pierce the place in the distance, having beaten the enemy's stars. At the Metushni, it was hotly burning a place over Elster, through which all the forces of the French had not yet crossed. Mayzha 30,000 people were left behind on the other side of the river. Panic ensued, the soldiers stopped hearing the commanders and tried to swim across the river. Others perished in the fortune-telling sack. The test of Poniatowski did not give in to strength, which was lost. Two wounded veins rushed with a horse at the river, de and accepting their death. The French soldiers, who had been left behind on the birch and in the city, were under attack by the enemy. The battle of the peoples near Leipzig ended with a win.

Significance of the battle for the parties

In short, the Battle of the Peoples near Leipzig can be seen as the greatest battle in the first half of the 19th century. Ahead of the historical history of the Napoleonic wars, a turning point has come to the allies' greed. Age Battle of the peoples at Leipzig in 1813 - the first great victory over the enemy and in fact I will avenge the terrible defeat at Austerlitz in 1805. Now let's spend money on the sides. Podbags of the Battle of the Peoples near Leipzig can be considered undesirable. The allies spent 60,000 men driven in, Napoleon - 65,000.

Podії after the battle

In the Battle of Leipziz, Napoleon was given a figurative blunder. Turning at the leaf fall of 1813 to Paris, I rallied with strength and defeated the army alone. Near the capital, a 25,000-strong army under the command of marshals Marmont and Mortier was left behind. The emperor himself from mayzhe 100-thousand military virushiv to Nimechchina, and then to Spain. Before the month of 1814, the fate of Yomu was able to win a splinter of hostile forces and bring about the coalition forces until the signing of a peace treaty, but then the stench came up with a different rank. Having left Napoleon to fight with his insignificant supporters far from France, the allies sent a 100,000-strong army to Paris. For example, the birch stench defeated the military marshals Marmont and Mortje and took the capital of the country under their control. Bonaparte turned over to pizno. On the 30th of June, Napoleon signed a decree on the decree of power, and then on sending messages to Elba. Truthfully, I spent a little time there...

The Battle of the Peoples at the Memory of Naschadkiv

The battle at Leipzig became a long-term undertaking of the 19th century and, of course, was forgotten by future generations. So, in 1913, a national memorial was sporuzheno of the Battle of the Peoples near Leipzig. The Russians, who live near the city, did not forget about nashchadkiv, as they took part in the battle. On a riddle about them, they consecrated the Orthodox memorial church. So, in honor of the centenary of victory, coins were minted with a memorable date.

“The French soldiers, being seen from rich sides, all approached the Leipzig city, and before that it was time for all the allied powers to be in the middle, as they knew the fortune tellers of the cities; on July 5, 1813, they began to attack in the direction; Ale them in Tila the road to the cordons of France, to the river Rhine, the attack of the corps of Count Wittgenstein was cleared. On July 6, this year, a general battle began with an attack by an attacked Russian-Austrian army on the French right flank; that the world has a stronger attack approaching, stepping up to the place.

Gavrilo Meshetic

"Chotiridenna battle of the peoples under Leipzig took away the share of the world."

Karl von Mufiling

“Our unstoppable appearance on the flank of the enemy is the flooring of the beddings of the spaniels, which niby on the quill zupinivsya and whimpering, like water in the skin. And we were already rushing at him with a terrible wild boom.

Omelyan Konkov, Cossack

Monument to the Battle of the Peoples

“The Russians fought for their splendid choir, but not for this separation, like at Borodin; it’s natural: on the banks of Kolochі it was said about those, buti chi do not be holy Russia! The Tsars did not change in their cold-bloodedness, but the Prussians were reconciled in those thoughts, which day it was necessary for them to complete the renewal of the fatherland from the foreign yoke.

If he was French, then from the very wound he was no longer able to win. Napoleon zupinivsya in an invisible position for the new at Leipzig, looming the river and defile behind him. On that day, the French will soon darken their goiter, as soon as it comes. The impersonal fires shone near Leipzig, the allies triumphed, silence was in the camp of the fortuneteller.

Oleksandr Mikhailivsky-Danilevsky

Battle of Leipzig. Painting by Alexander Sauerweid

“Farther along our path, having thrashed a thin, swampy stream, which it was not possible to jump over, the axis here went into us with a hurricane. Rowing a vuzka - you can’t jump twice, but if you can skip one at a time? Escadrons rose along the shore, like a herd of horses, driven to a watering place in our Don steppes. Raptom again shouting: What have you become? Pishov! And the Cossacks, standing somewhere, rushed in front of them: some rowing, some swimming, de glibshe, and some, plunging into the mud, wrestling in it up to the horse's belly. Ale, the life squadron is already on that birch; Bachimo, go sleepy name - to marry ours; yakys cuirassier regiment having cut the road for us, in front of him is the general. "Squadron!" Yefremov shouted in a thunderous voice. We turned our heads. "Squadron! - repeating wine. “Bless!” - and having lifted high his naked chapel and made it in the line of the banner of horseradish. We lowered our old darts, whooped, rushed at the men-at-arms.

Timofy Pershikov, Cossack

“If I turned back from Moscow, from Leipzig, in Paris they said that my hair was better; Ale Vi Bachite, what is not so, and I may namіr vitrimati richer words, lower those that have happened!

Napoleon Bonaparte

Leipzizka "Battle of the Peoples", which took place on July 16-19, 1813, became the largest battle of the Napoleonic wars, which overturned the scale of the largest battles in the history of the world. Prote, little is known about her to mass readers, no significant literary works have been written, no popular films have been made. In the new special project of Warspot, we are familiar with the main podia of the epochal battle, which has already spilled into the history of all Europe.

On the road to Leipzig

Liebertwolfice

Lindenau

I'll call you back in June

before the exit

Vіdstup

Dresden Gate

Torgauska Gate

Gallic Gate

Napoleon Bonaparte. Painting by Paul Delaroche
Dzherelo: windeos.wordpress.com

After the death of the Napoleonic Great Army in Russia, Emperor Oleksandr I decided to end the war in foreign lands and lead it to a possible end. Napoleon, however, promptly picking up a new army, zovsim not vvazhayuchi on the right of the frontier. After the catastrophe of 1812, the opposite fate took shape in a coalition (Russia, England, Sweden and Prussia), and the satellites of France, as if they were not in the grip of the imperial policy of Bonaparte, fell back ... Joining the allies is small for us r і Austria, mercilessly rooted by Napoleon, bazhal refurbishment of old cordons . Himself in the old cordons wanted to win the Austrian monarchy, Chancellor Clemens Metternich, on 26 chervnya 1813 declared to Napoleon the price of neutrality of Austria in the future campaign. Self-loving French emperor of the Vidmova, and not without reason, Austria has added a new lava, already with the anti-Napoleonic coalition.

It was also restless in the other lands of Europe, still under the control of Bonaparte. The Kingdom of Naples until the song hour did not cry out to Napoleon for a fight, the shards there were ruled by the yogo dovirena people - Marshal Joachim Murat. He stopped, turning from the deplorable Russian campaign, no longer laying a sigh at the happy face of his emperor and having bargained with London that Week, exchanging his help in exchange for the Neapolitan throne for himself, that blessing ... A little bit of English showed deak innocence and declared the marshal less like compensation I will fill the throne for him. However, in the course of time London has helped and pishov on deeds. What's more, the Austrian emperor looked at Murat more favorably, and he didn't quarrel, so that the marshal would sit on the throne. Murat's retinue, that sister of the emperor Caroline Bonaparte, took the alliance as best she could - she became the kohanka of the Austrian ambassador, Count von Mir. Yakby was with the Muratov for more than an hour, for the marshal's career as a French military leader could have ended, but Bonaparte again called for a friend in the bіy - th time fіd Dresden.

Regardless of all the bad luck, Napoleon's energy did not weaken. Already in early 1813, a new army defeated the Russians and Prussians at Weissenfels, Lutzen, Bautzen, Wursen. Bonaparte is once again becoming unstoppable. Irrespective of strength, in the red of 1813, the coalition asked the enemy for a truce in terms of two months - and took yoga. It was clear that the anti-Napoleonic union had a weak Lanka - Sweden, or rather, the emperor. The Swedish prince at that time was the great general of revolutionary France and Marshal of the Empire Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte. The army, as if ocholyuvav, was completed by the Swedes less often - the Prussians, the English and the Russians became the majority of the contingents. Zrozumilo, the allies did not deserve it. And Bernadotte's pressures on his fortune did not suit him after he won the French throne. The ex-marshal had dissatisfaction with his brother, because if you talk about obіtsyanu yoma Norway, they become less and less impressed. The unity of the coalition opined on food.

Napoleon had a chance to change the initiative and impose a game on his opponents according to his own rules - but activity on different routes transferred the sawing of forces, and Bonaparte was not an instant away from us with corps. The commanders of the allies miraculously conceived, trying to uniquely destroy the emperor himself and beat the marshals as much as possible. Such a strategy gave its fruits: for Kulm, he recognized the blows and ate at the full, General Joseph Vandam; for the Katzbach bov razbity marshal Jacques Macdonald; under Grossburn, the military marshal Nikolai Udino was defeated; under Dennevitsa, it was distal "to the good of the good" Marshal Michel Ney. Before the news about the defeats of his followers, Napoleon looked philosophical, signifying that "we have a really important craft" and adding that for the sake of the hour of the day I wrote a handbook from the military science.

So anyway, the blows, the heads of the Napoleonic marshals, changed the forces of France, created a threat to the camp of Napoleon himself and fettered his maneuver. Having left Marshal Laurent de Saint-Cyr a part of the troops for the defense of Dresden, they entered Leipzig, supporting the defense of one of the allied armies and defeating them. Ale, not one, not two went to Leipzig - all the witches of the army demolished here, in order to break the firebrands of the forces of the great Corsicant.

The battle for Leipzig, the attack of Murat's kinnoti. Approximately the same was observed under Liebertvolkvitsa. Illustration to the book by Adolf Thier "History of the Consulate and the Empire", Volume 4

On the march outside Leipzig, the Napoleonic troops were threatened by Sileska and the Allied army, and Bonaparte could force a general battle on one of them before the other approached. On the third day, the third, the Bohemian army under the command of Field Marshal Karl Schwarzenberg, marched against Murat's military, as they covered up the throats of the main Napoleonic forces. The forces of Schwarzenberg overpowered the French in numbers more than ever - Murat was left with no more opportunities to enter the battles. The marshal asked for more, lower, they asked: extreme Napoleon, having allowed the building of Leipzig, but Murat's competent counterattacks gave him the opportunity not to be robbed. As a result, the commander of the viscons, 170,000 soldiers of Napoleon's main army, turned around and prepared for battle.

On July 13, the allies turned the French over to mіtsnіst, planning a reconnaissance of the village of Libertvolkіtse. The Coalition was running out of troops, they didn’t save money - 60,000 people were destroying the enemy: two Russian infantry corps, cavalry of Lieutenant General Count Peter Palen (Sumsky, Grodno, Lubny hussar regiments, Chuguivsky Ulansky regiment), battery of Major General Nikitin Lyudina 12 garmats), ten squadrons of the Prussian cavalry (Neimark Dragoon, Skhidno-Prussian cuirassier and Silesian Uhlan regiments, battery No. 10) and the reserve cavalry of General Friedrich Raeder. The Russian Cossack Zagyn of Matvey Platov, the Prussian corps of Kleist and the Austrian corps of Klenau gave a pidtrimka. According to the plan, the remaining maw attacked the French positions on the right flank, but until the 13th of July did not manage to take positions and the attack was postponed until the next day.

On the 14th of July, both sides were shot. On the right flank of the French, between the villages of Konnevits and Markleberg, they took the 8th infantry corps of Prince Jozef Poniatowski, which was composed of Poles (for various tributes, from 5400 to 8000 osib). On the heights from Markkleberg to Wachau, the 2nd infantry corps of Marshal Claude-Victor Perrin (15,000-20,000 people) was deployed. The heights from Wachau to Liebertvolkvitse were occupied by the infantry of Marshal Jacques Lauriston from the warehouse of the 5th corps (12,000-17,000 people). The 4th and 5th cavalry corps under the command of the divisional generals Sokolnitsky and Pazhol (the 4th corps were manned by Poles) were deployed at Liebertvolkvitsa. Behind the head mass of the French military positions, having taken the 9th infantry corps of Marshal Pier Augereau. Nearly 60,000 people, the Crimean French troops, arrived from the depot of other armies (already after noon, Napoleon himself arrived in the city). There were 40,000-50,000 people at the first line of the enemy.

Been rozpochavsya lie on the 14th of July. On the right wing of the French, between the cavalry units of Palen and the troops of Poniatowski, the battle was lit up, which continued in the winter success. At this hour, Nikitin's battery was full of French nuclei, and they were trying to change at Libertvolkіtsia. Having commemorated the Russian battery, which was cremated in the name of the main military allies, Murat sent some units of the 5th cavalry corps. Sumy hussars tried to resist the attack, but they threw a mitt. The entire cavalry of the allies rushed to the aid of the hussars, as only it was possible to zadiya (including the Chuguiv Uhlan regiment, the Grekov Cossack regiment, the Skhidno-Prussian regiment, the Silesian and Brandenburg cuirassiers). Murat did not get into trouble, throwing all his cinematography into the beat.

Beating, scho zav'yazavsya, buv similar to the abyssal smіttєschelshe, de kozhen regiment dіyav on its own, without a single plan, tactful vishukuvans and flank hoots - the skin part, which appeared, just threw itself into a frontal attack. Having realized the stupidity of the cієї bіyni, Palen loosened the grip of his krill, throwing a part of the viysk to the right (closer to the center of the battle) under the cover of two Prussian gun batteries. The French artillery, stationed on the heights near the Wachau, methodically blamed everything alive on the left flank of the allies, but the Prussian artillerymen, that battery of Nikitin, did not allow them to break through the breach near the center of the allied troops. Approximately at 14:00, the Klenau corps zoomed in on the flank of the French, and the thugs fired the driving fire at the Libertwolf. The allied kinnota pressed the French cavalry, but did not face the fire of the Napoleonic armies and entered on its own.

Zagalom, the battle at Libertvolkіtsi ended in the melancholy of the French - they spent up to 600 osіb killed and wounded, even as the allies were incomprehensibly larger: one more than the 4th Austrian Corps, having spent a thousand people.

Leaflet "Battle of the Wachau", July 16, 1813
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After the inveterate battle under the Libertvolkіtsa on the battlefield, there was a deuce of calm - on the 15th day of the offensive, the sides pulled up reserves, picking up together. Otrimavshi podkrіplenya like the corps of General Jean Renier, Napoleon zumіv zoredit near Leipzig to 190,000 people. Allied military rozashuvalis like the Leipzian frontier, narrowing down the place in pivkilts and control pivnichni, skhіdnі that pіvdennі went up to new. Until August 16, the number of coalition armies was close to 300,000 people (Pivnichna, Bohemian and Silesian armies), on the approach of the Polish Army of General Leonty Bennigsen.

On the 16th of July, on the afternoon of Leipzig, the French coalition went on the offensive, zmusivshis forward corrals of the French in the step and strangled by artillery fire hanging forward the French batteries. But if the allies went to the front, occupied by the French, they fired heavy artillery fire. The attempt to advance before the village of Konnevitse was hindered by the difficulties of the crossing - the French were forced to cross. The allies managed to occupy the Wachau (corps of Eugene of Württemberg), Markleberg (corps of Kleist), Libertvolkvitse and Kolmberg (viysk Klenau), the protests on which success ended. Moreover, the French, who went on the counterattack, killed the allies in the army of the Wachau, leading them to great losses.

Before noon, Napoleon was far away to see the plan of the fortune-teller attacking the pivdni, redirect the allied army and go over to the counteroffensive. The method of the French commander-in-chief was to go around the right flank of the allies, break through the center of the Bohemian army with cavalry and fight against other military coalitions. Near the center, the French cinema attacked the villages of Gossa and Auenheim. The right flank of the allied troops was planned to be outflanked at Seifersgain, but the French did not succeed in this.

The attack in the center was nayzatyatishoy. The fearless Murat especially choked the chotiri cuirassier divisions, which were supported by Pajol's dragoons. A grandiose cavalry attack, in which 12,000 warriors took the fate of once, took everything in its own way. The gunners of the Arakcheev battery, the front of the breaks, and the whole break had a chance to roll with reserves. The biy entered the reserve artillery, moreover, from both sides. From the French side, having pierced the roar of 160 garmats of the guards artillery of General Drouot, they blamed the Prussian reinforcements with heavy fire that they were spreading to the center. From the side of the Allies, the reserve artillery of Major General Ivan Sukhozanet was sent.

At this hour, the Austrians organized a counterattack on the left flank against the right flank of the French. Having thrown Poniatowski's corps, the Austrian troops led an attack on Markkleberg and took yoga again.

The invasion of Markkleberg, as well as the constant need to follow the left flank, did not give Napoleon the opportunity to develop success in the center. The advance of the French rumbled. Artillery of the Sukhozanet recognized the vtrat, but the commander of the vikonal. The Russian infantry showed itself well, that it stood under a hail of nuclei. All that the French could do was to settle down in Auenheim for a short while. Unexpectedly, the Napoleonic troops had a chance to bury their positions, and the army of the coalition defeated Markkleberg.

Rose-painted engraving of the 19th century. Battle of Leipzig
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For its scale, the battle of Lindenau appeared to be significantly smaller, lower on the 16th of August, and, given the success of the allies, it could become a turning point in the entire war. Lindenau is a small settlement on the outskirts of Leipzig, yogo "gateway". Irrespective of the importance of which point, the wines were protected by only a few battalions of the French. On the side of the Allies, on this small fold, the twenty-thousand-strong Austrian corps of Lieutenant-Field Marshal Ignatz Gyula was pulled up ... The victory of the Austrians could close the way to Napoleon's home.

Vtіm, about shvidkіst it was possible to dream less - Gyulaї did not hasten with active actions, checking on them as sucіdіv. More than that, as an Austrian commander, he understood that battles broke out on the pivdni, he changed his mind and began to hang the troops on Lindenau, but it was already pizno. Napoleon drove the 4th Corps of General Henri Bertrand to the village of Tsili, which once dug around. The Austrian soldiers, who stepped up, drank on the baked opera. Trying to take Lindenau did not give in to the Austrians, wanting to stink for a short time for success. The allied plan to start a pasture and ruin Napoleon's army at Leipzig failed.

On the eve of the evening, after an important battle, Gyula bov zmushheny to lead his own war. Irrespective of those who did not come to fight Napoleon in France, the Austrian corps achieved a positive result, squeezing the significant French forces with their actions. And Napoleon’s reserves were so vociferously rejected ...

Beat at Mekerni, 16 July 1813. The author of the picture is Kate Rocco
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On the pivnіchnuyu flank of the Napoleonic military corps of Marshal Auguste Marmont, Mav turned around between the villages of Radefeld and Lidental, becoming such a rank as the vanguard of the army. Marmont himself was the author of this plan, but Napoleon played it differently and put the military marshal in reserve. Chi varto say that such a change of horses at the crossing ruined all the plans of Marmont. Moreover, the French, as they began to enter the already occupied borders, supported the attacks of the vanguard of the Silesian army under the command of Field Marshal Gebhard Blucher. The approach of the French forces hurried, and as a result, the military Marmont roared, resting on the left flank at the settlement of Mekern, and on the right flank at the settlement of Eyterich and the small river Richtsi.

The positions of the village of Klein-Viderich were occupied by other parts of the Napoleonic army - the Poles of Jan Henryk Dombrovsky, who blocked the road to Dyuben (along with Napoleon, reinforcements arrived - zokrema, 9th division of General Antoine Delmas).

Blucher planned to hit the left flank of the French, break through the defenses at Meckern and enter Leipzig. Before the battle, he punished his soldiers with these words:

“Whoever today will not be beaten aboradio to madness, it means that he fought like a dishonorable infidel!”

The Prussians quickly knocked out the French from Lidental and with all their strength fell on Mekern. Giving such a development of the base, Marmont zbuduvav echelon defense, and the defenders of the settlements without a middle were given to the sailors from the warehouse of the 21st division of General Lagrange. At 14:00, the attack of the positions near Mekern began, and all the power of the Prussian strike fell on the yak. The French fought hard, their batteries fired at the advancing literally back to back, but you still managed to get to the artillery positions and zahopit їх. At the village itself, the French literally fought for the leather hut and the front garden. But the strength to break the strength, and as a result, the soldiers of Marmont were beaten from Mekern, knowing the great losses.

The capture of the village was hard for the Prussians: General Johann York had a chance to throw all the strength of his corps at Mekern, and the French artillery mercilessly thinned it out. At one point in the battle, if the counterattack of the French troops threw the Prussian lava, York could stabilize the situation and crush the enemy. At the same time, the French began to have problems with the loyalty of the German contingents - the 25th light cavalry brigade of Norman fought unimportantly, staffed by Württembergers.

Zapekliy bіy rozgor_vsya near the center. The Russian troops occupied parts of Dombrovsky, as if they took positions at Klein-Viderich, and they themselves had a chance to go to Yeiterich. Having regrouped their forces and having strengthened the Delmas division, Dombrovsky went on the attack, in order to turn the lost positions. How many times did he reach success, putting a threat to communications of the entire Silesian army. Prote the French could not stremuvat overwhelming enemy forces. Dombrovsky entered the Eiterich and Holis, and part of the artillery parks and convoys of the 3rd corps, as if covering up the division of Delmas, squandered it to the hands of the allies. Vranci 17 Zhovtnya Dombrovsky buv vibity and z Eiterich. Blucher triumphant: having won a great victory, and the cup of tereziv began to be healed by the former allies.

Allied monarchs under the hour of the battle of Leipzig.

On the 17th of July there was an operational pause - the offending parties were reinforced and they took up fighting positions. The truth is, the prices were absolutely incompatible with the number. Before the allies, the Pivnichna army of the Swedish prince Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (up to 60,000 soldiers), the Bohemian army was strengthened by the corps of General Ієronim Colloredo, the coming day, the number of checks on the arrival of the Polish army, General Leonty Bennigsen, was approximately 50 000 osib. From the Russian Emperor Oleksandr I to Bennigsen, breaking the chase from the messages of the advancing zmist:

“Beat, the signs of the coming day, will be given in the river of victory, gained for Tarutin, which has begun the success of the Russian army. Sovereign points tomorrow of the same for your talents and combat credentials.

Before Napoleon, in a single hour, one single 7th Corps of Rene, numbered 12,637 people, half of which was composed of Saxons, the number of such, like and other nimtsiv, was already low. Napoleon understood the futility of his young and began to get ready for the entrance. To win an hour, having brought to the Austrian emperor the captive general Merveldt with a proposition about a truce. Having ruled the truce less than to the Austrians, Napoleon, having nurtured the allies, did not trust one to the other. Fool your enemies Bonaparte does not zoom. Late Austrian Chancellor Metternich wrote:

“18 [July] I am happy with one of my finest triumphs. On the 6th anniversary of the wound, Merveldt arrived, to whom N. [Napoleon] entrusted to ask for mercy. We gave you a majestic victory.”

The Russian and Austrian emperors did not want to give the thorns of the bandages and they continued the fight against the yaknaishvidshe. At noon from 17 to 18 July, Franz I and Alexander I held a prayer service to the Almighty for the gift of victory, and tomorrow a new grandiose battle will begin.

Battle at Schönefeld on July 18, 1813. The author of the picture is Oleg Parkhaev
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On July 18, the French got ready for the entrance - they took horses for convoys, got rid of everything indecent. On the pivdni, the French troops began to abandon their positions, like the stench they stole from the 16th of Zhovtnya, and take up the defense of the three pivnіchnishche between Konnevitse and Probstgeyde.

The soldiers of Bennigsen's army sent a place between the Bohemian army of Schwarzenberg and the Pivnichnaya army of Bernadotte. The villages of Kolmberg and Baalsdorf were taken by the French themselves, while the soldiers of the Bohemian and Polish armies had a chance to see them from the villages of Holzhausen and Zuckelhausen. Ogrizayuchis, the French could navіt vybiti rosіyski parts of Baalsdorf. Ale, the oskіlki numerical victory was clearly on the battlefield of the coalition, the Napoleonic army marched in full to Probstgeydi and Stetrytsі. In order not to spend too much time, the French had a chance to deprive Steinberg.

On the afternoon, a part of the Bohemian army (the corps of General Wittgenstein) sent the enemy of Probstgeide to a heavy fire and recognized great losses. The test of military victories, which stepped into Holzhausen, into the main Napoleonic forces, did not bring success either.

At the same time, the Austrians tried to recapture the newly-born marshal of France Jozef Poniatowski from the villages of Delits, Dese and Lessnig. The marshal was vryatulyalis by the divisions of the Young Guard under the ceremonial of Marshal Charles Oudinot, and the military coalitions could not stick out. At the same time, General Gyula's troops, as if the ice had not cut through the French communications, went straight to Grebern, calling the French way to the entrance. At one time, the Silesian army of Blucher loaded in the battles near Pfafendorf and the Galeska force.

On the field of the Pivnichnoy army of Bernadotte, battles were also sharpened. The settlement of Schönefelde was stormed by parts of General Oleksandr Lanzheron, the mayor of Odesa. The battles lasted until evening - for the leather hut, the door and cross on the tsvintar. Until night, the French were driven out of the village by overpowering forces.

Alas, the next catastrophe for France was more. The Saxons of the 7th corps and Norman's Württemberg divisions, which were defending on the Pivnichnaya army's divisions, attacked vibir, straightening their bagnets against Napoleon. For the French, the impertinence of the Saxons was not a secret - Renier, having anticipated Ney, but missed the call. For Napoleon, it was a strong blow, writing a fellow writer: “Until the night of mitigation of wines, having saved the calm, acting like a zavzhd. The unfortunate thing that happened, did not sign up for yoga behavior; only on the face was signified znevira ". Wise Byron later write this about the Saxons' health:

"From the leva Saxon insinuating jackal

To the fox, to the bear, to the wolf vtik "

4 - 7 (16 - 19) July 1813 near the Leipzig region (Saxony) became a major battle between the allied army of Russia, Austria, Prussia, Sweden and the army of the French Emperor Napoleon. It was the greatest battle in the lower part of the Napoleonic wars and in world history until the First World War, in which it took the fate of up to five million soldiers. The troops of the Duchy of Warsaw, Italy, Saxony and several powers of the Rhine Union fought on the battlefield of France in this battle. That is why the literature often calls the Battle of Leipzig the “Battle of the Peoples”. Bey completed the campaign of 1813. Napoleon, having recognized the blows, having used his allies and zmusheniya, he would set out from Central Europe to France. The campaign of 1813 was launched.

Prehistory

The military-strategic situation that preceded the “battle of the peoples” was friendly to the allies. France was ravaged by uninterrupted wars, as if it were three years since 1791, Napoleon’s empire recognized a particularly great failure in the campaign of 1812, if the entire “Great Army” may have perished or was buried in Russia. France is small in terms of capacity for reinforcing the army with reinforcements, their strength has fallen sharply (it was possible to drive people of a frail age into battle, young people, there was no time for their training), it was not far off to restore full-fledged cavalry, so for vanished in Russia, promislovity could not come out of the tasks of replenishment artillery park. And the allies of Napoleon, even though they set up military, but the stench was not numerous and they fought badly (Crimea of ​​the Poles).

The Shosta anti-French coalition, up to which included Russia, Prussia, Austria, England, Sweden, Spain, Portugal and a number of other German powers, overturned Napoleon's empire for all parameters - the number of bags and coats, znarad, demographic resources , financial possibilities and economic potential. Until the singing hour Napoleon, the mig Strimuvati of the Supplier of the Rahuki of his very commander -in -law talent (at the lavas of Yogo opponent, the death of Kutuzov, did not Zerovyavi, the French to the Frenchman Imperor), the acts of the nervous, mutually mutual allies of the Vice. Napoleon won a few serious victories - the battles for Lützen (2 January), for Bautzen (21 January) and Dresden (26-27 sickles), but the stench did not cause the anti-French coalition to collapse, like wines spodіvavsya, and only її zgurtuvali. The losses of the allied armies were easily replenished, the allies increased the number of their troops. At their side, the defeats of the marshals and the generals of Napoleon weakened his army. On April 29-30, Vandam’s corps was defeated under Kulm near Bohemia, on April 6, Ney’s corps was struck at Dennevitz in pivdenno-western Prussia, on April 28, on the Elbe birch near the town of Wartenburg (Saxony), the corps of General Bertrand was defeated. France could not compensate for the money spent. The numbers of the allied armies became more and more remarkable.

The allied command, having taken off the fresh reinforcements, went on the offensive on the cob of the zhovtnya, in order to sharpen that French army. Napoleon had an hour to defend the defense near Dresden at the gathering of Saxony. The Silesian army, under the supervision of Field Marshal Gebhard Blucher, surrounded Dresden from the pivnochi and crossed the river Elba to the pivnich from Leipzig. From it came the Pivnіchna army under the crown of the Swedish Crown Prince Jean Bernadotte. The Bohemian army, under the command of Field Marshal Karl Schwarzenberg, having followed the army of Murat, went around Dresden on the first day of the day and also straightened at the beak of Leipzig, at the tyle of Napoleon's army. The Prussian soldiers went straight from the pivnіchnogo from Wartenburg, the Swedish ones also from the pivnochі, and in another echelon after the Prussians, the Russian and Austrian ones - from the pivdennogo and zahіdnogo.

The French emperor, having lost a strong garrison near Dresden, and also destroying Leipzig, planning to defeat the enemy with parts - to defeat Blucher and Bernadotte, and then Schwarzenberg. Napoleon himself wanted a decisive battle, being able to win the campaign with one blow. However, he overestimated his own strength, vysnazhenі by previous battles, marches, underestimating the strength of the allied troops and not mave new data about the expansion of enemy forces. Napoléon Bonaparte pomilkovo vvazhav, scho Russian-Prussian Silesian army known significantly better, farther from Leipzig and doubting the Swedish parish of the Bohemian army.

The forces of the parties. Disposition

On the cob of the battle to Leipzig, the Bohemian Austro-Russian-Prussian Army-133 yews. cholovik, 578 Garmat і Silesian Russian-Prussian army - 60 ths. soldiers, 315 Garmat. In this rank, on the cob of the battle, the allied army had about 200 thousand. Cholovik. Just before the hour of the battle, the Pivnich Prussian-Russian-Swedish army was pulled up - 58 thousand. cholovik, 256th Garmat, Polish Russian Army under the command of General Leonty Bennigsen - 46 thousand. soldiers, 162 garmati and the 1st Austrian corps under the ceramics of Ієronim Kollo. 8 yew man, 24 garmati. Before the beginning of the battle, Bernadotte's Pivnichna army was in Galli (30 km on the pivnich from Leipzig), and Bennigsen's Polish army was at Waldheim (40 km on the exit from Leipzig). As a result of the battle, the number of the allied army grew to 310 thousand. lyudina (for other tributes, up to 350 thousand) with mayzha 1400 garmats. At the warehouse of the allied army there were 127 yew. Russian, 89 ths. piddanikh Austria - Austrians, Ugrian, Slavic, 72 ths. prussians, 18 ths. Swedes too thin. bud. Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Military Forces, Austrian Field Marshal Prince Karl Schwartz. However, this vlada was surrounded by monarchs, to which the Russian Emperor Oleksandr I intervened steadily in the operative field. Before that, the commanders of the armies and the formation of the corps had little independence in making decisions. Zokrema, the Prussian commanders of the Pivnichniy army greeted Bernadotte only formally.

Napoleon's army had close to 200 thousand. soldiers (for other tributes, close to 150 thousand osib) and 700 garmat. Under Leipzig, the French had 9 infantry corps - over 120 thousand. soldiers, Guards - 3 infantry corps, cavalry corps and artillery reserve, up to 42 thousand in total. soldiers, 5 cavalry corps - 24 thousand. osіb, plus the Leipzig garrison - close to 4 yew. . man. Most of the army was built by the French, a lot of different kind of Germans, Poles, Italians, Belgians, Dutch.

On June 3 (15) Napoleon raised his army near Leipzig. The main part of the army covered the place from the pivden directly from the river Plaise, from Konnevittsya to the village of Markkleiberg, then they went on the way through the villages of Wachau, Libertvolkvits and to Holzhausen. The corps of General Bertrand (12,000 corps) was straight out of the way from the west, where Lindenau was spread out. From the pivnіchnogo directly Leipzig was kidnapped by the military marshals Marmon and Ney - 2 infantry and 1 cavalry corps (up to 50 thousand soldiers). Napoleon, taking into account the numerical superiority of the enemy forces, wanting to hit the Bohemian army on the 4th (16th) day, and before the arrival of other forces of the enemy, defeat them at the extreme approach, seriously weaken. For the offensive, a shock group of 5 infantry, 4 cavalry corps and 6 divisions of the guard was created, in total close to 110-120 yew. soldiers. Її choliv marshal Joachim Murat.

The allied command, under the grip of the three monarchs of Alexander I, Frederick William III and Francis I, also planned to conduct attacking battles, being afraid that Napoleon, shriveled with his central camp, could defeat the Pivnichnaya army, streaming the Bohemian army strong barrier. Until then, there was a bazhannya to break up the enemy’s troops in pieces, zapobіgshi zaseredzhennya of the enemy’s forces. Schwarzenberg vyrіshiv vdarit z pіvdennogo directly by the forces of the Bohemian army. On the back, the Austrian field marshal, having thrown the lead forces of the army into the Konnewitz area, broke through the enemy’s defenses in the swampy lower reaches of the river Plaise and Weiss-Elster, bypassed the enemy’s right flank and took the shortest way to Leipzig. However, the Russian Emperor Oleksandr Pavlovich criticized the plan, pointing out the complexity of the city.

The Bohemian army was divided into three groups and the reserve. The first (smut) grouping under the high command of the general of infantry Barclay de Tolli - before it, the 4th Austrian corps of Klenau, the Russian military of General Witgenstein and the Prussian corps of Field Marshal Kleist, totaled 84 yew. Cholovik, 404 garmati. Barclay's grouping would not be enough to hit the French army on the front of Crebern - Wachau - Liebertvolkvits, actually attacking the enemy in the forehead, from the front immediately. Other groups were commanded by the Austrian General Maximilian von Merfeld. It included the 2nd Austrian Corps and the Austrian reserves, totaling 30-35 thousand. person at 114 garmats. Vіn mav advancing between the rivers Plaise and Weisse-Elster, want to cross and hit on the right flank of the French army. The third corner under the stonework of Ignatz Gyulay (Gіulai) could attack from the approach, on Lindenau and take a ferry across the Weisse-Elster to the exit from Leipzig. Grouping is not enough to block the way to the entrance to the exit. The basis of the corral Gyulay buv 3rd Austrian Corps - about 20 thousand. osib. The Russian-Prussian Guard became a reserve. The Silesian army of Blucher was guilty of an attack on the front of Mekkerk - Videritz.

Bey

Head of battle 4 (16) due. The day we see is gloomy. Even before the Svitanka, the Russian-Prussian war began to hang and close to the 8th year the artillery fire was fired at the wound. The forward units made a close approach to the enemy. The battle lasted until a number of fierce battles for Markkleberg, Wachau, Liebertvolkvits, as well as the crossing at Konnevits. The Russian-Prussian troops under Kleist's main command - the 14th division of General Helfreich, the 12th Prussian brigade and the 4th battalions of the 9th brigade, at about 9.30 occupied the settlement of Markkleberg. Here, the defense of the French-Polish military was trimmed under the crown of marshals Augereau and Poniatowski. Chotiri times Napoleon's army destroyed the settlements and chotiri times the Russians and the Prussians again took Markkleberg by storm.

The village of Wachau was also buried by the Russian-Prussian military under the ceremonial work of Duke Eugene of Württemberg - the 2nd infantry corps, the Russian cavalry of General Palen - hussars, lancers and Cossacks, that 9th Prussian brigade. However, through the strong fire of the French artillery, the village was closed before noon. Libertvolkvitz stormed the Russian-Prussian army under the command of Lieutenant General A.I. Gorchakov - the 5th Russian division of General Mezentsev, the 10th Prussian brigade of Major General Pirkh and the 11th Prussian brigade of Lieutenant General Ziten, as well as the 4th Austrian corps of General Klenau. The defense of the trimali corps of General Lauriston and Marshal MacDonald. After a scorching battle, if I had a chance to fight for the skin street and the booths, the settlement was buried. Offended parties recognized great losses. And then, as the French took back the reinforcements - the 36th division, the allied troops were embarrassed. The offensive of the 2nd Austrian Corps did not bring success, and after noon, if the French counterattack started, Commander-in-Chief Schwarzenberg sent the Austrian troops to help General Barclay de Tolli. The blow of the 3rd Austrian corps of Gyula on Lidenau also did not bring success.

The Bohemian army has exhausted its strength and has spent an offensive momentum. Її forces now rushed out for defense. In this situation, the French emperor succeeded in striking at the center of the fortune-telling positions near the Wachau-Guldengoss direct line. About the 15th year, the French cavalry under Murat's stoneware (about 10 thousand verschniks) for the support of a strong artillery group - 160 garmats of General A. Drouot, led a hard blow. French cuirassiers and dragoons, for the support of infantry and artillery, broke through the Russian-French line. Under the threat, the allied monarchs of Schwarzenberg opined, the opposing team broke through to the hump, and the stench watched over the battle. The French were already a few hundred meters away, traversing the running. The counterattack of the Life Guards of the Kozachy Regiment was counterattacked by Ivan Yefremov. The Cossacks and that company of the Russian artillery kept up the onslaught of the enemy until the reinforcement approached. Against the French cinematography, they threw the cavalry zagin Palen, the grenadier division from the Raevsky corps and the Prussian brigade from the Kleist corps. Reinforcements left the enemy behind and closed the gap at the front.

Hoody. Bekhlin. Attack of the Cossack Life Guards near Leipzig.

Napoleon, with the help of courage, I will win at any price before the arrival of new enemy armies, punishing the attack on the weakening center of the Bohemian army with the forces of the army and film guards. Prote the blow of the Austrian troops to the right flank of the French troops by changing the plan. The emperor, out of embarrassment, sent a part of the guard to help the soldiers of Poniatowski. After the inveterate battle of the Austrian army, it was thrown out, and Merfeld himself was full of French entrapment.

Been on the Vakhautsky heights. V.I. Moshkov (1815).

The Silesian army of Blucher led the attack in the area of ​​Videritz and Meckern. Blucher did not become a check on the pіdkhіd of the Pivnіchnoi army of Bernadotte and crossed the offensive. The village of Viderits was defended by the Polish general Dombrovsky, who for a whole day stormed the onslaught of the Russian troops of General Langeron. Corps Marmont defending positions near the area of ​​the village of Mekern. Marmont, having taken the order to hang out on a straight line to the Wachau, to take the fate of the battle. However, otrimavshi zvіstku about the approaching enemy forces, vіn zupinivsya and sent to Marshal Ney prohannya for help. The Prussian corps of York, after numerous attacks, took the settlement, having recognized the great losses. The Marmont Corps was destroyed. In this manner, the Silesian army broke through the French defenses on the nights of Leipzig, and the forces of Marmont and Ney could not take the fate of the key battle of Wachau.

Three days later, the battle was over. The greater part of the battlefield was lost to the French army. The French removed the allied troops from the Wachau to Güldengossi and Liebertvolkwitz to the University Forest, but they were able to break through the front and gain a decisive victory. On the first day of the battle, without realizing the truth of neither the French, nor the allies, although the offending parties recognized the great costs - up to 60-70 thousand. osib. The most inveterate places were simply littered with corpses. The Prussian soldiers from the army of Blucher smashed the rubble of corpses, making the positions more rude and suffocating. At night, on 5 (17) days, fresh Pivnichna and the Polish Army arrived. Now the allied army has little serious advantage over the enemy.

Dії 5 (17) tomorrow. The French emperor, having provided for the lack of security, had left the position at Leipzig. Vіn spodіvsya lay down a truce and talk peacefully. Napoleon, for the help of the Austrian general Merfeld, sent a sheet to all allied monarchs with a proposition about fire and the beginning of peace negotiations. Napoleon is ready for a decisive act. We'll wait until we've spent the Duchy of Warsaw, as well as Holland and the Hanseatic places, ready to re-establish the independence of Italy and inspire inspiration in the Union of the Rhine and Spain. Napoleon hung on one leg - England is too small to turn the swamped French colonies.

However, the allied monarchs did not give up. Obviously, Napoleon's proposition was respected for the recognition of weakness. The day went by calmly, the offending parties joked about the wounded, howled the wounded. Tilki on the direct path of the Viysk Blucher continued the advance, zahopivshi settlements Eytrich (Oitritssh) and Holis, vpritul went to Leipzig. On the 2nd anniversary of the day in the village of Zestevits, a Viysk people's party was held. Commander-in-Chief of Schwarzenberg uttered a negainous rebuke. Ale Bennigsen, declaring that his army is exhausted by the long march, his necessary reparations. Bulo was praised for the decision to resurrect the present day before the coming day. The army of Bennigsen is small to attack on the right flank, at once from the 4th Austrian corps.

Napoleon, rozumіyuchi, scho many positions are not included, and at night for 6 (18) years of regrouping of forces. The old positions, which, through the marriage of the forces of defense, were unreasonably abandoned, were abandoned. Vijska started on the vіdstan approximately 1 year from the place. In the early hours, the French troops took positions on the line Lindenau - Konnewitz - Holzhausen - Schönefeld. New positions were defended by up to 150 thousand. soldiers at 630 garmats.

Vіn all in blood, vіn all wounds,
Ale, the spirit of the new man is strong and strong,
First glory of Mother Russia
Not slacking at the battle of wines.

Before French bagnets
Vіn the Russian heart without breaking
To death for the Batkivshchyna, for the brothers
Win marveling at my secret pride.

Soldier's song about the grenadier Leonty Korinny.

On the 7th anniversary of the wound, the allied command issued an order about the offensive. The columns of the allied troops advanced unevenly, the deacons began to collapse, after a one-hour strike on the entire front did not go far. On the left flank, the Austrian troops advanced under the command of the Crown Prince of Hesse-Gomburz. The Austrians attacked the French positions at Delitz, Desen and Lesnig. The Austrian troops tried to follow the French in the river Plaise. A bunch of stench was choked up by Delitz, and close to 10 years - by Dezen. Been important, the French fought richly fiercely, lower was necessary for covering the entrance. Constantly counterattacked. The Prince of Hesse-Gomburzky, after being gravely wounded, took command of the wine of Ironim von Colloredo. Vіn himself buv wounds at the chest, but prihovav tse species of otochyuchih, continuing the battle at Connevit and Delicia. The Austrians made their way to Konnevitsya, and then two French divisions sent by Napoleon arrived under Marshal Oudinot's stonework. The French troops led the counterattack, and the Austrians went into Konnevitsya. Lost and Dezen. The Austrians stepped in, regrouped their forces, and reappeared at the offensive. Lesnig was occupied until the end of the stench, but they could not re-occupy Konnevitts, which the Poles stole from the Young Guard under the command of Marshals Oudino and Augereau.

Napoleon's headquarters was ratted out at Steteritz. The battle was baked in the center, in the area of ​​​​Probsteid (Probstheim), detrimental to the defense of the Viysk under the grave of Marshal Viktor and General Lauriston. There are few settlements I will fence the stone, and an important node of the French defense. A fierce attack by Russian-Prussian soldiers, they attacked them directly, attacking Barclay de Tolli. Two Prussian brigades from Kleist's corps went on the attack. The Prussian soldiers were able to break through to the settlement similar sides Ale buli zstrіnіtі kartkovym і vіdіyshli. Let's attack the Russian corps of Eugene of Württemberg. The warriors of Shakhovsky, Gorchakov and Kleist escaped to the village. However, Napoleon, on the part of the Old Guard and the Guards Artillery of General Drouot (about 150 garmats), crossed the counteroffensive and knocked out the Russian-Prussian military from the village. Ale, the distant advance of the French troops was stupefied by strong artillery fire. Offended parties recognized great losses. They fought until night, but the allied troops could not break through for Probsteyda.

Best boules on the right flank and on the pivnіchny straight. On the right flank came the army of General Bennigsen. Vaughn rushed to the heaps of strong delays, close to 2 years of the day. Russian warriors have taken over Zuckelhausen, Holzhausen and Paunsdorf. The Prussian corps of General Bulow and the Russian corps of General Wintzingerode took the part of the assault on Paunsdorf, not respecting Bernadotte's reckoning, and took the fate of the Pivnichnaya army - the Prussian corps of General Bülow. Schönefeld and Golis were slaughtered at the pivnoch of the military Lanzheron and Saken (Silezka army). At the end of the battle, the German allies of Napoleon thwarted him - the entire Saxon division (3 thousand soldiers, 19 garmatians) went over to the allies, the Württemberg, Westphalian and Baden parts followed the Saxons. Tse seriously aggravated the defense of Leipzig. Saxons navit once acted on the battles of the allied army. Truth be told, Saxony didn’t lie, it became a power for the war-torn rozpodіla mizh pomoztsy.

On the similar and pivnіchny straight lines, the French Vijska boulevards were sent to the 15-hvilinny march to the city. There was no activity on the Western side of the Austrian day. Commander-in-Chief Schwarzenberg hesitated at the need to humiliate Napoleon until the last battle, not so much for life, but for death. Having punished the 3rd corps of Gyula, it was no longer necessary to guard the French and not to storm Lindenau.

Napoleon and Poniatowski near Leipzig. Sukhodilsky (XIX century).

Possibility of the French troops before the defense of Leipzig was exhausted. The numbers of the adversary's victory were given signs more and more strongly. The German troops switched to the bik of the allied army. Ammunition reached the end. For the additional charge of the chief of artillery of the army, for a few days, it fired 220 thousand cores, only 16 thousand were lost. shells, and the delivery did not count. Napoleon did not reserve the defense of the place for the long battle, planning to win a decisive victory. The deyak military leaders for the sake of the emperor continued to fight - to burn down the front of the place, trimming behind the walls. Ale, the French emperor won the steps.

Come in sooner the preparations for a possible entrance were insufficient. Zakrema, having prepared a single place to the vibuhu, the French did not think about the establishment of a few additional crossings for the exit. Only one of the French soldiers could go straight to Weissenfels. The French General Bertrand, commander of the corps, turned the west straight, started the introduction of troops, called that artillery to Weissenfels, through Lindenau at the straight to Halle. At night, behind him, the Reshta Viysk, the guards, the artillery and the corps of Victor and Augereau pulled up. Vijska McDonald, Ney and Lauriston are small enough to cover the air.

The allied command for a whole day was doing a great pardon. The foolishness of the French troops on the 6th of July caused a lot of wisps to grow, so that Napoleon’s army would continue the battle on the coming day. Wanting to let go about the need to strengthen the left flank and the possibilities for re-tracing the enemy hung. Thus, the Russian Emperor Oleksandr Pavlovich spoke about the need to see 20 ths. cavalry group for the reconnaissance of the enemy. After General Gyula, who commanded the troops on a straight line, they called for giving Napoleon’s troops the opportunity to enter, having sunk in full. Ale yogo explanations were recognized by the masters, shards of guilt by the order of Prince Schwarzenberg.

If the French troops stepped through the Randshtad gates, the allied armies began to advance. King of Saxony Friedrich-August I, having propagated the building of the place without a fight, as if the allied command would give the French some years to go. Prote, Emperor Oleksandr I, having recited this proposition and having punished the advance. General Tol delivered a message to the Saxon monarch, and organized his funeral, if the Russian troops stormed the palace.

Through those that all the Viysks needed to walk only along one road, a trouble began, without a path. The French emperor himself was no more important to get out of Leipzig. The Russian troops under the military command of the generals Langeron and Osten-Sacken occupied the headquarters of Halles, the Prussian units under the command of General Bulow - the movement of Grimmas, the military Bennigsen occupied the gates of Leipzig - Peterstor. Chaos was at its peak at the hands of the French troops, if the sappers pardoned the Elsterbrücke town, that they stood up in front of the Randstadt Brama. Feeling the cries of “Hurrah!” in the distance, the stench vowed that it was necessary to raise the enemy’s present and lost the place. And in the city there were about 20-30 yew more left. French, including Marshals MacDonald and Poniatowski and Generals Lauriston and Renier. They did not catch the evacuation of that hospital. Having perished a lot, among them they tried to twist the river and climbed the steep protracted bank, under the shelling of the enemy, and others were consumed in full. Marshal MacDonald floated and finished the river. Poniatowski, who miraculously fought at the Battle of Leipzia, and the only one of the foreigners in the service of Napoleon, having taken off the rank of a French marshal, having been wounded and having drowned for an hour, crossed. Loriston after eating full. Until the next day, the place was completely overrun.

The French army, which enters, in front of the hour lifts the city. Rose-painted engraving of the 19th century.

Having lifted the bridge himself, he characterizes that stage of chaos, which was going on at the same time. Napoleon having entrusted the task to General Dulolois, then, at his side, laid a charge for the preparation of the bridge to the destruction of Colonel Montfort, and that one, leaving his quarters, leaving yoga on the corporal of the engineering troops. On the food of the war, if the next charge was fired, they said to you: "At the first appearance of the enemy." Battle cries and the appearance of a number of Russian shooters near the bridge, the stench began to shoot at the enemy, became a drive, so that they could rise at the opposite places, even though they were beaten by French troops. Corporal vikonav order accurately. Thousands of Frenchmen appeared as doomsday that is full. Until then, having lifted the bridge, crossed it alone, having left the will to the support of the warriors, they still fought in the rearguards. And the maneuver of the Old Guard, which flared up on the opposite birch, in order to defend the army guards, turned out to be marnim.

Prince Schwarzenberg reminds the allied monarchs about the victory at the “battle of the peoples” at Leipzig. Johann Peter Kraft. 1817 r. Museum military history, Vision.

Podbags

Napoleon's army recognized the wretchedness of the defeat, but it was lost (because of the disorder of the allied command), sharpened and completely reduced. Neither the commander-in-chief of Schwarzenberg, nor the plea of ​​three emperors could not, in a complete rank, build up the courage of the fighting forces of the majestic allied army. Good chances to complete the won were spent. The existence of unity of command overwhelmed the implementation of broad operational ideas, led to inconsistency in some parts of the army, if others had to bear the brunt of the blows of the enemy, the reservation of the great masses of the army, they did not work at that moment, if it was possible to fight sew the result of the battle. The decisive role of the battle was played by the Russian troops, as they vindicated the strongest blows of Napoleon's army.

French soldiers spent approximately 70-80 thousand. osib: 40 thousand. killed and wounded, 30 thousand. polonenimi (including zahoplenih at the hospitals), a few thousand nіmtsіv moved to the bіk of the allied army. In addition, a typhus epidemic broke out in the French army, and Napoleon could bring only about 40 thousand to France. soldiers. The French army wasted one marshal and three generals, the king of Saxony, two corps commanders (Crimea Loriston, the commander of the 7th corps Renier), two dozen divisional and brigadier generals were full. The army spent half of the artillery - 325 garmats, 960 charging boxes, 130 yew. towels (including the arsenals of Leipzig) and most of the convoy.

Soyuznі vіyska also recognized the great costs - up to 54 yew. beaten and wounded, of which up to 23 thousand. Russians (they perished or took away mortally wounded 8 generals - Neverovsky, Shevych, Gine, Kudashev, Lindfors, Manteuffel, Rhubarb and Shmidt), 16 yew. Prussians, 15 ths. Austrians and 180 Swedes. The low cost of the Swedish military is explained by the fact that Bernadotte saved the military for the war with Denmark for Norway. For valor in this battle, Russian commanders - Kaptsevich, Osten-Saken, Grand Duke Kostyantyn Pavlovich and Eugene of Württemberg were awarded the Order of St. George of the 2nd degree. Petro Mikhailovich Kaptsevich, despite the severe concussion, was one of the first to escape to the place. Osten-Saken was awarded for the capture of the Gallic office. The corps of E. Württemberg was assigned to the battle for Wachau and Probsteid. Grand Duke Kostyantin commanded the reserve units, which were also marked at the battle. All in all, a high assessment, especially to protect the fact that Battle of Borodino with this order, more than one person was awarded - Barclay de Tolli, and for 150 years the foundation of the order of St. George 2nd grade yoga was awarded more than 125 times. Barclay de Tolli, who was one of the most important culprits of the victory, honored at once with the emperor in Leipzig and was famous for the count's honor Russian Empire.

Temple-monument of Russian glory near Leipzig. 1913 Architect V.A. Pokrovsky.

The defeat of Napoleon's army is small for the great military-strategic and political effect. Napoleon's armies stepped across the river Rhine, to France. The forts, which the French had lost, many of which were already in the depths of the allies, began to rise one by one. In 1813 and mid-1814, near the leaf fall-breasts, they capitulated - Dresden (Saint-Syr with the 14th building was built there), Torgau, Stettin, Wittenberg, Kustrin, Glogau, Zamostya, Modlin and Danzig. Until September 1814, all the French fortifications along the Vistula, Oder and Elbi, the Crimea of ​​Hamburg capitulated (having defended Napoleon’s “salt marshal” Davout, having built the fort only after the name of Napoleon) and Magdeburg. The stench ran until May 1814. The capitulation of the kripaks saved Napoleon about 150 thousand. soldiers and the majestic number of artillery necessary for the defense of France. Nearly 30,000 ths. a person with 95 garmats of sexual viysk and 117 strong garmats.

France was left alone against the whole coalition. Under Emperor Napoleon, the Confederation of the Rhine of the German powers collapsed. Bavaria stood up for an anti-French alliance, having inherited Württemberg. Saxony was taken out of war. Mayzhe all the other German statesmen have joined the coalition. France is small enough to see the military from Holland. Denmark was isolated by the Swedish Viys and under the pressure of Sweden and England, it was embarrassed by capitulation. One of the leading commanders of Napoleon, King Murat of Naples, having stole a secret agreement with Austria, and destroying his forces against the military kingdom of Italy, stunned by Eugene Beauharnais I'll have a talk with Napoleon).

At the beginning of September 1814, the anti-French coalition launched a new campaign, invading as far as France. Napoleon, having lost one of France against the forces of practically all of Europe, which caused him to be astounded by that vision to the throne.

A monument to the riddle about the Battle of Leipzia and yoga in the “Lake of Tears Shed for the Dead Soldiers”. 1913 rec.

Addendum 1. Full of General Lauriston

In "Officers' Notes" N.B. Golitsin describes the fullness of General Loriston in this way: “One of the brothers unzipped his overcoat, showing us his marks and voicing that General Loriston was guilty. We quickly took yoga with us. Not far from the call, we were able to cross the wide street of the Leipzia frontier, as if it crossed our road. At that very hour, as we climbed through it to cross over, we received a French battalion, which was in the highest order, with loaded towels. There were twenty officers ahead. If we were mutually beaten one by one, we zupinilis. Zvivini stitches, as they were moving, and trees, which were on її sides, captured our innumeracy. General Emmanuel, emphatically, that it is not possible to reconcile here for a long time, and commemorating the deceitful engagement between the French, shouting to them: "Bas les armes!" (“Throw a streak!”) Zdivovannye officers began to be proud of each other; and then our fearless chief, bachachi їhnє vagannya, shouting to him again: "Bas les armes ou point de quartier!" (“Throw streaks, because you will not be spared!”) And in the same place, waving a saber, turning back with a wondrous presence of spirit to your innumerable pen, nibi in order to command the attack. And then the mustache of the French towels fell to the ground, as if with a wave of an enchanting wand, and twenty officers, as if seeing off Major Augereau, the marshal's brother, brought us their swords. What about Lauriston? “Lauriston, burying yourself in thought for a marvelous hour, go with too many hundred people, like they laid a streak in front of twelve Russians, turning to our boss from the inquiries: “Who do I have the honor to give my sword?” "We have given the honor, - vіdpovіv vіn, - to the Russian Major General Emmanuel, the commander of three officers and eight cossacks." It was necessary to bachiti to cover up and rozpach Lauriston and all the French.

On the way to your G.A. Emmanuel rozmovlyav іz Marquis de Lauriston.

Ah, general, naskіlki inconsistent viyskove happiness, - the rest shrugged.

Not so long ago I was ambassador to Russia, but now I am swearing!

Those who trapilosa with you - vydpovіv Emmanuelle - as a whole could be with me.

Addendum 2. An outstanding feat of the soldier Korinny.

Leonty Korinniy (Dyadko Korinniy) - a Russian soldier-grenadier, who served with the Life Guards of the Finnish regiment, the hero of the Battle of Borodino, who created a feat at the hour of the battle near Leipzig, who hoarded the French emperor Napoleon and became Napoleonicdom all and army.

Participant of the battle O.M. Marin, the first historiographer of the Finnish Life Guards Regiment, describing his feat as follows: їmi office I will fence, and єgerі rushed at them, drove the French already; ale, who were sharply numerous enemies, militantly stood their ground; many officers were wounded; then Korinniy, having transplanted the battalion commander and the wounded chiefs of his own through the fence, he himself picked up in the distance, the best rangers and stood by, while the wounded officers and the other rangers fought in battle. Korinny with a lot of dashing shooters standing mitzno and pacifying the battlefield, shouting: "Don't give up, lads." The stench was shot at the back, and the number of the enemy squeezed ours so that the stinks were beaten by bagnets ... all fell, some were beaten, and others were wounded, and Korinny was left alone. The French, marveling at the good huntsman, shouted that they were standing up, but Korinniy turned the towel at the front, took it by the muzzle and beat it with the butt. Some sprats of fortune-telling bagnets laid yoga on the mіstsі, and next to the same hero lay all of ours, which they greedily hoisted, with the couches of the Frenchmen beaten by them. We all mourned, - we add on, - the good "Uncle Korinny". After a few days, to the great joy of the last regiment, "uncle Korinny" appeared in full, covered with wounds; ale, for good luck, the wounds were not important. Pokrity with 18 wounds, Korinniy, turning at the regiment, roaring about his perebuvannya in full, de glory about his good-looking goodness expanded to all French soldiers, and he himself was introduced to Napoleon, as if he was praising the Russian miracle hero. Vchinok Korinnoy so choked the great commander, that he was guilty of punishment for his army, placing the Finnish grenadier for the butt of his soldiers.

The feat of the grenadier of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment Leonty Korinny at the battle of Leipzig in 1813. P. Babaev (1813-1870).